Cu2O/rGO复合材料修饰阴极强化MFC产电脱氮性能及其机理

微生物燃料电池(MFC)在处理含硝酸盐(NO_3^--N)废水时具有同时产电和脱氮的潜力,寻找成本低且改善其产电脱氮性能的阴极修饰材料是MFC在含氮废水处理领域应用的关键。氧化亚铜/还原氧化石墨烯(Cu₂O/rGO)复合材料具有良好的电化学性能,在替代铂基材料提高MFC性能方面具有一定的应用前景。本研究通过还原法制备了Cu₂O/rGO复合材料,并对材料的结构和氧还原性能进行表征；同时,将其负载于阴极碳布后分析其电化学性能,并通过MFC的输出电压、功率密度和NO_3^--N的去除率探究Cu₂O/rGO阴极对MFC产电和脱氮性能的强化作用；通过对反硝化相关酶活性和胞外聚合物的测定,探究Cu₂O/rGO阴极强化MFC性能的机理。结果表明：Cu₂O/rGO复合材料具有大量的介孔结构,能够为电子传递提供更多的通道,并且Cu₂O/rGO复合材料具有良好的氧化还原可逆性；与Pt/C阴极相比,Cu₂O/rGO阴极的交换电流密度升高33.53%,电子转移阻力降低65.53%；Cu₂O/rGO-MFC在处理NO_3^-N废水时获得的最大平均输出电压(662.54 mV)、最大功率密度(26.27 mW/cm^₂)、平均库伦效率(32.02%)和NO_3^--N去除速率(83.33 mg NO_3^--N L/h)均高于Pt/C-MFC(485.33 mV,16.98 mW/cm^₂,7.38%,41.67 mg NO_3^--N L/h)；Cu₂O/rGO复合材料通过提高MFC阴极反硝化关键酶活性和类蛋白组分含量,改善了MFC的产电和脱氮性能。     

含磷聚硅氧烷涂覆涤纶织物的结构与性能研究

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷、硅溶胶为成膜剂,磷酸酯M102B为阻燃剂,采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备含磷聚硅氧烷阻燃涂层剂,用于涤纶织物的表面涂覆处理,并对阻燃涤纶织物的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明:随着涂层剂涂覆量的增加,织物的阻燃性能提高,但织物的柔软性能和手感下降;当涂覆量为50.79 g/m2时,涤纶织物的续燃时间为3.7 s,损毁长度为3.5 cm,达到一级阻燃效果;经涂层剂整理的涤纶织物耐水洗性优良,洗涤20次后仍具有一级阻燃效果;涂层剂对涤纶的化学结构、热稳定性及力学性能影响不大。     

真空氧等离子体表面改性涤纶织物研究

采用真空氧等离子体对涤纶织物进行表面改性,探讨不同处理压强、处理时间下织物润湿性能和分散染料染色性能的变化。使用X射线光电子能谱技术研究了织物表面处理前后化学组成及元素含量的变化,利用扫描电子显微镜表征了处理后织物表面形貌的变化。结果表明:真空氧等离子体处理后的涤纶织物表面氧元素的含量从24.1%上升到40.7%,表面粗糙程度提高;同时织物的润湿性能提高,润湿时间由1680s下降到51s;等离子体处理后涤纶织物的分散染料染色性能改善,其表面深度值由12.3增加为15.6,透湿量由2941g/(m~2·d)增加为3282g/(m~2·d)。     

阻燃涤纶纺丝技术

探讨了磷系阻燃涤纶的生产工艺。试验表明 :采用含水率在 30μg/ g以下的阻燃切片 ,选择纺丝温度 2 70℃和纺丝速度 2 80 0 m / m in,合适的组件过滤砂配方、喷丝板孔径及纺丝冷却条件 ,可制得性能优良的阻燃 POY,所加工的 DTY织物的极限氧指数达 35 .2 %     

聚乙烯醇/淀粉/凤仙透骨草提取物复合膜制备及性能

以聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)、淀粉(Starch,ST)为原料,凤仙透骨草提取物(Impatiens balsamina extract,IBE)为抗菌剂,通过共混法制备抗菌复合膜,通过FTIR、XRD、SEM和热重分析对复合膜的形貌和结构进行表征及对力学、光学、阻隔、抑菌等性能测试分析。结果表明,IBE与PVA/ST基膜复合良好,制备的PVA/ST/IBE抗菌复合膜对大肠杆菌、白色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌具有良好的抑菌作用,抑菌性能随着IBE含量的增加而逐渐提高；同时具有良好的力学强度,IBE添加量为12.5 mL的复合膜拉伸强度达到22.97±0.68 MPa,断裂伸长率相比PVA/ST基膜提升了79.22%；透明度有所下降,透光率下降了11.90%；氧气阻隔性能良好,氧气透过系数为1.771±0.196×10_-12 ^cm₃^.cm/(cm₂^.s.Pa),在环保包装、食品保鲜等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

