不同含量Ce对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的结构和性能的影响

采用固溶型Ti(C,N)、Mo2C、WC、Co、Ni、Ce作为原料粉末,通过粉末冶金真空液相烧结Ce改性的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料,并对金属陶瓷复合材料的微观形貌和性能进行分析。研究结果表明,添加稀土Ce后,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的硬质相变得细小且均匀,微观组织中的空隙和缺陷也减少了;随着Ce含量的增加,金属陶瓷材料的维氏硬度、抗弯强度以及断裂韧性均呈现出先增大后逐渐减小的趋势,当Ce的含量增加到0.5 wt%时,金属陶瓷材料的维氏硬度、抗弯强度以及断裂韧性达到最佳,分别为102.3 HRA、902.2 MPa、11.5 MPa·m1/2。     

碳化钛粒径对碳氮化钛基金属陶瓷微观结构和力学性能的影响

用粉末冶金真空烧结法制备了超细晶粒碳氮化钛[Ti(C,N)]基金属陶瓷.研究了原始粉末粒径对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:在化学成分相同的条件下,晶粒细化使材料的Vickers硬度和抗弯强度上升,但断裂韧性有所下降.在超细晶粒Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织中出现了一种新型的白芯/灰壳结构和一种特殊化合物(Ni2Mo2.5W1.3)Cx.初步研究表明:由于原始粉末粒径微小,促进了扩散反应因而生成了这种芯/壳结构.芯/壳结构有利于提高材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性.(Ni2Mo2.5W1.3)Cx有利于提高材料的Vickers硬度,但是降低了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗弯强度和断裂韧性.     

ZrO2含量对Al2O3／Ti（C，N）／ZrO2纳微米复合陶瓷工模具材料力学性能和微观结构的影响

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3／Ti（C,N）／ZrO2纳微米复合陶瓷工模具材料。用扫描电镜观察了其断口形貌和微观结构。分析了纳米ZrO2含量对复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：当ZrO2体积分数为10％时,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性、硬度分别达到625MPa、8．58MPa·m^1/2。和16．37GPa。     

Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷的制备与性能研究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备了Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷复合材料。借助于SEM和XRD分别分析了其显微结构和组分,并测试了其力学性能和相对密度。实验结果表明：其晶粒较细、均匀,具有明显的黑芯-灰壳结构,气孔较少,致密度较高。断裂机理主要是沿晶断裂,部分为混合型断裂（穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂）。金属相存在着明显的撕裂棱。其维氏硬度22．74GPa,断裂韧性10．1MPa·m^1／2,抗弯强度1192．83MPa,相对密度达到了99．12％。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷氧化后的显微结构与力学性能

研究了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的高温抗氧化性能。采用X R D、SEM分析了样品氧化后的物相组成及显微结构,并测试了试样氧化前后的抗弯强度和维氏硬度。实验结果表明:Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在800℃时氧化不明显,但抗弯强度开始下降;样品在900℃时开始剧烈氧化,材料的抗弯强度呈现明显的下降趋势,试样氧化前后的硬度变化较小。随着氧化温度的升高,氧化层厚度明显增加,Ti(C,N)被氧化变成TiO 2。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结工艺的现状及进展

介绍了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的性能,主要综述了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷在高速刀具的应用和制备工艺的基本原理。着重讨论了各种烧结工艺的优缺点,并展望了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷未来的发展方向。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能研究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备三种不同掺杂的Ti（C,N）基金属陶瓷。借助于SEM分析了其显微结构,并测试了其力学性能和相对密度。实验结果表明：配方41.2wt%TiC-10wt%TiN-14wt%（Ni＋Co）-12wt%Mo2C-15wt%WC-6wt%TaC-0.8wt%Cr2C3-1wt%C的金属陶瓷综合性能最好,晶粒较细、均匀,具有明显的黑芯-灰壳结构;气孔较少,致密度较高。断裂机理主要是沿晶断裂,部分为混合型断裂（穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂）。金属相存在着明显的撕裂棱。其维氏硬度为12.5GPa,断裂韧性为8.9MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1286MPa,相对密度达到了99.2%。     

机械合金化Fe基预合金粉末对金刚石刀头性能的影响

探索了Fe-Cu-Ni-X(X=W、Mo、Ti、C、B4C)系粉末的机械合金化工艺,及其对热压烧结金刚石刀头强度和硬度的影响.发现干法球磨20小时可以得到15μm的预合金粉末,除W、B4C之外,其它元素均可固溶入Fe中；经930℃热压烧结后,Cu又从Fe中析出,同时形成WC等硬质相；B4C可能在球磨过程中产生了部分非晶化,经高温烧结后又恢复了结晶态,B4C并未与W、Mo、Ti等合金元素反应形成金属硼化物；将80vol％机械合金化预合金粉末与20vol％的45/50#镀Ti金刚石颗粒均匀混合后,进行930℃热压烧结,随着B4C含量增加,金刚石刀头的硬度逐渐增大,而抗弯强度在1％ B4C时达到最高值949MPa,硬度为HRB120.7.     

轻质碳化硼复合材料的制备工艺及性能研究

本研究以B4C、Si C、Ti C、C等为原料,经过喷雾干燥工艺造粒,采用无压烧结制备了轻质碳化硼复合材料。探讨了浆料中不同料水比对碳化硼造粒料的影响,测试了碳化硼烧结体的相关性能,并借助SEM对烧结体进行断口形貌观察。实验结果表明:当料水比为1:1.5时,料浆经过喷雾干燥工艺制粒,可制得颗粒表面形貌近似为圆形的碳化硼混合造粒料,所压素坯经过无压烧结,制得了结构致密,组织均匀,力学性能优良的轻质碳化硼复合材料。其体积密度为2.53 g/cm3、相对密度为97.76%、维氏硬度为25.5GPa、抗弯强度为437 MPa、断裂韧性为5.24 MPa·m-1/2。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷氮化处理后的表面组织结构及形成机理

对Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷进行了表面氮化处理。用SEM，EPMA，TEM／EDX分析了材料表面显微组织的特征。研究发现，材料表面形成了富N、富Ti的相，它们包覆在硬质颗粒的表面。硬质颗粒周围的环形相的体积分数大大减少。晶粒尺寸也明显减小。紧邻表面硬化层，出现了一层金属粘接相含量较高的过渡层。表面氮化处理使Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷的表面硬度得到明显的提高，而基本上不影响其抗弯强度。表面较高的-N的活度是促使各合金元素扩散，形成上述特征组织的驱动力。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

剪力对梁变形影响的分析

本文用材料力学的分析方法,导出了一个计入剪力时梁的挠曲线的微分方程式。为了估计剪力对梁变形的影响,在集中力作用下梁内剪力用一个单值连续的反三角函数表示。由能量法确定了截面因子数值之后,定量地给出计入剪力时梁变形的分析结果。其结果和弹性力学的结来是一致的。