Phase-mineral and chemical composition of coal fly ashes as a basis for their multicomponent utilization. 4. Characterization of heavy concentrates and improved fly ash residues

The phase-mineral and chemical composition of heavy concentrates (HCc) and improved fly ash residues (IFAs) recovered from five fly ashes (FAs) produced in four large Spanish thermo-electric power stations was characterized. The HCs were separated by sink-float separation in bromoform, while the IFAs are residues after the isolation of ceramic cenosphere, salt, magnetic, char and heavy concentrates. The HCs recovered are in the range 0.02–0.28% and their phase-mineral composition (in decreasing order of significance) commonly includes aluminosilicate glass, hematite, magnetite, larnite, quartz, periclase, mullite, corundum, lime, char, melilite, rutile, plagioclase, wollastonite, ferrian spinel, and anhydrite. Numerous accessory minerals of Ba, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, La, Mn, P, Pb, Th, Ti, Y, and Zr, are also typical components of HCs. These fractions are enriched in As, Ca, Cr, Cu, Gd, Mg, Mn, Mo, Fe, Ni, Pb, S, Se, Ti, V, Zn, and Zr in comparison with the FAs. The IFAs isolated are in the range 71.5–97.1% and their phase-mineral composition (in decresing order of significance) normally includes aluminosilicate glass, mullite, quartz, char, kaolinite, plagioclase, cristobalite, wollastonite, hematite, anhydrite, K-feldspar, melilite, and corundum. The contents of most elements in IFAs are similar to FAs as Ag, Ba, Cl, Cs, Ge, Mo, S, Sb, and Sc are significantly depleted in these residues. The IFAs have an improved composition in comparison with the FAs because they are: more homogeneous and finer-grained products; abundant in pozzolan and inert constituents; and depleted in harmful components. Some genetic features, properties, possible environmental concern, and potential utilization directions related to the HCs and IFAs are described. A basis for the advanced, multicomponent, wasteless, and environmentally safety utilization of various FAs is also discussed.     

应用ICP-MS同时测定矿泉水中22种微量金属

研究结果表明应用ICP-MS可以同时测定饮用天然矿泉水中的Li、Be、B、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ge、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sb、Ba、Pb、等微量金属元素.ICP-MS法具有快速、准确、处理简单、干扰少等优点.     

芦丁配合物的合成研究进展

芦丁及其衍生物具有广泛的药理活性。芦丁具有完整的大盯键共轭体系,强配位氧原子与合适的空间构型,可与金属离子螯合成稳定的环状配合物。研究表明：这些配合物有些具有明显的生物活性,有些药理作用显著。到目前为止,国内外共合成了31种芦丁金属配合物,其中主族元素有5个：Mg、Al、Ga、Sn和Bi;副族元素有12个：Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Y、Mo、Cd、Pt和Au;稀土元素有14个：La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu等。     

抗菌防腐剂（Ⅰ）—抗菌防腐剂的历史、定义与分类

简要回顾了抗菌防腐剂的发展历程,进一步明确了杀菌剂,抑菌剂,抗菌剂,防腐剂,防霉剂,消毒剂,杀生剂,保鲜剂,抗生素的概念。同时,结合抗菌防腐剂的发展在对抗菌防腐剂按无机物,有机物和天然物分类的基础上,进一步又按化学结构和官能团将抗菌剂分为有机金属,有机卤代物,醇,酚,醚,醛,酮,醌,酸,酯,含氮类,含硫类,有机磷,有机砷类以及杂环类等。     

Electrospun Nanofibers: Materials,Synthesis Parameters,and Their Role in Sensing Applications

Since the last decade, electrospinning is garnering more attention in the scientific research community, industries, applications like sensing (glucose, H₂O₂, dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, neurotransmitter, etc.), biomedical applications (wound dressing, wound healing, skin, nerve, bone tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems), water treatment, energy harvesting, and storage applications. This review paper provides a brief overview of the electrospinning method, history of the electrospinning, factors affecting the electrospun nanofibers, and their morphology with different materials and composites (metals, metal oxides, 2D material, polymers and copolymers, carbon-based materials, etc.) used in the electrospinning technique with optical spinning parameters. Moreover, this paper deliberates the application of electrospun nanofibers and fibrous mats for sensing (electrochemical, optical, fluorescence, colorimetric, mechanical, photoelectric, mass sensitive change, resistive, ultrasensitive, etc.) in most illustrative representations. In the end, the challenges, opportunities of the electrospun nanofibers, and new direction for future progress are also discussed.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定硝酸银中的痕量元素