石墨烯柔性导电涤纶织物的制备与性能

用乙二胺(EDA)和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性,得到氨基化改性涤纶。将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯(GO)溶液,涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用SEM和Raman光谱对导电涤纶织物进行表征,并对其耐洗和耐摩擦性能进行了测试。结果表明,涤纶织物经150 mL EDA/L浴液和50 g/L氢氧化钠改性后对GO的吸附能力增强,织物导电性增加;改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺条件为:GO溶液质量浓度为2 g/L,pH=6,6 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60 min。在该条件下,织物上GO能够被较充分还原,改性涤纶的表面电阻值为14.575kΩ。SEM结果表明,未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑,经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜;Raman光谱证实涤纶织物表面沉积了RGO,且织物上的GO被较充分还原。     

CaCl2调节银杏果分离蛋白/果胶凝胶质构特性

将CaCl₂加入质量浓度分别为120 g/L银杏果分离蛋白及5.0 g/L果胶(两种酯化度,分别为38%和76%)的复合溶液中,使钙离子最终质量浓度分别0.05 g/L、0.11 g/L和0.22 g/L,基于此复合溶液制备热诱导复合凝胶。采用粒径和ζ-电位法、流变学及质构学、蛋白凝胶电泳技术、红外光谱和扫描电镜技术表征成胶分子物化性质、成胶性过程及复合凝胶功能性和微观结构,以探讨Ca₂₊^对蛋白/果胶复合物胶凝性影响及其潜在的机制。结果表明,Ca₂₊^{降低成胶复合物大小但不改变复合物的带电量}；降低热诱导凝胶流变学特性,形成结构松散的复合凝胶；进而弱化凝胶质构特性但对其持水性无显著影响。Ca₂₊^{破坏蛋白与果胶间的作用},竞争性地与果胶结合。随着Ca₂₊^浓度增加,以上效应越为显著。相比之下,高酯化度果胶比低酯化度果胶对Ca₂₊^{更为敏感。}     

石墨烯柔性导电改性涤纶织物的制备与性能

采用乙二胺（EDA）和氢氧化钠对涤纶织物进行改性，获得氨基化改性涤纶，再将改性涤纶浸渍氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液，涤纶表面的GO还原成还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）后得到具有导电性能的涤纶织物。采用扫描电镜（SEM）对导电涤纶进行表征，并进行耐洗和耐摩擦性能测试。研究结果表明，涤纶织物经EDA改性后对GO的吸附能力增强，织物导电性增加；改性涤纶的最佳导电整理工艺为GO溶液pH值6，5 g/L保险粉在95℃还原60min可使织物上GO较充分还原，改性涤纶织物的导电性随GO浓度的增大、还原温度的增加和还原时间的延长而增强，当GO为2g/L时，改性涤纶的表面电阻值降低至14.575 KΩ/cm。由SEM结果可知未经改性的涤纶织物表面光滑，经导电整理后织物表面覆盖一层石墨烯薄膜。     

细菌纤维素/碳纳米管/MnO2复合超级电容器电极

基于细菌纤维素(BC)的三维多孔及柔性支架结构和碳纳米管(MWCNT)的优良导电性,构筑起BC/MWCNT自支撑导电基底。其中,二者通过氢键紧密结合,协同赋予复合基底优良的电导率和机械性能。然后将二氧化锰(MnO₂)电沉积在该基底上,构建了一种新型的BC/MWCNT/MnO₂薄膜电极。BC/MWCNT复合膜的多孔结构、电解质吸收特性及蜂窝状活性MnO₂纳米片的桥连结构,赋予其出色的电化学性能(在1 mA cm_-2^{的电流密度下},其面积比电容和质量比电容分别达到1.17 F cm_-2^和200 F g_-1⁾和显著的循环稳定性(在20 mA cm_-2^{的电流密度下进行}10000次循环后,其比电容保留率稳定在96%)。这种无粘合剂的薄膜电极制备简便且成本低廉,在开发柔性储能器件方面具有巨大潜力。关键词：细菌纤维素(BC)；碳纳米管(MWCNT)；二氧化锰(MnO₂)；膜电极；电化学性能中图分类号：TQ630 文献标识码： A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 01-0000-00     

