不同产地坡缕石黏土对高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响

以玉米秸秆、丙烯酸、不同产地坡缕石黏土为原料合成复合高吸水树脂。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热重分析来研究坡缕石黏土的结构和形态。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对复合高吸水树脂形貌及结构进行了表征。研究了三地坡缕石黏土形态、结构及组成对高吸水树脂吸水保水性能的影响。结果显示,添加靖远坡缕石黏土的复合高吸水树脂有着最佳吸水保水性能。     

马铃薯废渣/聚丙烯酸/坡缕石黏土高吸水树脂的制备及表征

采用马铃薯废渣(PWR,粒径<180目)作为纤维素和淀粉源,过硫酸钾(KSB)为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,复配坡缕石(PGS)黏土,与部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)通过自由基引发在水溶液中接枝共聚制备低成本PWR-g-PAA/PGS高吸水树脂。借助扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)及热重分析(TGA)对高吸水树脂的形貌、结构及热稳定性进行了表征和分析,并测试其吸液性能。结果表明,当坡缕石黏土和马铃薯废渣的用量占反应体系总质量的17.5%时,WPR-g-PAA/PGS高吸水树脂对w(NaCl)=0.9%水溶液、蒸馏水的最大吸收量分别为41.0、538.6 g/g,保水率为96.1%,凝胶强度达11.3 kPa。通过高吸水树脂的吸水溶胀过程确定了材料的吸水动力学行为符合non-Fickon扩散模型。     

高粱秸秆-g-聚丙烯基化合物/坡缕石黏土高吸水树脂制备及动力学研究

以天然高粱秸秆(SS, 颗粒直径>180目)作为纤维素源,N, N?亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KSB)引发剂,复配坡缕石(PGS)黏土,通过与丙烯酰胺(AM)及部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)接枝共聚制备低成本高吸水树脂SS-g-P(AA/AM)/PGS。运用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)对高吸水树脂的形貌及结构进行了表征,并测试了其吸水性能及热稳定性。结果表明,在坡缕石和高粱秸秆的添加量占反应体系的19.8%时,SS-g-P(AA/AM)/PGS对蒸馏水和自来水的最大吸收量分别为273.0g/g和66.7g/g,且热稳定性较好。通过研究树脂的吸水溶胀过程研了材料的吸水动力学行为,结果表明SS-g-P(AA/AM)/PGS吸自来水和蒸馏水的过程分别符合Fickon扩散模型和non-Fickon扩散模型。     

高粱秸秆-g-聚丙烯基化合物/坡缕石黏土高吸水树脂的制备

以天然高粱秸秆(SS,颗粒直径>180目)作为纤维素源,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KSB)为引发剂,复配坡缕石(PGS)黏土,通过与丙烯酰胺(AM)及部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)接枝共聚制备低成本高吸水树脂SS-g-P(AA/AM)/PGS。运用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)对高吸水树脂的形貌及结构进行了表征,并测试了其吸水性能及热稳定性。结果表明,在坡缕石黏土和高粱秸秆的添加量占反应体系总质量的19.51%时,SS-g-P(AA/AM)/PGS对蒸馏水、自来水、黄河水的最大吸收量分别为273.0、66.7、60.4 g/g,且热稳定性较好。通过研究树脂的吸水溶胀过程确定了材料的吸水动力学行为,结果表明,SS-g-P(AA/AM)/PGS吸自来水和蒸馏水的过程分别符合Fickon扩散模型和non-Fickon扩散模型。     

TEGDA改性半纤维素-AA高吸水树脂的合成及性能研究

以粘胶纤维生产过程中产生的半纤维素废碱液为基础原料,丙烯酸(AA)为接枝单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联单体,(NH4)2S2O8-Na HSO3为氧化还原引发体系,采用水溶液聚合法合成了半纤维素-AA高吸水树脂。在此基础上,引入三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TEGDA)对其进行共聚改性,合成半纤维素-AA-TEGDA高吸水树脂,考察了单体TEGDA添加量对树脂吸水率的影响,并对比分析了树脂改性前后的吸盐水率和吸水速率。此外,通过红外光谱分析及扫描电镜分析对2种树脂进行了结构表征。结果表明:TEGDA改性合成的高吸水树脂较半纤维素-AA高吸水树脂具有较高的吸水率和较快的吸水速率,吸盐水率也有所提高。     

羧甲基淀粉高吸水树脂吸水保水性能研究

羧甲基马铃薯淀粉为原料合成高吸水树脂,用扫描电镜对其表面结构进行了分析,并对其吸水性能及保水性能进行了研究。结果表明:以羧甲基淀粉为原料的高吸水树脂在溶液p H为4~10之间有较高的吸水率;在一定粒径范围内,颗粒越大,高吸水树脂吸水能力越大;该高吸水树脂高速离心的条件下具有良好的保水性能。从扫描电镜分析,该高吸水树脂表面出现了孔洞和褶皱,呈块状堆积,有利于高吸水树脂的吸水。     

微波辐射下耐盐性高吸水树脂的制备

对微波辐射下丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和凹凸棒的水溶液聚合反应进行研究,合成凹凸棒复合P(AAAM)高吸水树脂,探讨微波功率、辐射时间、单体配比、中和度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量等对高吸水性树脂吸液倍率的影响,并用红外光谱对产物的结构进行表征.合成的高吸水树脂吸水倍率迭1 580 g/g,在质量分数为0.9%的食盐水中的吸液倍率达170 g/g.     

