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1.
《合成纤维工业》2017,(6):47-52
概述了静电纺纳米纤维及其复合梯度过滤材料的特性,详述了国内静电纺纳米纤维复合梯度型空气过滤材料的制备、过滤模型理论及数值模拟等研究进展。基于不同纤维层过滤不同粗细颗粒物,每一层纤维网发挥各自独特作用,可采用多种结构和折叠结构复合,增大过滤面积,制备多层梯度的静电纺纳米纤维复合滤材,使滤材具有高效低阻、容尘量大、使用寿命长等特点,是未来空气滤材的重点研发方向;同时应加强过滤模型设计与数值模拟研究,通过滤材的应用数据不断修正模型,促进滤材性能的改进。  相似文献   

2.
详细阐述了静电纺丝技术以及静电纺空气过滤膜材料的性能。提出了静电纺制备空气过滤材料存在的工艺问题及改进方法。综述了静电纺制备纳米纤维过滤材料及其复合改性研究进展。最后总结了静电纺空气过滤材料的应用。  相似文献   

3.
简要介绍了静电纺丝制备纳米纤维的原理以及纤维形态的主要影响因素;从静电纺丝纳米纤维的过滤效果、抗菌性能和力学性能等方面综述了其应用于生物气溶胀过滤材料的研究进展;指出静电纺丝纳米纤维大规模生产已取得突破,且抗菌改性效果持久,适合应用于生物气溶胀过滤领域,今后应进一步提高纳米纤维的力学性能及质量稳定性,具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
为了开发高效低阻的空气过滤用纤维膜,采用静电纺丝的方法制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)静电纺纳米纤维膜.通过改变PAN浓度及静电纺丝时长,得到了不同形貌及过滤性能的静电纺纳米纤维膜.结合场发射扫描电子显微镜等表征方式和过滤性能测试台对静电纺纳米纤维膜形貌及过滤性能进行测试与分析,获得性能最优的PAN静电纺纳米纤维膜的制备参数如下:PAN浓度为9wt%,静电纺丝时长为5.0 h.此条件下制备的静电纺纳米纤维膜厚度为0.0240 mm,平均纤维直径为396 nm,PM2.5过滤效率为99.99%,过滤压降为67Pa,品质因子最高,为0.137Pa-1.  相似文献   

5.
空气污染问题严重威胁着人类健康,呼吸防护口罩可有效阻止空气污染物对人体健康的损害以及呼吸道传染病的传播。然而,传统的微米级纤维口罩存在不可重复使用、功能单一等缺点,由静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维膜在呼吸防护口罩方面展现出高效、低阻、多功能等诸多优势。本文从研究背景、工作原理、制备方法以及实际应用等角度综述了近年来基于静电纺丝纳米纤维膜的呼吸防护口罩研究进展,包括耐用型纳米纤维膜口罩、抗菌型纳米纤维膜口罩、挥发性有机物吸附型纳米纤维膜口罩以及可降解型纳米纤维膜口罩等。最后,对静电纺丝纳米纤维膜呼吸防护口罩面临的挑战和未来研究方向进行了探讨,指出未来呼吸防护口罩的新发展方向包括:良好的抗湿性能、优异的舒适性以及多污染物协同拦截性能等。结果表明,静电纺丝纳米纤维膜口罩在呼吸防护方面存在巨大的发展潜力和应用前景,可以更好地应对日益复杂的呼吸防护应用需求。  相似文献   

6.
聚乳酸(PLA)是可生物降解的绿色环保材料。随着人们环保以及安全意识的提高,关于PLA抗菌性能的研发越来越受到关注。文章综述单针头静电纺丝法、同轴静电纺丝法、乳液静电纺丝法对所制备的抗菌性PLA纳米纤维膜的影响,介绍抗菌性PLA纳米纤维膜的种类及其抗菌机理,总结抗菌性PLA纳米纤维膜在医用敷料、包装、过滤等领域的应用。结果表明:不同的静电纺丝技术对PLA纳米纤维膜的抗菌性能有一定影响,其中同轴静电纺丝和乳液静电纺丝可缓解抗菌剂突释的缺点,具有较好的应用前景。不同种类的抗菌剂与PLA通过静电纺丝制备而成的纳米纤维膜均具有较好的抗菌性,但也存在一定的缺点,可根据实际需求进行选择。静电纺丝技术的制备效率较低,无法做到产业化生产,因此未来需要对静电纺丝技术进行更加深入的研究,不断提高其生产效率。此外,抗菌性PLA纳米纤维膜的重复使用性以及抗菌的持久性还有待进一步提高。  相似文献   