膨胀型阻燃剂对含磷阻燃PET性能的影响

以三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯(THEIC)和精对苯二甲酸(PTA)为原料合成三(2-羟乙基)异氰脲酸对苯二甲酸酯(T-ester),将T-ester与聚磷酸铵(APP)复配后形成一种新型膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR),与含磷阻燃聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(FRPET)进行熔融共混,研究了IFR对FRPET性能的影响。结果表明:所合成的Tester经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征为目标产物;在固定APP与T-ester的质量比为17∶3时,随着IFR添加量的增加,FRPET的热分解温度降低,残炭量增加,烟雾释放速率和释放量降低;当IFR质量分数达到25%时,FRPET/IFR共混物在700℃的残炭率由纯FRPET的9.2%增加到24%,极限氧指数由24%~25%提高到32%~33%,1 min内熔滴数目也由44滴降至26滴。     

A facile one‐step synthesis of flame‐retardant coatings on cotton fabric via ultrasound irradiation

This article reports a facile one‐step methodology to increase fire resistance properties of cotton fabric. The flame‐retardant coating for cotton fabric was synthesized with methyltriethoxysilane and organophosphates (M102B) through an ultrasound irradiation process. The coating structure and surface morphology of uncoated and coated fabrics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The flame‐retardant properties, bending modulus, air permeability and thermal stability were studied by vertical burning test, cantilever method, air permeability test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As a result, the cotton fabric coated with 29.2% (mass increased) of flame‐retardant coating was able to balance the flame retardant property and wearing comfort of the fabrics. The TGA results showed that the residue char of cotton was greatly enhanced after treatment with the coating, which has a high char forming effect on cellulose during testing. Furthermore, flame‐retardant property of coated fabrics did not change significantly after 10 washing cycles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45114.     

涤纶汽车座椅面料阻燃工艺的优化

分析了阻燃剂FR-510质量浓度、烘焙温度、烘焙时间对涤纶织物阻燃性能的影响,确定了最优工艺条件:阻燃剂质量浓度100 g/L、焙烘温度150℃、焙烘时间3 min。在此工艺条件下对涤纶织物进行整理,并进行耐水洗和耐摩擦性能测试,研究结果表明:当阻燃涤纶含量为50%时,交织物的阻燃性能最优,耐水洗和耐摩擦性能也满足使用要求,适合用于汽车座椅面料。     

阻燃聚酯切片及短纤维的开发和性能

阐述了磷系阻燃聚酯切片的制备过程,研究了切片的物化性能、结晶性能、热稳定性及可纺性,并将阻燃聚酯短纤维织成织物进行阻燃性测试。结果表明,该阻燃聚酯切片物理指标与普通聚酯切片相当,可纺性良好,短纤维的后加工性能良好,阻燃聚酯纤维和织物的极限氧指数均可达34%,具有广阔的应用领域。     

Simultaneously Improving the Thermal,Flame‐Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by a Novel Multi‐Element Synergistic Flame Retardant

To obtain epoxy resins with satisfactory thermal, flame retardant, and mechanical properties, a novel multi‐element synergistic flame retardant (PPVSZ) is synthesized through the reaction between P? H of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and C?C of polysilazane (PVSZ) and utilized as a multi‐element synergistic flame retardant for epoxy resins. The flame retardant mechanism is explored by XPS and SEM, confirming that the excellent flame‐retardance efficiency owes itself to an optimal flame retardant way which jointly exerts the flame‐retardant effects in the gaseous and condensed phase. The thermal properties deduced from DSC, TGA, and DMA, indicate the glass transition temperature, maximum weight loss rate, and char yields at 700 °C for EP‐2 increase by about 5.0 °C, 8.4 °C and 8.8%, respectively. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength are also increased by 45.38%, 14.16%, and 17.43%, respectively, which show that the incorporation of PPVSZ does not deteriorate the mechanical properties of modified resin. All the results demonstrate that epoxy resins modified by PPVSZ not only have good effect on the flame retardance, but also have good improvement on thermal and mechanical properties, indicating the potential for applications in many fields requiring fire safety.     

Polyimide-coated fabrics with multifunctional properties: Flame retardant,UV protective,and water proof

Multifunctional technical textiles are of great interest both by industry and academia and these products are considered as high value-added products that contribute to the economies of countries. In this study, polyamic acid (PAA) was synthesized through polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) at low temperature. Then, PAA was coated onto woven cotton and polyester fabric by padding technique. Finally, polyimide (PI)-coated multifunctional cotton and polyester fabrics were obtained by an easy coating technique and low-temperature imidization. Thus, low cost, easily accessible and widely used cotton and polyester fabrics were converted to high-performance textile products, which are flame retardant, UV protective, acid resistant, and waterproof. The chemical, thermal, morphological, optical, mechanical, wettability, chemical resistance, and flame retardancy properties of developed fabrics were investigated. Optical results showed that both PI-coated cotton and polyester fabrics are UV-A protective compared to noncoated fabrics. Moreover, PI-coated samples have high contact angles which are 111.43° and 113.40° for PI-coated cotton (PI-c-C) and PI-coated polyester (PI-c-PET), respectively. Young's modulus of PI-c-PET fabrics increased four times more than noncoated polyester fabric. PI coating changed the burning behavior of both cotton and polyester fabrics in a positive way. All the test results showed that these developed multifunctional textile products might find an application in different industrial areas such as automotive, aerospace, protective clothing, and so on due to easy and inexpensive production techniques and also superior properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47616.     

