热处理制度对SiO_2-CaO-Al_2O_3-MgO-ZnO-Fe_2O_3系玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响

为了探讨热处理制度对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-ZnO-Fe2O3系玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响,利用高温熔融法制备基础玻璃,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术考察玻璃陶瓷的析晶特征。结果表明:在所研究的玻璃体系中析出主晶相为锌橄榄石(Ca2ZnSi2O7),部分氧化锌和氧化铁固溶到硅灰石(CaSiO3)中,形成辉石类晶体(Ca(Fe,Zn)Si2O6)。热处理制度对析出晶体的种类影响不大,但是对析出晶体的形态有较大程度的影响。在随炉升温的情况下,试样表面形成枝状Ca(Fe,Zn)Si2O6晶体,而在内部形成Ca2ZnSi2O7和Ca(Fe,Zn)Si2O6。两种晶体相互交替析出,形成条带状组织。在750℃的保温有利于晶体的整体析出。     

添加ZnO对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO系微晶玻璃析晶的影响

应用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等技术,研究了添加不同质量分数(下同)的ZnO对SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO系玻璃析晶和显微形貌的影响.结果表明:在所研究的玻璃体系中,ZnO加入后优先与玻璃体中的钙、硅元素发生反应,生成锌黄长石Ca2ZnSi2O7.另一部分ZnO和少量Fe2O3固溶到硅灰石(CaSiO3)晶体中形成(铁,锌)辉石晶体[Ca(Fe,Zn)Si2O6].随着玻璃中ZnO添加量的提高,越来越多的钙、硅与之反应生成Ca2ZnSi2O7,主晶相由CaSiO3逐渐转变为CaZnSi2O7.玻璃样品在随炉升温至1 050℃的情况下,以表面析晶为主,析出晶体呈枝状.玻璃先在750℃低温退火处理有利于晶体的整体析出,晶体形态由ZnO为5%时的鱼骨状变为15%时的条带状组织.     

添加ZnO对SiO_2–CaO–Al_2O_3–MgO系微晶玻璃析晶的影响

应用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射等技术,研究了添加不同质量分数(下同)的ZnO对SiO2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO系玻璃析晶和显微形貌的影响。结果表明:在所研究的玻璃体系中,ZnO加入后优先与玻璃体中的钙、硅元素发生反应,生成锌黄长石Ca2ZnSi2O7。另一部分ZnO和少量Fe2O3固溶到硅灰石(CaSiO3)晶体中形成(铁,锌)辉石晶体[Ca(Fe,Zn)Si2O6]。随着玻璃中ZnO添加量的提高,越来越多的钙、硅与之反应生成Ca2ZnSi2O7,主晶相由CaSiO3逐渐转变为CaZnSi2O7。玻璃样品在随炉升温至1050℃的情况下,以表面析晶为主,析出晶体呈枝状。玻璃先在750℃低温退火处理有利于晶体的整体析出,晶体形态由ZnO为5%时的鱼骨状变为15%时的条带状组织。     

不同氧化物(ZnO、Fe2O3、ZrO2)对SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-F玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响

应用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）等技术研究了ZnO、Fe2O3、ZrO2对SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-F玻璃陶瓷析晶组织形态的影响。结果表明：在所研究的玻璃体系中，不同氧化物加入后都促进了主晶相氟云母晶体的析出。但不同氧化物对析出晶体的形貌影响不同，当基础玻璃中添加了质量分数为2．0％的ZnO时，形成片状氟云母晶体和颗粒状莫来石相；当添加2．0％的Fe2O3后，大量均匀细小的针状氟云母晶体和块状FeFeO4晶体析出；而当添加4．0％的ZrO2后，除了氟云母和莫来石析出外，粒状ZrO2晶体夹杂在氟云母晶体之间均匀析出。     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3-ZrO2-F系玻璃陶瓷的析晶

应用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射及示差扫描量热法等技术研究了一种SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3-ZrO-F玻璃陶瓷析晶特征和组织形貌.结果表明:玻璃转变温度为725 ℃左右,在730 ℃后形成了分布均匀的孔状非晶态分相现象.在第一放热峰温度(820 ℃)析晶时,玻璃样品为表面析晶,析出晶体为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)和硅灰石(CaSiO3).从表面向内部分别形成枝状晶体、枝状晶体和粒状晶体、粒状晶体三层不同的表面析晶形态.在1040 ℃保温后,玻璃样品中表面析晶和整体析晶共存,析出晶相均以钙长石为主.     

