导热绝缘防沉降室温硫化硅橡胶的制备与性能研究

以α,ω-甲氧基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷为基体,三氧化二铝(Al_2O_3)为导热填料,氧化锌(ZnO)、纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)、纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2)和纳米Al_2O_3为防沉降添加剂,制备单组分导热绝缘防沉降室温硫化硅橡胶,研究其防沉降、导热和绝缘性能。结果表明,当ZnO、纳米TiO_2、纳米SiO_2和纳米Al_2O_3单一添加且用量分别为8,0.8,0.8和0.5份,且Al_2O_3和防沉降添加剂总用量为75份时,硅橡胶的防沉降性能优良,热导率增大,且物理性能和绝缘性能变化很小。     

氧化铝填充环氧树脂复合材料的导热性能

采用商用软件包DIGIMAT,建立了不同粒径分布,不同含量的氧化铝(Al_2O_3)填充环氧树脂基复合材料的三维代表体积单元(RVE)模型,采取有限元方法研究了复合材料体系的热学性能。制备了6种质量分数,2种粒径分布的Al_2O_3增强环氧树脂的复合材料样品,并测量得到了有效热导率。将模拟以及实验结果进行分析发现,复合材料的导热性能随着Al_2O_3填料的增多而增大,并且在质量分数为30%时,增幅较为明显;当Al_2O_3粒径呈正态分布时,Al_2O_3粒子大小交错排列能够得到更大的填充率。     

刚玉粉对室温硫化导热硅橡胶性能的影响

以α，ω-二羟基封端聚二甲基硅氧烷为基胶，刚玉粉为导热填料，制备了填充型室温硫化(RTV)导热硅橡胶。研究了刚玉粉的填充量、表面处理方式、粒径及不同粒径刚玉粉的配比对RTV导热硅橡胶性能的影响。结果表明：随着刚玉粉用量的增加，RTV硅橡胶的导热系数增大，但力学性能降低，基料的粘度增大，工艺性能变差，刚玉粉的用量以200份为宜；采用经表面处理的刚玉粉，可以改善其与基胶的相容性，提高RTV硅橡胶的导热性能；且采用硅烷偶联剂处理的刚玉粉还可提高RTV硅橡胶的力学性能；大粒径刚玉粉填充的RTV硅橡胶的导热性能优于小粒径刚玉粉填充的RTV硅橡胶，但力学性能下降；当填充量达到200份后，二者导热性能的差距明显缩小；不同粒径刚玉粉并用可以提高RTV硅橡胶的导热性能，降低基料粘度，改善工艺性能；当大粒径与小粒径刚玉粉的质量比为1／3或3／5时，所得RTV导热硅橡胶的综合性能较好。     

PP-R/POE-g-MAH/Al_2O_3复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过添加马来酸酐接枝的聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)及无机导热填料Al_2O_3对无规共聚聚丙烯(PP-R)进行复合改性,研究了POE-g-MAH及Al_2O_3用量对PP-R/POE-g-MAH/Al_2O_3复合材料力学性能和导热性能的影响,并分析了复合材料的结晶行为和微观形貌。结果表明:POE-g-MAH和Al_2O_3的添加,可提高PP-R材料的低温冲击强度和导热性,由此可望得到综合性能优越的PP-R管材。     

双改性Al_2O_3/PVDF杂化膜的制备和性能

分别利用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷对Al_2O_3粒子进行了改性、KOH对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)进行了改性,并以改性后的产物为制膜材料,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,将改性纳米Al_2O_3粒子引入到改性PVDF中,通过热致相变法制备了双改性Al_2O_3/PVDF杂化膜。分别考察了硅烷偶联剂对Al_2O_3粒子粒径的影响,及不同碱浓度和碱处理时间对PVDF结构的影响,并对制备的双改性膜进行了性能测试。结果表明:当硅烷偶联剂的质量分数为33%(以体系总质量计,下同)时,Al_2O_3粒子的粒径从593.45 nm降为43.47 nm,在此基础上,当改性Al_2O_3粒子的质量分数为5%时,杂化膜的截留率为83.1%,水通量为621.5 L/(m2·h),膜的拉伸强度达到5.01MPa。改性纳米Al_2O_3粒子的引入,是杂化膜通量和力学强度提高的主要原因。     