P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂的制备及结构性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和高岭土(Kaolin)为原料,采用溶液聚合法分别制备出聚丙烯酸(PAA)高吸水树脂、聚(丙烯酸-co-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(P(AA-co-AMPS))高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试方法对其结构与性能进行表征。结果表明:Kaolin与P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂之间为物理共混;PAA高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂和P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂的吸水倍率分别为231,323,357 g/g,吸盐水倍率分别为35.6,64.1,66.4 g/g,保水率分别为51.3%,55.6%,57.9%,凝胶形变量分别为3.75,4.10,2.23 mm;树脂的吸水速率由小到大依次为PAA高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂。     

膨润土／高岭土／聚丙烯酸钠复合高吸水树脂的合成及其性能研究

室温下采用水溶液聚合法,合成了膨润土／高岭土／聚丙烯酸钠复合高吸水树脂,研究了复合粘土配比、用量对聚合反应过程以及树脂吸水（蒸馏水、盐水）、保水性能的影响。结果表明：增加复合粘土中膨润土的比例,或增大复合粘土用量,均会使聚合过程诱导时间缩短,等速期的聚合反应速率加快,树脂的吸水能力也随之增强;将两种粘土复合有利于提高树脂的起始吸水速率,饱和吸盐水倍率则和单独添加膨润土吸水材料相当;当m（高岭土）：m（膨润土）：2：1,树脂同时具有较佳的吸盐水速率和饱和吸盐水倍率;复合粘土配比对树脂的保水性能影响不明显,m（复合粘土）由5％增至40％时,树脂的保水能力先增加后降低,m（复合粘土）=10％时保水性能最优。     

微波辐射合成聚丙烯酸钠/膨润土复合高吸水树脂结构及性能研究

以膨润土(BT)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,在微波辐射下合成PAA Na/BT复合高吸水树脂,采用单因素实验法优化并确定了最高吸水倍率的合成条件,并采用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物结构及表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明,最优合成条件为：AA/BT质量比为8/1,微波辐射功率为720 W,AA中和度为80 %,交联剂N,N′亚甲基双丙烯酰胺含量为0.02 %,引发剂过硫酸钾含量为0.8 %;XRD分析表明BT层间距离增大,AA单体进入BT层间,形成交联结构;SEM分析表明复合高吸水树脂是多孔结构;该复合高吸水树脂的吸蒸馏水最高倍率是1312 g/g,吸生理盐水最高倍率是320 g/g,具有较快的吸水速率,吸水溶胀过程符合一级动力学,并具有良好的热保水性能。     

Study on superabsorbent composites. IX: Synthesis,characterization and swelling behaviors of polyacrylamide/clay composites based on various clays

A series of clay-based superabsorbent composite from acrylamide (AM) and various clays, such as attapulgite, kaolinite, mica, vermiculate and Na⁺-montmorillonite, was prepared by free-radical aqueous polymerization, using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, and then saponified with sodium hydroxide solution. In this paper, the reaction mechanism and thermal stability of the superabsorbent composites incorporated with various clays were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TGA, respectively. The effects of clay kind and clay content on equilibrium water absorbency of these composites were also investigated and compared. In addition, the influences of clay kind on comprehensive swelling behaviors of the PAM/clay superabsorbent composites were studied. The results indicated that the introduced clays could influence physicochemical properties of obtained superabsorbent composites. Mica could improve thermal stability of corresponding superabsorbent composites to the highest degree comparing with the other clays. The PAM/clay superabsorbent composites incorporated with 10 wt% clay of various kinds were all endowed with equilibrium water absorbency of more than 1300 g g⁻¹. The equilibrium water absorbency decreases with increasing clay content and correlates with the kind of clay. Attapulgite-based superabsorbent composite was endowed with higher water absorbency in univalent cationic saline solution, however, the vermiculite- and the kaolinite-based ones acquired the highest water absorbency in CaCl₂ and FeCl₃ aqueous solution, respectively. Moreover, the superabsorbent composites incorporated with Na⁺-montmorillonite have higher swelling rate and that of doped with mica was endowed with higher reswelling capability.     