7.
阳智  刘呈坤  毛雪  吴红  石煜  孙润军 《合成纤维》2019,48(10):15-20
静电纺纳米纤维膜具有纤维直径小、比表面积大、孔隙率高等优势,使其在空气过滤领域具有广阔的应用前景。相比特殊结构的纳米纤维膜,常规的静电纺纤维膜堆积密度大、过滤阻力高,增加了在实际使用中的能源消耗。从静电纺纤维膜结构和过滤性能的角度探讨了高效低阻空气过滤纳米纤维膜的构筑,介绍了珠粒、突起和多孔结构纤维膜在空气过滤领域的研究进展,指出了多级结构静电纺纳米纤维膜是高效低阻空气过滤膜的重点研究方向。  相似文献   

8.
将静电纺丝技术应用到高分子材料研究中,可以制备聚合物纳米纤维,在众多领域有广阔的应用前景。从静电纺丝聚合物纳米纤维原理、有序性、应用的角度,简述其研究进展,并指出一些仍待解决的问题,同时对电纺聚合物纳米纤维未来发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

9.
介绍了静电纺丝的原理、优点及在污水过滤材料上的应用,重点介绍了国内外应用静电纺丝技术制备有吸附及光催化分解功能的污水过滤材料的最新研究进展,并指出静电纺丝过滤材料将会在未来污水处理中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
为克服传统单针头静电纺丝生产效率低的问题,在现有气流辅助静电纺丝的基础上设计一种基于气流雾化静电纺丝装置.以聚丙烯腈(PAN)溶液为纺丝液,采用自主设计的气流雾化静电纺丝装置制备纳米纤维膜,分析了其成形原理和过程以及气流压力、纺丝电压对成形纤维形态和直径的影响,并测试其空气过滤性能.结果表明:当纺丝液的质量分数为12%...  相似文献   

11.
    
During the global spread of COVID-19, high demand and limited availability of melt-blown filtration material led to a manufacturing backlog of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators (FFRs). This shortfall prompted the search for alternative filter materials that could be quickly mass produced while meeting N95 FFR filtration and breathability performance standards. Here, an unsupported, nonwoven layer of uncharged polystyrene (PS) microfibers was produced via electrospinning that achieves N95 performance standards based on physical parameters (e.g., filter thickness) alone. PS microfibers 3–6 μm in diameter and deposited in an ~5 mm thick filter layer are favorable for use in FFRs, achieving high filtration efficiencies (≥97.5%) and low pressure drops (≤15 mm H2O). The PS microfiber filter demonstrates durability upon disinfection with hydroxyl radicals (•OH), maintaining high filtration efficiencies and low pressure drops over six rounds of disinfection. Additionally, the PS microfibers exhibit antibacterial activity (1-log removal of E. coli) and can be modified readily through integration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) during electrospinning to enhance their activity (≥3-log removal at 25 wt% AgNP integration). Because of their tunable performance, potential reusability with disinfection, and antimicrobial properties, these electrospun PS microfibers may represent a suitable, alternative filter material for use in N95 FFRs.  相似文献   

12.
胡永利  张淑平 《化工进展》2016,35(4):1126-1131
概述了静电纺丝技术的原理及其在生物性纳米复合材料制备过程中的作用.该技术可将多种材料以不同的方式复合到同一根纤维中,使得纤维又增添了多种新的功能,因此其在多功能复合材料制备方面的应用广受关注.同时由于海藻酸钠纳米材料具有良好的理化性质、功能特性、生物相容性及特殊的纳米效应,利用静电纺丝技术将高效抗菌剂均匀分布到海藻酸钠材料中制备成抗菌复合薄膜,使其在食品包装、创伤敷料、药物载体及组织工程支架等方面体现出了重要的应用价值.此外,本文还在该技术的基础上,提出了关于静电纺丝制备海藻酸钠抗菌复合薄膜过程中改性剂的优化、抗菌剂的选择等方面的问题,并展望了基于静电纺丝技术的海藻酸钠抗菌复合薄膜的应用前景.  相似文献   

13.
    