高导热室温硫化硅橡胶和硅脂

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＣ两类导热填料以及填料的粒径分布对室温硫化硅橡胶和硅脂的导热性能和粘度的影响：发现当粒径分布适当时,可得到导热系数高、粘度低的室温硫化导热硅橡胶及导热硅脂。     

PE-LLD/Al2O3导热复合材料的制备及性能

通过哈克密炼–模压成型法制备了线型低密度聚乙烯(PE-LLD)/Al_2O_3复合材料,并在不同温度条件下对复合材料的导热性能进行研究。通过扫描电子显微镜、热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪、激光导热仪和精密阻抗分析仪研究了复合材料中Al_2O_3的分散性及复合材料的热稳定性、熔融行为、导热性能和介电性能。结果表明,Al_2O_3均匀分散在PE-LLD基体中;添加微米级Al_2O_3后,复合材料的熔点和熔融焓变化不大,热稳定性能有所提高;当Al_2O_3添加量为100份时,复合材料的热导率为1.426W/(m·K),比纯PE-LLD的热导率提高218.0%;随着温度的升高,Al_2O_3的添加量越多,复合材料的热导率降低越明显;随着Al_2O_3添加量的增加,复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗增大,在低频时增加更明显。     

高流动性PA 6/Al_(2)O_(3)导热复合材料的制备及其性能北大核心

以球形Al_(2)O_(3)为填料,高流动性聚酰胺(PA)6为基体,利用双螺杆挤出熔融共混技术,制备了PA 6/Al_(2)O_(3)导热复合材料,并研究了Al_(2)O_(3)含量和粒径对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着亚微米Al_(2)O_(3)含量的增加,填料形成了更加发达的导热通道,当Al_(2)O_(3)质量分数为80%时,复合材料的导热系数达到1.510 W/(m·K),较纯PA 6提升了439%,同时复合材料的弯曲强度提高了60%,弯曲模量提高了367%,结晶温度提高了16.1℃;添加Al_(2)O_(3)不仅改善了复合材料的结晶性能,还提高了复合材料的导热性能和力学性能。     

煅烧陶土在三元乙丙橡胶电线电缆胶料中的应用

研究煅烧陶土在三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)电线电缆胶料中的应用,考察了陶土粒径、陶土用量、硅烷偶联剂用量、填料种类对胶料硫化特性、力学性能、导电和导热性能的影响。结果表明:填充100份粒径为8. 5μm的陶土时胶料的综合性能较好;在陶土填充胶料中配合使用少量硅烷偶联剂A-172(用量为陶土的0. 25%),可以在保证EPDM硫化胶良好的导电和导热性能的前提下进一步提高力学性能。陶土可以取代超细碳酸钙用于EPDM电线电缆料中,具有明显的性能优势。     

填料形状对聚酰胺6基复合材料导热性能的影响

首先分别以膨胀石墨(EG)、氮化硼(BN)、氧化铝(Al_2O_3)、氧化锌晶须(T-ZnO_W)为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6(PA6)基导热复合材料,研究了填料形状对复合材料导热性能的影响;在此基础上,再以EG为主填料,分别与BN、Al_2O_3、T-ZnO_W复配填充改性PA6,考察了复配填料形状、含量对复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,片状EG较其他填料对PA6树脂的热导率具有更好的提升效果;复配填料中小粒径填料Al_2O_3有助于打开并进入EG的片层结构,形成更加完善的导热网络,发生协同效应;当复配填料总含量固定为20%(体积分数,下同),BN或Al_2O_3或T-ZnO_W含量分别为7.5%、5%、2.5%时,复合材料的热导率分别达到最大值:3.05、3.10、2.84 W/(m·K)。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–K0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–SrTiO3陶瓷的准同型相界与电性能