感光级硝酸银样品经一系列的化学处理后,上清液采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定其中Bi,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sb,Sn,Te,Se,Zn元素的含量,本方法测定Bi,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sb,Sn,Te,Se,Zn各元素均能得到良好的标准曲线,即r=0.99~1;Cu、Cr、Ni、Sb、Sn、Mn、Te、Se的回收率较好,一般可达到95%~110%,Zn、Bi、Cd、Pb的回收率较低,经常只有50%~60%。     

Neuroprotective Effects of Psychotropic Drugs in Huntington’s Disease

Psychotropics (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, antidepressants, anxiolytics, etc.) are commonly prescribed to treat Huntington’s disease (HD). In HD preclinical models, while no psychotropic has convincingly affected huntingtin gene, HD modifying gene, or huntingtin protein expression, psychotropic neuroprotective effects include upregulated huntingtin autophagy (lithium), histone acetylation (lithium, valproate, lamotrigine), miR-222 (lithium-plus-valproate), mitochondrial protection (haloperidol, trifluoperazine, imipramine, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine, melatonin), neurogenesis (lithium, valproate, fluoxetine, sertraline), and BDNF (lithium, valproate, sertraline) and downregulated AP-1 DNA binding (lithium), p53 (lithium), huntingtin aggregation (antipsychotics, lithium), and apoptosis (trifluoperazine, loxapine, lithium, desipramine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, cyproheptadine, melatonin). In HD live mouse models, delayed disease onset (nortriptyline, melatonin), striatal preservation (haloperidol, tetrabenazine, lithium, sertraline), memory preservation (imipramine, trazodone, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine), motor improvement (tetrabenazine, lithium, valproate, imipramine, nortriptyline, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine), and extended survival (lithium, valproate, sertraline, melatonin) have been documented. Upregulated CREB binding protein (CBP; valproate, dextromethorphan) and downregulated histone deacetylase (HDAC; valproate) await demonstration in HD models. Most preclinical findings await replication and their limitations are reviewed. The most promising findings involve replicated striatal neuroprotection and phenotypic disease modification in transgenic mice for tetrabenazine and for sertraline. Clinical data consist of an uncontrolled lithium case series (n = 3) suggesting non-progression and a primarily negative double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of lamotrigine.     

氯碱下游产品建设投资分析（续完）

介绍了20种氯碱下游产品——氯甲苯、氯乙酸、环氧氯丙烷、氯化苄、环氧丙烷、聚偏氯乙烯树脂、氯化聚氯乙烯树脂、氯化聚乙烯、甲基氯硅烷、三氯氢硅、氯化法钛白粉、三氯化磷、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇、苯胺、环己酮、气相法白炭黑、甲基异丁基酮、对氨基苯酚、水合肼的市场前景、技术来源与建设投资。     

高分子材料的老化研究

本文介绍了由高分子材料老化引起的外观、物理性能、力学性能、电性能的变化;分析了引起高分子材料老化的内在因素和外在因素,例如化学结构、物理形态、立体规整性、分子量及其分布情况、金属杂质、温度、湿度、氧气、光照、化学介质、生物等;阐述了自然环境老化实验、人工加速老化实验、耐候性实验、热老化实验、湿热老化实验、臭氧老化实验、盐雾腐蚀实验、耐寒性实验、抗霉实验等老化评价方法和物理性能、力学性能、微观分析、耐久性能以及系统分析技术等老化性能评价指标;并对热老化预防措施、湿热老化预防措施、氧老化预防措施、光老化预防措施以及生物老化预防措施进行了展望。     

松油醇制备中副产物红油化学组成的研究

用气相色谱-质谱联用分析(GC-MS)对松油醇副产物红油化学组成进行了研究,结果共鉴定出30个化学成分,主要成分有蒎烯、莰烯、对伞花烃、松油烯、柠檬烯、桉叶油素、松油烯醇、小茴香醇、松油醇、龙脑、十氢-4,8,8-三甲基-9-亚甲基-1,4-亚甲基奥、石竹烯等化合物,其中的小茴香醇、十氢-1,5,5,8a-四甲基-1,2,4-亚甲基奥、1,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1,1,5,5-四甲基-,(2S)-2H-2,4a-亚甲基萘、十氢-4,8,8-三甲基-9-亚甲基-1,4-亚甲基奥、alpha-panasinsen化合物之前未见出之红油的报道。提出采用真空分馏、化学加成、低温结晶和硼酸酯化方法进行分离、提纯,以便得到蒎烯、莰烯、桉叶油素、龙脑、异龙脑、小茴香醇等化合物。     

Contamination of Soil by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Urban Areas