Scientific studies clearly link air pollution with adverse effects on human health, which includes reduction of cognitive abilities. Hence quality indoor air is essential in rapidly urbanizing societies. The aim of this research work is to develop anti-smog, air permeable, water-proof, and transparent window screens suitable for natural ventilation. For this purpose, we bonded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanofibers on PET grids by electrospinning method with relative near spinning distance. During the process, the incomplete solvent evaporation of the collected jet could enhance the bonding of the PET nanofibers to the PET grids. The experimental results showed that the PET nanofibers had a thick deposition at the yarn edge of the PET grids, which also increased the bonding area between the PET nanofibers and the grids. At the same time, PET nanofibers had a thin deposition between the gaps of the PET grids, which not only increased the number of micron-nano-sized holes but also increased the light transmittance of the window screen. After filtration test for 5 h, the PM2.5 filtration efficiency of this anti-smog window screen was high as to 87% and the PET nanofiber window screen still maintained high light transmittance and superhydrophobicity. This research work is a promising way to prepare anti-smog window screens. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137, 48657.  相似文献   

14.
通过溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛(TiO_2),水热法制备γ型二氧化锰(γ-Mn O_2),以TiO_2/γ-Mn O_2/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)作为溶质,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制得不同TiO_2和γ-Mn O_2掺杂量的复合纤维膜,在空气过滤的同时高效氧化甲醛。利用SEM、TEM、XRD、N_2物理吸脱附仪、FTIR和UV-Vis对复合纤维膜的形貌、结构和氧化性能进行表征。结果表明,温度为40℃,经碘钨灯可见光照射后,掺杂TiO_2和γ-Mn O_2的质量分数为8%的复合纤维膜具有最好的持续氧化活性,甲醛的转化率达到90%左右,可在低温空气过滤条件下实现负载少量氧化物的复合纤维膜高效氧化甲醛。  相似文献   

15.
    
In modern society, traffic and transportation and the manufacturing industry and construction industries continuously release large amounts of dust and particles into the atmosphere, which can cause heavy air pollution, leading to health hazards. The haze disaster, a serious problem in developing countries such as China and India, has become one of the main issues of global environmental pollution in recent decades. Many air filtration technologies have been developed. Air filtration using electrospun fibers that intercept fine particles/volatile organic gases/bacterium is a relatively new, but highly promising, technique. Due to their interconnected nanoscale pore structures, highly specific surface areas, fine diameters, and porous structure as well as their ability to incorporate active chemistry on a nanoscale surface, electrospun fibers are becoming a promising versatile platform for air filtration. In this review, following a short introduction concerning the need for air filtration and filtration theory and mechanism, electrospun nanofibers membranes for air filtration have been highlighted, including the preparation (electrospinning process) and the parameters relevant to filtration efficacy. Additionally, various types (function) of the electrospun air filtration membranes have been classified in detail. Furthermore, their potential in the filtration of fine particles and chemical pollutants has been discussed. Finally, the challenges of their practical application and the future prospects have been summarized. Given that some advanced electrospun air filtration nanofibrous membranes exist for treating different contaminants from various types of polluted atmosphere, it is believed that they should make a significant contribution in protection against air pollution.

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16.
    
Electrospun electret filter material is widely studied because of its excellent removal effect on particulate matter from air streams. Here, a kind of high efficiency and low pressure drop nanofiber (NF) membrane with both electret effect and magnetic effect is developed, and compounded it with glass fiber mesh and polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) mesh to prepare a sandwich structure of NF anti‐haze window screen. Under the synergistic effect of magnetic particles, when the density is 2.06 g m?2, the filtration efficiency of NF anti‐haze window screen can reach 99.95% for the fine particles below 0.3 µm, while the filtration pressure drop is only 58.5 Pa, with good light transmittance and excellent breaking strength (6.32 MPa). Therefore, polyvinylidene fluoride/Fe3O4 composite NF membrane has a potential application prospect in the field of air filtration.  相似文献   

17.
    
Numerous experimental works for particulate matter (PM) filtration by electrospun nanofiber membranes (ESNFMs) are published in the last 10 years (2010–2021). Organizing and comparing the large amount of the available information to identify the best trends constitutes a big challenge. This review classifies all kinds of ESNFMs considering their physical, chemical, or electrical characteristics. All of them are obtained by modifying several parameters during a specific stage associated to the electrospinning process (ES). In this review, each of these stages is considered a \"moment” as a particular instant in time. According to that, three modifications are made: Moment 1—before ES, which refers to changes in polymeric solution composition; moment 2—during ES, which refers to modifying parameters while ES is performed; and moment 3—after ES, which involves applying post-treatments directly on the membrane. After classifying all kinds of filters by moments, a detailed comparison of ESNFMs with the highest quality factors for PM0.3 is presented, finding out the best trends and comparing their main filtration parameters as well, where the most promising ones correspond to charged and nanofiber/nets membranes, due to their high capture efficiencies (>95%) while maintaining low pressure drops (<100 Pa).  相似文献   

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