采用固相法制备了 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–K0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–SrTiO3（NBT–KBT–BT–ST）陶瓷,该体系是按（1–2x）（0.8NBT–0.2KBT）–x（0.94NBT–0.06BT）–x（0.74NBT–0.26ST） （x = 0.10、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35、0.40、0.45）组合而成的,研究了该系陶瓷的结构与电性能。结果表明：所有样品都处于三方–四方准同型相界区域。该系陶瓷在准同型相界附近表现出了优异的压电性能,压电常数 d33、机电耦合系数 kp和剩余极化强度 Pr随 x 的增加先升高后降低,其中 x=0.35 陶瓷的电性能最佳：d33= 210 pC/N,kp= 0.319,Pr= 39.3 μC/cm2,Ec= 20.2 kV/cm,是一种良好的无铅压电陶瓷候选材料。依据准同型相界组成的线性组合规律来寻找具有优异压电性能的 NBT–KBT–BT–ST 陶瓷准同型相界组成是可行的。     

Dielectric relaxation and resistive switching of Bi0.96Sr0.04Fe0.98Co0.02O3/CoFe2O4 thin films with different thicknesses of the Bi0.96Sr0.04Fe0.98Co0.02O3 layer

Bi_0.96Sr_0.04Fe_0.98Co_0.02O₃/CoFe₂O₄(BSFCO/CFO) bilayered thin films with different thicknesses of the BSFCO layer are synthesized on FTO/glass substrates by chemical solution deposition method (CSD). The influence of BSFCO thickness on the microstructure, dielectric relaxation, ferroelectric properties and resistive switching (RS) of the thin films are researched. Strain exists in the prepared thin films and gives rise to structural distortion, which has an effect on charged defects and ferroelectric polarization. Dielectric relaxation that is closely related to the interfacial polarization at the BSFCO/CFO interface is observed, and the dielectric loss peaks along with decreasing intensity shift to high frequency with decreasing strain. The Maxwell-Wagner two-layer model is adopted to investigate the mechanism of dielectric relaxation, and the relaxation time τ is calculated and it shown to be directly proportional to the strain. It is found that the dielectric properties, including low dielectric loss, can be improved by controlling the BSFCO layer thickness. The ferroelectric properties improve with the decreasing strain, the 12-BSFCO/CFO thin film possesses a large P_r ~ 102.9?μC/cm² at 660?kV/cm. The observed resistive switching (RS) behavior is attributed to the interfacial conduction mechanism, it is found that strain-dependent the ferroelectric polarization switching modulates the width of depletion layer and the height of potential barrier at the interface, resulting in the different resistance states.     

High piezoelectric coefficient of Pr2O3-doped Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 ceramics

Pr₂O₃-doped Ba_0.85Ca_0.15Ti_0.90Zr_0.10O₃ (BCTZ-xPr) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state method. A tetragonal phase is only observed in these ceramics, and the introduction of Pr₂O₃ decreases their sintering temperature without affecting negatively the piezoelectric constant. Enhanced ferroelectric properties were obtained in these BCTZ-xPr ceramics. The ceramic with x=0.06 wt% exhibits a good electrical behavior of d₃₃∼460 pC/N, k_p∼47.6%, ε_r∼4638, and tan δ∼0.015 when sintered at a low temperature of ∼1400 °C. As a result, the BCTZ-xPr ceramic is a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.     

Composite cathodes of La0.9Ca0.1Ni0.5Co0.5O3-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 for solid oxide fuel cells

The mixed ionic and electronic conductors of La_0.9Ca_0.1Ni_0.5Co_0.5O₃-Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 (LCNC-SDC) are investigated systematically for potential application as a cathode for solid oxide fuel cells based on a Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 (SDC) electrolyte. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are performed in air over the temperature range of 600-850 °C to determine the cathode polarization resistance. The exchange current densities for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), determined from the low-field cyclic voltammetry, high-field cyclic voltammetry, and EIS data are systematically investigated. The activation energies (E_a) for ORR determined from the slope of Arrhenius plots are in the range of 102.33-150.73 kJ mol⁻¹ for LCNC-SDC composite cathodes. The experimental results found that LCNC-SDC (70:30) composite cathode has a maximum exchange current density and a minimum polarization resistance of 0.30 Ω cm² for 850 °C among LCNC-SDC composite cathodes.     

Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-C_7H_7SO_3~--LDHs催化剂的制备

以尿素为沉淀剂,柠檬酸钠为络合剂,采用均相沉淀法制备Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs。以制备的Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-CO_3~(2-)-LDHs为前驱体,分别与Na Cl和对甲苯磺酸钠进行离子交换反应得到Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-C_7H_7SO_3~--LDHs新型催化剂,成功实现对甲苯磺酸根负载Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-LDHs。研究表明,Ni~(2+)-Fe~(3+)-C_7H_7SO_3~--LDHs为介孔材料,比表面积为165.6 m~2·g~(-1),平均孔径为14.7 nm,较大比表面积和空隙结构增强了其吸附性能和催化活性。     

Preparation and characterization of Cr2O3-TiO2-Al2O3-V2O5 green pigment

Green pigments with high near infrared reflectance based on a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition have been synthesized. Cr₂O₃ was used as the host component and mixtures of TiO₂, Al₂O₃ and V₂O₅ were used as the guest components. TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and V₂O₅ were mixed into 39 different compositions. The spectral reflectance and the distribution of pigment powder were determined using a spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. It was found that a pigment powder sample S9 with a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition of 80, 4, 14 and 2 wt%, respectively, gives a maximum near infrared solar reflectance of 82.8% compared with 49.0% for pure Cr₂O₃. The dispersion of pigment powders in a ceramic glaze was also studied. The results show that the pigment powder sample S9 is suitable for use as a coating material for ceramic-based roofs.     

Effects of Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 glass on the low-temperature sintering of Zn0.15Nb0.3Ti0.55O2 ceramics

The influences of Li₂O-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glass (LBS) on the activation energy, phase composition, the stability of the structure and microwave dielectric properties of Zn_0.15Nb_0.3Ti_0.55O₂ ceramics have been systematically investigated. LBS glass acted as flux former and contributed to the reactive liquid-phase sintering mechanism, which remarkably lowed the sintering temperature from 1150?°C to 900?°C and enhanced the shrinkage and densification of ceramic at the low sintering temperatures. The ceramics with 1.5?wt% LBS glass sintered at 900?°C for 3?h show great properties: ε_r = 73.59, Q × f = 8024?GHz, τ_f = 270.54?ppm/°C.     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

Fabrication and mechanical properties of Al2O3-Si3N4/ZrO2-Al2O3 laminated composites

In this paper, Al₂O₃-Si₃N₄/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ laminated composites were fabricated by tape casting and hot press sintering, and the relationships between the process, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Al₂O₃-Si₃N₄/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ laminated composites were determined. The SiAlON phase was found in the Al₂O₃-Si₃N₄ layer, and liquid-phase sintering was proposed. Nano-scratch tests were carried out to investigate the interface bonding strength of the laminates. The distribution of residual stresses, generated due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion between the different layers, was estimated according to lamination theory and confirmed using Vickers indentation. When the sintering temperature was 1550 °C, the sintered laminated ceramics had good mechanical properties, with a maximum strength and toughness of 413 MPa and 6.2 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The main toughness mechanics of laminated composites was residual stress.     

Mechanical behavior of La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 perovskites

This paper examines the important mechanical properties of commercially purchased La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O₃ at room temperature and 800 °C. Sr and Mg-doped lanthanum gallates (LSGM) are strong candidates for use as solid electrolytes in lower temperature solid oxide fuel cells operating at or below 800 °C. The material was found to be phase pure with a Young's modulus value of ∼175 GPa. The four point bending strength of the LSGM samples remained almost constant from 121 ± 35 MPa at room temperature to 126 ± 20 MPa at 800 °C. The fracture toughness, as measured by the single edge V notch beam (SEVNB) method, was 1.22 ± 0.06 MPa√m at room temperature, 1.04 ± 0.09 MPa√m at 700 °C followed by a small increase 1.31 ± 0.16 MPa√m at 800 °C. We also report, for the first time, the static subcritical (or slow) crack-growth (SCG) behavior of natural cracks in LSGM performed in four point bending tests at room temperature. The exponent of a power-law representation in the SCG tests was found to be n = 15, a rather low value showing LSGM to be highly susceptible to room temperature SCG.