The contamination by 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils, sampled at a 0-5 cm depth in the urban areas of Tallinn, Helsinki, Vilnius, Chicago, London is reported. All samples were analyzed using the same protocol. The median concentrations ( w g/kg) were found to be 117, 539, 127, 3,263, 1,728 for pyrene; 62, 236, 43, 1,634, 1,652 for benzo[ a ]pyrene; 86, 304, 92, 2,295, 2,068 for benzo[ a ]pyrene toxic equivalents, calculated using the benzo[ a ]pyrene toxic equivalency factors; 467, 1,471, 392, 8,981, 6,837 for a total of seven probable human carcinogenic PAHs: benzo[ a ]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[ b ]fluoranthene, benzo[ k ]fluoranthene, benzo[ a ]pyrene, dibenz[ ah ]anthracene, indeno[1,2,3- cd ]pyrene; 911, 2,941, 672, 16,183, 13,718 for the total of 16 PAHs, recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[ a ]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[ b ]fluoranthene, benzo[ k ]fluoranthene, benzo[ a ]pyrene, dibenz[ ah ]anthracene, benzo[ ghi ]perylene, indeno[1,2,3- cd ]pyrene in Tallinn ( n = 3), Helsinki ( n = 3), Vilnius ( n = 15), Chicago ( n = 4), London ( n = 3), respectively. The size of the population is a statistically significant factor in urban soil contamination by high-molecular-mass PAHs.     

微生物源农药米尔贝霉素的应用

米尔贝霉素是微生物源杀虫杀螨剂,现已在美国和日本等43个国家和地区登记,用于防治苹果、芦笋、赤豆、芹菜、牛皮菜、樱桃、柑橘、棉花、黄瓜、茄子、醋栗、甜瓜、观赏植物、番木瓜、荷兰芹、桃子、梨、草莓、茶叶、番茄、葡萄、西瓜和山药等的害螨、斑潜蝇、蚜虫和粉虱等害虫.米尔贝霉素对具阿维菌素、有机磷农药抗性的二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨等螨类的卵及其他生长阶段虫均有较好的防效.     

Hydroperoxyditerpenoids from Octocorals

The structures, names, bioactivities, and references of 75 marine diterpenoids from octocorals possessing a hydroperoxy group, including 46 cembranes, 8 eunicellins, 5 briaranes, 5 dolabellanes, 4 germacranes, 3 xenicins, 2 caryophyllanes, 1 decalin, and 1 pseudopterosin, are summarized in this review article. All the hydroperoxyditerpenoids mentioned in this review were isolated from octocorals from Alcyonacea (Briareum excavatum, Briareum polyanthes, Briareum violaceum, Briareum sp., Cespitularia sp., Cladiella tuberculosa, Cladiella sp., Clavularia inflata, Klyxum simplex, Lemnalia sp., Lobophytum crassum, Lobophytum sp., Nephthea pacifica, Sarcophyton cherbonnieri, Sarcophyton crassocaule, Sarcophyton glaucum, Sarcophyton mililatensis, Sarcophyton trocheliophorum, Sarcophyton sp., Sinularia arborea, Sinularia erecta, Sinilaria flexibilis, Sinularia gibberosa, Sinularia manaarensis, Xenia umbellata) and Gorgonacea (Astrogorgia sp., Eunicea calyculata, Eunicea pinta, Eunicea succinea, Eunicea sp., Pseudopterogorgia sp.). Among these isolates, 41 compounds exhibited potential biomedical activities, including cytotoxicity, antimalarial activity, anti‐inflammatory activity, and antibacterial activity.     

Properties of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) films for drug‐controlled release

With bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model drug, drug‐loaded films of chitosan (CS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were obtained by a casting/solvent evaporation method and crosslinked by tripolyphosphate (TPP). The films were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The influential factors of drug‐loaded films on drug‐controlled release were studied. These factors included, primarily, the component ratio of CS and PVA, the loaded amount of BSA, the pH and ionic strength of the release solution, and the crosslinking time with TPP. The results showed that within 25 h, when the weight ratios of CS to PVA in the drug‐loaded films were 90 : 10, 70 : 30, 50 : 50, and 30 : 50, the cumulative release rates of BSA were 63.3, 72.9, 81.8, and 91.8%, respectively; when the amounts of model drug were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g, the release rates were 100, 81.8, and 59.6%, respectively; when the pH values of the drug release medium were 1.0, 3.8, 5.4, and 7.4, the release rates reached 100, 100, 37.9, and 7.8%, respectively; the cumulative release rates of BSA were 78.4, 82.3, 84.3, and 91.7% when the ionic strengths of the release solution were, respectively, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4M; when the crosslinking times of these drug films in the TPP solution were 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, the release rates attained 100, 100, 81.8, 65, and 43.3%, respectively. All the results indicated that the CS/PVA film was useful in drug delivery systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 808–813, 2005     