GG-g-PAA/LOESS复合高吸水性树脂的制备与性能

以瓜尔胶(GG)、丙烯酸(AA)和黄土(LOESS)为原料,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了瓜尔胶接枝聚丙烯酸/黄土(GG-g-PAA/LOESS)复合高吸水性树脂。采用FTIR和SEM对其结构进行了表征,研究了LOESS的添加量对复合高吸水性树脂的溶胀能力和溶胀动力学的影响,考察了复合高吸水性树脂的保水性能、反复溶胀性以及在不同pH溶液中的吸水性能。结果表明,瓜尔胶、丙烯酸和LOESS发生了接枝共聚,体系中引入LOESS能够显著提高复合高吸水性树脂的吸水性能。当LOESS的质量分数为2%时,该树脂最高吸水倍率可达602 g/g,室温下6 d后,其保水率仍达28%,5次反复溶胀,吸水倍率仍能保持初始时的49%。此外,该复合高吸水性树脂还表现出优异的pH稳定性。     

Hydrogel composites based on linear low‐density polyethylene‐g‐poly (acrylic acid)/Kaolin or halloysite nanotubes

Two series of superabsorbent hydrogel composites were prepared using waste linear low‐density polyethylene, acrylic acid, and two types of clays including kaolin and halloysite nanotube (HNT) through emulsion polymerization. The effects of the clay content on Water absorbency were investigated to obtain a high swelling capacity. The prepared samples were characterized using FTIR, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, XRD, solid‐state ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, and ²⁹Si NMR. SEM characterization of the samples showed that the hydrogel composites have more pores and a higher swelling ratio than the clay‐free hydrogels. The hydrogel composite containing kaolin had higher water absorbency compared to the hydrogel composites with HNT. The swelling behavior of the hydrogel composite was investigated in various saline solutions. The hydrogel composite containing 5 wt % kaolin had the highest water absorbency (760 g/g in distilled water). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40101.     

海泡石接枝P(AMPS-co-AM)高吸水树脂的合成和性能

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和海泡石黏土(ST)为原料,采用微波辐射方法制备了ST接枝P(AMPS-co-AM)耐盐性高吸水性树脂,考察了海泡石用量、无机盐溶液金属离子价态和浓度对树脂吸水倍率的影响,研究了树脂的吸水速率和保水性能。用FTIR、XRD、SEM对吸水性树脂进行了表征。结果表明,树脂的吸水倍率随着无机盐溶液浓度的增加而减小,在不同价态金属离子盐溶液中,树脂的吸水倍率顺序为NaCl>CaCl2>FeCl3,在体系中适量地引入ST能显著提高树脂的吸水能力,树脂具有较快的吸水速率和良好的保水性能。FTIR和XRD表明,ST和有机单体之间发生了接枝共聚反应,部分单体插入到ST的层间形成插层型复合高吸水性树脂,SEM显示树脂具有多孔的层状结构。     

粘土/聚丙烯酸（钾）复合材料的制备及性能研究

以部分中和的丙烯酸单体为原料,分别添加海泡石、蒙脱石、凹凸棒石,采用溶液聚合法制备粘土/聚丙烯酸（钾）复合材料,并制备粘土/聚丙烯酸（钾）包膜复合肥。探讨粘土种类、添加量对复合膜材料吸水倍率的影响。采用红外光谱对复合膜材料的结构进行表征。结果显示：海泡石、凹凸棒石和蒙脱石的添加量分别在2%、5%和10%时,复合材料的吸水倍率达到最大值;包膜肥料中N、P和K均具有较好的缓释效果。     

Preparation and characterization of poly(acrylic acid)/pillared clay superabsorbent composite

Pillared clay-based superabsorbents (PILC-SA) were synthesized by using Al pillared-montmorillonite K10 and KSF via graft copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA). Swelling behavior of pillared clay-based superabsorbent films in distilled water and at different pH values were investigated at room temperature. It was also obtained that Al-KSF and Al-K10 based superabsorbents were pH dependent and showed a reversible swelling behavior. Water absorbency of Al-KSF based superabsorbent was higher than that of Al-K10 based one. SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis were conducted for further characterization of the PILC-SA. FTIR analyses lead to ester formation between PILC and SA. XRD revealed the basal spacing of the pillared clays before and after in situ incorporation indicating that the morphology of the superabsorbent was exfoliated and the layers of clay dispersed on the composite.     

Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite. I. Synthesis and characterization

A novel poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA) on attapulgite micropowder using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution. The effects on water absorbency of such factors as reaction temperature, initial monomer concentration, degree of neutralization of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and attapulgite were investigated. These crosslinked superabsorbent composites were characterized by thermogravimetetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The graft copolymerization reaction of AA on attapulgite micropowder was characterized by FTIR. The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solutions were investigated and water‐retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibited an absorption of 1017 g H₂O/g sample and 77 g H₂O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1596–1603, 2004     

魔芋接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物/凹凸棒石复合材料的制备与表征

以水溶液聚合法制备了魔芋接枝丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物/凹凸棒石复合材料。考察了魔芋用量、凹凸棒石用量、中和度、丙烯酰胺用量等因素对复合材料吸液倍率的影响,并采用FTIR,SEM对复合材料进行表征。结果表明,凹凸棒石的适量加入可以提高复合材料的吸液倍率。当魔芋用量为丙烯酸单体质量的4%、凹凸棒石用量为6%、中和度为90%、丙烯酰胺用量为20%时,制备的复合材料的吸液倍率最高。红外光谱(FTIR)表明魔芋葡甘聚糖、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺和凹凸棒石共同参与了接枝聚合反应;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明凹凸棒石与高分子复合效果良好。