沥青炭纤维的应用实例

文章作者通过炭纤维复合材料工作经验及相关专业资料,概括了几种沥青炭纤维可以借鉴的具体应用实例,即导电母粒、导电涂料、导电纸、发热电缆、防辐射服。     

高填料、超厚防辐射屏蔽材料的研制

以富氢聚乙烯为基材,通过加入高填充量的中子吸收剂--硼化合物来制备高填料、超厚防辐射屏蔽材料。研究了聚乙烯熔体流动速率、碳化硼及氧化钆含量对防辐射屏蔽材料力学性能和屏蔽性能的影响,并探讨不同成型工艺对材料性表观性能的影响。结果表明,选用高熔体流动速率的高压低密度聚乙烯粉料及同等粒径的硼化合物作为填料,通过工艺条件设置和模具改进,能够制备出力学性能优异、内外观质量俱佳的高填料、超厚防辐射屏蔽材料,其中子屏蔽（削弱）系数大于6,伽玛屏蔽（削弱）系数大于8。     

防辐射无机玻璃性能研究

核科学技术在国防、医学、工业、农业和科研等领域的应用日益广泛,各种辐射如X射线、γ射线和中子辐射对人体、环境、仪器设备等有很大的危害,并引起国际辐射防护领域的极大关注.透明防辐射玻璃是防辐射材料的重要研究方向之一,本文采用熔融浇注法制备了透明防辐射无机玻璃,对其γ射线和中子辐射的防护能力进行了表征,同时对玻璃透过率、软化点等性能进行了表征.结果显示该防辐射无机玻璃对γ射线和中子辐射具有良好的防护能力,且透过率较高,热稳定性和耐热性能好.由于该防辐射无机玻璃综合性能良好,在辐射防护领域有良好的应用前景.     

江苏市场监管局抽查纺织品合格率94%

正2020年一季度,江苏省市场监管局组织对毛巾、女式内衣、针织内衣、防辐射服4种纺织品质量进行了监督抽查。抽查结果已于近日公布,产品合格率为94%,但"纤维含量"是硬伤。本次共抽查毛巾、女式内衣、针织内衣、防辐射服等4种纺织品420批次,合格395批次,合格率为94%。其中,在实体店购样平均合格率为93.4%,电商平台购样平均合格率为95.2%。     

高性能塑料薄膜制备方法及改性研究进展

概述了6种高性能树脂——聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、聚苯硫醚（PPS）、液晶聚合物（LCP）、聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）、聚砜（PSF）和聚酰亚胺（PI）等的性能及应用,详细介绍了以这6种高性能树脂分别为原料制备高性能薄膜的方法（挤出吹塑法、挤出流延法、溶液流延法等）和改性方法,最后对不同高性能薄膜的应用进行了讨论和展望。     

微乳液聚合法含铅防辐射有机玻璃的制备

本文简要探讨了微乳液聚合法制备放辐射含铅有机玻璃的方法及其制备工艺，通过绘制不同体系拟三元相图，确定反应体系，成功将铅盐引入微乳体系，制备了含铅防辐射有机玻璃。结果表明，用微乳聚合制备的含铅防辐射有机玻璃具有较好的防辐射性能其它良好的性能表征。     

三种方法制备PS用硬酯酸锌的性能比较简

比较了三种不同方法（湿法、干法、压力法）制造的聚苯乙烯（PS）造粒用硬酯酸锌（Znst）的质量指标和应用性能（与乙苯的相容性及在苯乙烯中的沉淀性）,在3种方法制造的ZnSt中,以压力法制造的应用性能最佳.     

防辐射粘胶短纤维的研制及性能分析

采用纺前注射技术在粘胶原液中添加硫酸钡乳液浆料纺制防辐射粘胶短纤维,试验条件下,纺丝可纺性较好,并对不同添加量的防辐射粘胶短纤维的形态结构、物理机械性能、成形过程中的流失量、防辐射性能以及结晶结构等进行了分析。结果表明:防辐射粘胶短纤维的物理机械性能良好,硫酸钡在纤维内部分布均匀,流失量较小。在一定范围内,随着硫酸钡含量的增加,纤维结晶度越大,防辐射性能越好。     

