喇北东块一区水驱综合调整挖潜做法及效果

目前喇北东块一区已进入特高含水期开发阶段,剩余油分散,挖潜难度越来越大。为了进一步改善特高含水期水驱开发效果,我们以注好水、注够水,提高有效注水、强化提液挖潜、增加可采储量为原则,以精细调整、精细挖潜为手段,不断拓宽特高含水期控水挖潜新途径,努力控制产量递减与含水上升速度,不断提高水驱开发效果。本文针对水驱开发中存在的问题,应用精细油藏研究成果,分析水驱井的开采状况,分析剩余油分布状况,积极寻找剩余油富集区。通过对水井采取压裂、细分、测调等措施,改善注水井的注水状况;同时对油井采取补孔、压裂等措施,进行综合调整,有效挖潜剩余油,从而改善特高含水期水驱开发效果。     

利用核磁共振技术研究岩心的润湿性

润湿性是存在于固体和液体表面的一种特性,核磁共振T2谱能够反映孔隙壁与孔隙流体的相互作用,它就可以成为一种评价岩石润湿性的方法。本文利用数值模拟的方法模拟出了在不同的润湿性、不同的含水饱和度条件下岩心的核磁共振T2谱的特征,并对水湿岩心和经过老化处理恢复润湿性的油湿岩心分别进行了核磁共振实验,对比不同含水饱和度下的T2谱特征来判断岩石的润湿性。     

CK注水示范区水驱开发效果评价分析

本文阐述了注水示范区的基本地质情况及示范区的开发现状,依据对示范区的采出程度、存水率、水驱指数、采收率等指标的分析,确定了目前示范区存水率低,注入水利用率低,注入水波及体积小和生产效率低的生产状况,并提出了调整方案,为CK油田进一步实施挖潜措施提供决策依据和技术支持有着重要的意义。     

应用核磁共振测井资料评价气层

介绍了核磁共振测井的原理及识别气层的方法,并给出了应用实例。该测井技术弥补了常规测井资料进行气层评价时,无法确定储层中是否含束缚水、束缚水的体积、可动流体的体积以及渗透率大小等缺陷。能较准确地计算孔隙度和渗透率,以便更准确地划分产层和干层、产层和水层,提高含气砂岩的测井解释精度。     

应用核磁共振测井资料评价气层

介绍了核磁共振测井的原理及识别气层的方法,并给出了应用实例。该测井技术弥补了常规测井资料进行气层评价时,无法确定储层中是否含束缚水、束缚水的体积、可动流体的体积以及渗透率大小等缺陷。能较准确地计算孔隙度和渗透率,以便更准确地划分产层和干层、产层和水层,提高含气砂岩的测井解释精度。     

油包水型原油乳状液核磁共振T2谱特征与形成机理分析

为认识油包水型原油乳状液核磁共振T_2谱中各峰的形成机理,采用低场核磁共振CPMG自旋回波法测量了不同含水率的油包水型原油乳状液,分析了油包水型原油乳状液的T_2谱特征,探讨了T_2谱中各个峰的形成机理,并通过含Mn Cl_2·4H_2O油包水型原油乳状液的核磁共振实验进行了验证。结果表明:油包水型原油乳状液T_2谱中存在三个峰,连续相中的原油发生自由流体弛豫形成T_(2A)峰,被油束缚在分散相水滴表面的水发生表面流体弛豫形成T_(2B)峰,远离液滴表面液滴内部的水发生自由流体弛豫形成T_(2C)峰;含Mn Cl_2·4H_2O油包水型原油乳状液的T_2谱中含有两个峰,未受Mn Cl_2·4H_2O影响的原油自由弛豫形成T_(2N)峰;Mn Cl_2·4H_2O使水的自由弛豫和表面弛豫时间缩短,共同形成T_(2M)峰,验证了原油乳状液T_2谱中各个峰的弛豫机理分析。这些结果为利用低场核磁共振T_2谱深入研究原油乳状液的性质奠定了基础。     