Aging studies on flame retardant treated lignocellulosic fibers

The study deals with chemical and flame retardant (FR) treatment of flax fabric. Sheets of flax fabric were subjected to chemical treatments using NaOH and silane coupling agents. A phosphate‐based flame retardant (DAP) was also applied to improve the flammability of the fabric. The effects of the chemical treatments and FR treatments on flax fabric were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vertical flame resistance test. Aging studies were carried out by exposing the samples in an environmental chamber at specified conditions for two weeks. The mechanical properties of the fabric, before and after environmental aging, were investigated. Flammability of flax fabric was improved after FR treatment. Thermal studies revealed a shift of decomposition temperature to lower temperatures and an increase in char residue after FR treatment. Despite treatment of the fabric with NaOH and silane, the tensile strength of FR‐treated flax fabric declined by more than 90% after aging for two weeks at 90 °C and 50% RH. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44175.     

硅-磷阻燃剂对涤纶织物的阻燃研究

采用极限氧指数法（LOI）、垂直燃烧法等手段研究甲基三甲氧基硅烷包覆聚磷酸铵的协同阻燃剂,与水性聚氨酯组成阻燃涂层剂,对涤纶织物的阻燃效果。结果表明：甲基三甲氧基硅烷和聚磷酸铵配比为2：1,阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯配比为1：2,阻燃剂质量浓度为160g／L,烘焙温度为180℃,烘焙时间为120s,阻燃涤纶织物的极限氧指数为44．3％,损毁长度为29mm,阴燃时间和续燃时间均为0,达到GB20286-2006标准中的阻燃1级。     

A novel blowing agent polyelectrolyte for fabricating intumescent multilayer coating that retards fire on cotton fabric

Sulfonated melamine‐formaldehyde (SMF) resin was successfully synthesized with a mixture of formaldehyde, melamine, and NaHSO₃ in an aqueous solution. Then the SMF was used as the blowing agent to combine with chitosan and phytic acid for fabricating the intumescent flame retardant coating on the surface of the cotton fabric by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembled technology. As characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the (chitosan/SMF + phytic acid)_n coating was successfully deposited on the surfaces of cotton fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis results exhibited that the thermal stabilities of coated cotton fabrics under nitrogen and air atmosphere were enhanced at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 °C compared with pure cotton fabric. At 700 °C, the char residues of cotton‐5BL and cotton‐10BL under a nitrogen atmosphere were improved 25.9 and 32 wt % than that of pure cotton fabric, respectively. In the vertical flame test, the self‐extinguishing could be obtained for the cotton‐10BL sample. This work first utilized SMF as negative polyelectrolyte to fabricate intumescent flame retardant coating by LbL self‐assembled technology on cotton fabric to strengthen its thermal stability and flame resistance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46583.     

双层涤纶汽车座套面料的阻燃性能研究

选用不同比例的阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶长丝,设计织造了8种双层小提花织物,同时对织物进行了阻燃性能测试。结果表明:1#织物为最优织物,其采用接结双层组织,表里层为质量比1∶1的阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶,织物中使用的阻燃涤纶比例高,阻燃涤纶覆盖率系数大,织物的烫穿时间长,阻燃效果好。与纯阻燃涤纶织物相比,1#织物不仅达到了相同的阻燃效果,还减少了阻燃涤纶的使用量,节约了成本。设计织造的8种织物的阻燃性能均达到汽车用纺织品的阻燃要求,可以供企业在大生产中应用。     

Preparation of alginate flame retardant containing P and Si and its flame retardancy in epoxy resin

In the present paper, a novel biomass flame retardant based on alginic acid was synthesized through chemical combination with a reactive P–Si compound. Compared with alginates, the modified alginate showed obviously increased thermal stability and water resisting property, as well as better compatibility with epoxy resin, which can satisfy the requirements of a flame‐retardant additive in the polymer. The flame‐retardant properties were evaluated by vertical burning tests, limiting oxygen index, and microscale combustion calorimetry. Due to the self‐charring capacity of alginate combined with the charring catalyst from P and the charring reinforcer from Si, the modified alginate exhibited much better flame retardancy, taking advantage of the formation of a more continuous, denser, and strengthened char layer than either individual alginate or P–Si flame retardant. The corresponding flame‐retardant mechanisms were investigated and discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45552.