21世纪的玻璃在环保领域的开发应用(连载四)——表面改性玻璃在环保领域的研发

介绍了当今人们较为关注的玻璃与环保息息相关的新品开发和其环保节能功效,简要阐述了近年来我国与环保节能工程相关的玻璃产品研发与推广应用状况、几种不同类型环保类玻璃的生产工艺及特性。同时还介绍了其中节能的低辐射（Low-E）膜玻璃产品的生产、发展状况;这对大力发展环境工程玻璃、节能工程玻璃、防辐射工程玻璃、防腐蚀工程玻璃、防污染工程玻璃等产品仍然有其一定的研发意义和参考价值。     

21世纪的玻璃在环保领域的开发应用(连载二)——表面改性玻璃在环保领域的研发

介绍了当今人们较为关注的玻璃与环保息息相关的新品开发和其环保节能功效,简要阐述了近年来我国与环保节能工程相关的玻璃产品研发与推广应用状况、几种不同类型环保类玻璃的生产工艺及特性。同时还介绍了其中节能的低辐射（Low—E）膜玻璃产品的生产、发展状况;这对大力发展环境工程玻璃、节能工程玻璃、防辐射工程玻璃、防腐蚀工程玻璃、防污染工程玻璃等产品仍然有其一定的研发意义和参考价值。     

High loading boron nitride chemically bonded with silicone rubber to enhance thermal neutron shielding and flexibility of polymer nanocomposites

Flexible materials with excellent radiation shielding and flexibility are essential to the personal protective equipments (PPEs) for protecting workers from nuclear radiations. However, it is an enormous challenge to obtain the desired materials since high loading filler in polymer nanocomposites usually promotes radiation shielding while restrains its flexibility. Here, a facile “thiol-ene click” means is applied to chemically bond high loading boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles with silicone rubber (SR) in SR/BN nanocomposites for thermal neutron shielding. Uniform dispersion of BN nanoparticles and good compatibility of interfaces in the nanocomposites with high loading filler lead to increased flexibility instead of decrease. In particular, the nanocomposite with 40 wt% BN displays 911% of elongation at break that is about 50% enhancement to that of neat SR. Furthermore, higher loading BN in the nanocomposites means better thermal neutron shielding. Namely, enhanced thermal neutron shielding and flexibility is achieved at SR/BN nanocomposite with 40 wt% BN. The present work provides a facile strategy towards superior integrated performance of flexible materials for radiation shielding, such as wearable devices.     

辐射防护材料的研究进展

简述了核辐射中各种高能粒子的特点,提出了核辐射防护的主要目标。详述了X射线、γ射线及中子屏蔽材料的屏蔽机制、材料设计方法及研究进展。最后,指出了核辐射防护材料的发展方向:屏蔽性能与其他各性能之间的结合,重、轻元素的配合以及模拟方法的应用。     

Polymer nanocomposite‐based shielding against diagnostic X‐rays

Lead is commonly used in medical radiology departments as a shielding material. Lead‐based protective materials are also used by clinical personnel during X‐ray image‐guided interventional radiology (IVR) procedures. However, lead is extremely toxic and prolonged exposure to it can result in serious health concerns. Polymer composites, on the other hand, can be designed to be lead‐free in addition to being lightweight, conformable, cost effective, and potentially capable of significantly attenuating X‐rays. Nanomaterials have unique material properties that can be exploited to develop novel lead‐free radiation‐protection materials. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites were fabricated using different weight percentages (wt %) of bismuth oxide (BO) nanopowder. The attenuation properties of the nanocomposites were characterized using diagnostic X‐ray energies from 40 to 150 kV tube potential and were compared to the attenuation characteristics of 0.25‐mm‐thick pure lead sheet. The PDMS/BO nanocomposite (44.44 wt% of BO and 3.73‐mm thick) was capable of attenuating all the scattered X‐rays generated at a tube potential of 60 kV, which is the beam energy commonly employed in IVR. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013     

聚乳酸基油水分离材料研究进展

介绍了具有超疏水⁃超亲油和可生物降解特性的新型聚乳酸（PLA）油水分离材料,并对比分析了纯PLA和PLA基油水分离材料材料的研究和应用现状,得出利用PLA作为主原料或基体材料制备油水分离薄膜,不仅可以达到理想的油水分离效果,并且经过后处理后还可以多次循环使用,是目前理想的油水分离材料之一。最后,对PLA在油水分离应用领域的发展方向提出了建议。     