核磁共振测井T_2截止值的确定方法研究

目前,T2截止值的确定问题是核磁共振测井应用的困难之一。T2截止值是决定核磁共振测井资料解释的一个关键参数,对于确定孔隙度、渗透率、饱和度等解释参数十分重要。目前国内外如斯伦贝谢公司推荐T2截止值在砂泥岩和碳酸盐岩地层分别选用33ms和92ms。实际研究发现T2截止值是变化的而非是单一值。直接运用经验值计算地层参数势必会产生误差。因此,根据测量对象的不同,基于岩心实验法,探讨了T2截止值的确定方法,并证明了其可行性。     

核磁共振技术在辽河油田奈1块九佛堂组储层评价中的应用

利用核磁共振技术可以快速、准确的对岩样孔隙度、渗透率以及含油饱和进行分析,同时,该项技术对岩样无损伤,具有其它常规技术无可比拟的优点。该技术在辽河油田奈曼旗凹陷奈1块进行储层评价的现场应用效果表明,核磁共振技术能够完全满足储层评价的精度要求,其解释结果与沉积微相结果吻合,效果较好。     

南梁西区水驱效果分析及评价

伴随油田深入开发,油层原始能量逐渐降低,必须适时引入新的能量进行补充,而水驱是较常见的补充地下能量的方法之一,长庆油田南梁采油厂的技术人员通过深入摸索,研究出一套切合实际的水驱效果分析方法,也能够为浅海石油开发公司的油田开发工作提供新的思路,从而达到提高浅海石油开发公司的现场生产管理水平的目的。     

核磁共振测井资料在河南油田的地质应用

本文通过对河南油田历年来所测核磁共振测井资料进行总结,分析了核磁测井的影响因素,根据实际井的投产和试油结果,统计和建立了不同区块的核磁测井解释标准。     

Characterization of Additive-Modified Beta Alumina Ceramics by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Sintered compacts of beta alumina have been made with additives of Li₂O, MgO, NiO, CaO, and Y₂O₃. The motional narrowing and quadrupole interactions of sodium were investigated as a function of temperature and additive concentration by wide-line NMR. The Li₂O, MgO, and NiO additives are incorporated in the beta alumina structure and enhance Na motion; CaO dissolves and inhibits Na motion; and Y₂O₃ forms a second phase and has no effect on the Na. The effects of the additives are explained by the size and charge of the additive cation, and intragranular and intergranular conductivity in doped beta alumina ceramics are predicted.     

Evaluation of Water Resistance of Polyurethane Dispersion Coatings by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) at 300 MHz is used to evaluate water resistance of polyurethane dispersion coatings. A set of wood rods coated with an uncrosslinked aliphatic polyurethane dispersion, a plasticized poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) emulsion and a 5-minute-cure epoxy adhesive, respectively, are immersed in water at 25°C. The water penetration is followed by acquiring cross sectional images from the samples. The same procedure is used at 60°C to compare the performance of multifunctional polyaziridine and polycarbodiimide crosslinkers with the polyurethane dispersion. The signal intensities in the middle of the wood as a function of time show three characteristics for the systems: induction time, absorption rate, and saturation time. The water resistance of the uncrosslinked polyurethane dispersion coating is relatively good. The addition of 2% of the polycarbodiimide crosslinker does not improve the water resistance. However, the same amount of the polyaziridine crosslinker in 300 ± 50 μm thick coatings decreases the water absorption rate by a factor of ca. 14. The pot life for the 2% polyaziridine mixture is approximately three days and the coatings made from five-day-old mixture have three times faster water absorption rate relative to the fresh mixtures. The reliability of conventional water resistance tests is also discussed.     

Evaluation of Water Resistance of Polyurethane Dispersion Coatings by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) at 300 MHz is used to evaluate water resistance of polyurethane dispersion coatings. A set of wood rods coated with an uncrosslinked aliphatic polyurethane dispersion, a plasticized poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) emulsion and a 5-minute-cure epoxy adhesive, respectively, are immersed in water at 25°C. The water penetration is followed by acquiring cross sectional images from the samples. The same procedure is used at 60°C to compare the performance of multifunctional polyaziridine and polycarbodiimide crosslinkers with the polyurethane dispersion. The signal intensities in the middle of the wood as a function of time show three characteristics for the systems: induction time, absorption rate, and saturation time. The water resistance of the uncrosslinked polyurethane dispersion coating is relatively good. The addition of 2% of the polycarbodiimide crosslinker does not improve the water resistance. However, the same amount of the polyaziridine crosslinker in 300 ± 50 μm thick coatings decreases the water absorption rate by a factor of ca. 14. The pot life for the 2% polyaziridine mixture is approximately three days and the coatings made from five-day-old mixture have three times faster water absorption rate relative to the fresh mixtures. The reliability of conventional water resistance tests is also discussed.     