MO对B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃析晶性能的影响

研究了添加BaO、CaO、MgO对B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃析晶性能的影响。用DSC测试了玻璃的析晶温度，用XRD分析了玻璃析晶后的晶相组成，用SEM观察了析出晶粒的形貌特征。结果表明：BaO、CaO均可有效促进BAS玻璃的形成，而MgO易导致玻璃分相。MO-BAS玻璃的析晶温度在770～810℃之间。添加BaO时析出的主晶相为硼酸铝（Al18B4O33）和少量勃来石（Al16B6Si2O37），以针柱状晶为主。用CaO替代BaO，析出的主晶相不变，但析晶能力增加，以细小的粒状晶为主。添加MgO时析出的主晶相为偏硼酸铝（Al4B2O9）和勃来石，晶粒较粗大。     

SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-K2O-(F)系玻璃陶瓷的分相和析晶

应用差热分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜等技术，研究了氟含量在SiO2—Al2O3—MgO—K2O系玻璃陶瓷分相及析晶中的作用。结果表明：当玻璃中不含氟时，试样在高温发生整体析晶，析出晶相为堇青石(Mg2Al4Si5O18)。当玻璃中含有质量分数为1．0％的氟时，玻璃的玻璃转变温度及析晶温度都有所降低，但首先在玻璃表面析出云母晶体，玻璃内部发生分相。随着析晶温度的升高，试样内部析出相互交错条状云母晶体。当玻璃中氟的质量分数达到4．0％时，云母晶体呈针片状整体析出，而且析晶温度进一步降低。     

Na2O-CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-ZnO微晶玻璃制备及晶化行为的研究

本文设计了Na2O-CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-ZnO体系,采用熔融法制备了以磷渣为主要原料的微晶玻璃,磷渣在微晶玻璃中的使用率达到67～75%,并利用XRD,SEM等确定了玻璃的最佳热处理制度,研究了Na2O对微晶玻璃析晶及特征的影响.结果发现经过 750 ℃核化4 h,850 ℃晶化2 h,得到主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3)和菱硅钙钠石(Na2Ca2Si3O9)的微晶玻璃.玻璃中表面析晶和整体析晶同时存在,其中Na2O可促进整体析晶和菱硅钙钠石的析出.     

Fe2O3,ZrO2及F对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响

研究了形核剂对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶的影响,将形核剂掺量(质量分数)分别为1.0?2O3,2.0%ZrO2和4.0%F添加到基础玻璃中.用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术分析了微晶玻璃析晶和显微特征.不添加任何形核剂的样品以及分别添加1.0?2O3和1.0?2O3 2.0%ZrO2形核剂的样品以表面析晶为主,在1 053 ℃保温1.0 h后,析出晶体以硅灰石(CaO·SiO2)为主,同时还有少量钙长石(CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2)和透辉石(CaO·MgO·2SiO2)析出.Fe2O3的加入促进了玻璃的析晶和生长,而ZrO2的作用正好相反,抑制了玻璃的析晶.对于添加1.0?2O3 2.0%ZrO2 4.0%F形核剂的样品,在1 040 ℃保温1.0h后,其析出晶体以整体析晶为主,块状晶体均匀析出,析出主晶相为钙长石.     

热处理制度对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-F系玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响

本文研究了热处理工艺过程对SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-F系玻璃陶瓷析出晶体的影响。结果表明：随着过渡相析出时间的延长，云母晶体数量逐渐减少，而所占体积百分数却逐渐增高；析晶温度的提高有利于云母晶体的形核和生长；随着析晶时间的延长，云母晶体逐渐长成片状，云母晶体的长度、厚度及体积百分数逐渐增大，但时间过长这种趋势变化不大。对第二相粒子而言，热处理过程对形核有较大的影响，而对最终的尺寸影响不大。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.