A novel process for making radiopaque materials using bauxite—Red mud

Red mud, which is an aluminum industry waste, has been utilized¹ for making X-ray radiation-shielding materials. A novel method for making radiation shielding materials utilizing red mud and barium compound has been developed by ceramic processing route using phosphate bonding. The red mud based shielding materials (RMSM) are characterized for their X-ray attenuation characteristics. The shielding, i.e. half value thickness (HVT) for different energies of X-ray photons for RMSM have been computed and compared with conventionally used shielding materials namely concrete and lead, it is found that the (HVT) of the red mud based shielding materials, in comparison to concrete, is significantly very less for the various energies of X-ray photons.The X-ray powder diffraction studies confirmed the presence of celsian, bafertiste and iron titanium oxide as the major shielding phases in the RMSM. Scanning electron microphotographs have revealed the compacted and continued integrated morphological characteristics of the various shielding phases in the matrix of shielding materials. The mechanical properties namely compressive strength and impact strength evaluation test showed that RMSM meets the standard specifications laid down for radiation shielding concrete and ceramic tiles. Based on the above studies, it is found that RMSM, can preferably be used for the construction of X-ray diagnostic and CT scanner room to provide adequate shielding against X-ray photons.     

电磁屏蔽织物的研究现状及开发趋势

针对金属纤维混纺交织织物、金属镀层织物、金属离子接枝织物、纳米吸波织物等电磁屏蔽织物,介绍其制备方法、性能特点、应用领域及研究现状,结合目前国内外的研究现状,认为研究多功能复合防护织物和高吸收型电磁屏蔽织物将是电磁屏蔽织物的发展方向。     

Flexible Low-Melting Point Radiation Shielding Materials: Soft Elastomers with GaInSnPbBi High-Entropy Alloy Inclusions

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix soft elastic composite material with low-melting-point GaInSnPbBi high-entropy alloy (LHEA) inclusions is prepared to evaluate its radiation shielding performance. The LHEA is composed of two different three-component eutectic microstructures, which are grown in a mixed manner to form a complex eutectic structure. The inclusions have excellent mechanical properties that matched the deformation of the PDMS matrix. To evaluate the interaction of the shielding material with photons, the Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended and XCOM codes are used to determine the shielding parameters of the LHEA/PDMS composites, such as mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half-value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number. The composite with 50-vol% LHEA has the best radiation shielding properties, validated by medical X-ray imaging experiments. The excellent shielding properties of the flexible lightweight composites are attributed to the higher mass attenuation coefficient of the LHEA inclusions than that of lead.     

Stretchable,mechanically resilient,and high electromagnetic shielding polymer/MXene nanocomposites

The increasingly disturbing electromagnetic wave pollution has intensified research for high-performance shielding materials to protect humans and the environment. It remains a great challenge to combine high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance with mechanical robustness and stretchability. These crucial features have been simultaneously achieved in this work by using a facile method to prepare elastomer/MXene nanocomposites. An EMI shielding effectiveness of 49 dB was obtained from a 1-mm thick nanocomposite film at 19.6 vol% of MXene; the film has a density of 1.25 g/cm³. The outstanding electrical conductivity of MXene – 4350 ± 125 S·cm⁻¹ – provided free charge carriers in the matrix to absorb electromagnetic signals, leading to the dominance of absorption mechanism over reflection mechanism. Owing to a nanofiller modification step, the nanocomposite films demonstrated not only outstanding EMI shielding but sufficient strength and stretchability. A nanocomposite at 14.0 vol% exhibited Young's modulus of 15.85 ± 0.75 MPa and tensile strength 25.94 ± 0.81 MPa with elongation at break of 170 ± 5.6%, which relates to high stretchability. These impressive properties make our nanocomposites suitable for use in harsh environments as well as applications in stretchable devices, protective clothing, aerospace, aircraft, and automotive industries.     

聚酰亚胺/硝酸铅辐射防护材料的制备和性能研究

以自制的聚酰亚胺(PI)为基体、硝酸铅为添加剂制备了PI/硝酸铅辐射防护材料,重点利用高纯锗γ谱仪对该材料的辐射屏蔽性能进行测试分析,研究了硝酸铅含量对材料屏蔽性能的影响,并对热性能和耐辐射性能进行了测试。结果表明,该材料具有较好的耐辐射性能和屏蔽性能,可广泛地应用于多种领域。