The Determination of Surface Development in Cement Pastes by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Pulsed proton NMR was used to determine the specific surface of hydrating cement pastes. The method is based on the fact that the measured proton spin-lattice relaxation rate (l/ T₁ ) of water in cement pastes is (in view of the fast exchange between water molecules in the adsorbed and bulk phase) proportional to the fraction of water molecules covering the solid surface and thus proportional to the NMR surface of the newly grown hydration products. In general, the method can be used for powders, fibrous and porous materials in contact with liquid water, or other fluids containing protons.     

核磁共振技术在化学物质定量分析中的应用

文章首先介绍了核磁共振技术定量分析原理,然后从内标法、外标法、相对含量法三个方面简述了核磁共振技术在化学物质定量分析中的应用现状,并且对核磁共振技术在定量分析上的优势做了分析,最后,对其应用前景做了总结和展望。     

Internal Structure of Porous Silica: A Model System for Characterization by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation methods have been used to investigate the internal structure of porous silica gelled from colloidal silica and potassium silicate mixtures. These materials possess a narrow pore size distribution with average pore diameter ranging from 470 to 2400 Å (47 to 240 nm) as determined from mercury intrusion porosimetry. NMR relaxation measurements were performed on deionized water impregnated into the pore space. These results determine the distribution of local surface-to-volume ratios and show that all of the silica samples are very uniform on a length scale greater than 5 μ. NMR relaxation measurements performed on silica samples partially filled with water provide a precise confirmation of the theoretical model upon which the NMR pore structure analysis is based. Measurements of the relaxation strength at the water—silica interface were found to depend systematically on the initial composition of the material. The self-diffusion coefficient of water, saturated in the pore space, is reduced by 14% from its bulk value.     

核磁共振(NMR)测试技术进展及应用

介绍了核磁共振（NMR）测试技术进展，着重介绍固体高分辨核磁共振和二维核磁共振技术的进展及它们在高分子材料领域的主要应用举例。     

Characterization of Polyphasic Silicon Carbide Using Surface-Enhanced Raman and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The present report explores the use of cross-polarization (CP) and single-pulse magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) as well as normal and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), in concert, for characterizing highly crystalline polymorphic silicon carbide ceramics. The combined use of these techniques provides a wealth of information regarding bulk, near-surface, and surface speciation. Both Raman and SERS are promising techniques for fracture surface characterization of these systems. The application of CPMAS-NMR and SERS to the study of ceramics is reported for the first time in this investigation.     

Study of Water Layers Adsorbed on Na- and Ca-Montmorillonite by the Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technique

The pulsed magnetic resonance technique was applied to the measurement of the longitudinal (T₁) and transversal (T₂) relaxation time of water molecules adsorbed by Na- and Ca-Montmorillonite, In the Na-clay the water was adsorbed as a monomolecular layer whilst in the Ca-clay, the bimolecular layer was formed under specified water vapor pressures. The effect of paramagnetic centers (Fe³⁺) was corrected and the samples were studied between + 30°C and ?80°C. The main contribution to T₁ was the “inter” contribution of protons diffusing from one water molecule to another whilst T₂ results from simultaneous rotational (intramolecular) and diffusional (intermolecular) contributions. The proton diffusion coefficient and the life-time of a proton on one specified water molecule is derived from T₁ inter. The calculated value at 298°C is equal to 10^?7 times the life-time in liquid water, suggesting a dissociation degree 10⁷ times higher in the adsorbed state than in liquid water. This increase in the dissociation degree as well as the reported activation energies are in good agreement with experimental data obtained from conductimetric and dielectric measurements performed previously.