Some environmental factors affecting free amino acid composition in six varieties of peanuts

This study involved six Spanish type entries (five commercial varieties and a plant introduction) grown in the National Variety Tests in Oklahoma and Georgia under both irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Significant effects (Georgia vs Oklahoma) were observed on aspartic acid, proline, glycine, valine, isoleucine, peptide, ammonia, and histidine. Significant differences for irrigated vs nonirrigated in the two states for aspartic acid, threonine, proline, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, peptide, ammonia, and histidine were observed. Significant differences among the six entries were observed for glutamic acid, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, ammonia, histidine, arginine, tryptophan, and total amino acids. None of the treatments produced significant changes in measured amounts of serine, alanine, methionine, and lysine. Significant differences for Georgia vs Oklahoma and irrigated vs nonirrigated for Kjeldahl nitrogen of the whole peanut were noted. Presented at the AOCS Spring Meeting, New Orleans, May 1973. Journal paper 2636 of the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. ARS, USDA.     

NiFe2O4-M金属陶瓷惰性阳极成分设计的热力学分析

NiFe2O4-M金属陶瓷惰性阳极由氧化物陶瓷相和金属相组成.多数美国专利认为Fe,Ni,Cu,Co,Ti,Cr,Mn,Al,Pd,Ag,V,Zr,Y,La,Ta,Nb,Sc,Hf,Ca,Sn,Zn等21种金属均适合作为上述阳极的金属相成分.但文中的热力学详细分析计算结果表明:在上述前8种金属中,仅有Cu,Ni 2种适...     

Elemental analysis of nanodiamonds by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

A 68-element survey study was carried out on micro-impurities from 20 commercial nanodiamond samples from eight international manufacturers. The measurements were made using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy with detection limits for most elements below 1 ppm. Various methods of sample preparation were compared: direct introduction of suspensions, ashing with microwave-assisted acid digestion, and microwave-assisted acid extraction, and their advantages and disadvantages evaluated. The work demonstrates the feasibility of nanodiamond analysis by direct slurry nebulization, which provides a multi-element, rapid, simple, and relatively low-cost route for nanodiamond purity estimation. Most of the samples contain relatively high amounts of Fe, Na, Ca, Si, Cu, Al, S, and Ti (>100 ppm), while Pb, Zn, K, Mn, B, Cr, Mg, Mo, Sn, W, Ba, Sb, Co, and Sr are at low but significant amounts. In addition, in several samples, we found some uncommon elements like Ag, Ce, Y, Hf, Zr, and Hg. This study provides new possibilities for certifying nanodiamond purity, understanding their properties and behavior, and advancing their production technology.     

ELL型外测式液位仪在液氨储罐上的应用

ELL型外测液位计在石化、化工、油库、石油、电力、液体储运、医药及特殊行业内的使用,安全、环保、方便、经济、耐用、可靠、精确,和其他类型的液位计进行了性能进行比较,通过使用外测液位计,解决了青海碱业有限公司液氨储罐经常出现液位波动、不稳定、误差大等液位测量问题。     

Experimental technology for manufacturing ceramic articles

The production of ceramic articles includes five principal operations, namely, preparation of the powder, pressing of the preform, its treatment, sintering, and grinding. If it is necessary to increase the adaptability to manufacture and improve the physicomechanical properties of the sintered material, the operations of hydrostatic treatment of the powder, preliminary sintering of the preforms, repeated mechanical treatment, etc. can be added. The technology is used for manufacturing the working part of cutting tools, dies, tools for shaping alloys of nonferrous metals, bearings, hinges, valves, ball locks, nozzles of hydromonitors, parts of pressing molds, lining parts, milling bodies, etc.Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 6, pp. 25 – 27, June, 1996.     

谈谈化学实验中的安全问题

化学实验具有一定的危险性,在实验中,要经常接触浓酸、强碱,金属钾、钠,苯酚,白磷等试剂,以及各种气体、蒸汽、烟雾、粉尘等,这些物质对人体有的是有毒有害,有的甚至是剧毒,实验中还会偶然发生烧伤,炸伤、烫伤、割伤等事故,不但危及人身安全,而且可能严重致残而造成终身不幸,所以在进行化学实验时,一定要注意安全问题,这既是从事化学实验应重视的问题,也是对社会应付的责任。