奥克托今转晶研究

采用α－ＨＭＸ为原料，以醋酐法工艺的废酸为溶剂，溶解α－ＨＭＸ和在废酸中氧化α－ＨＭＸ的所含杂质，运用升降温冷却结晶技术，进行转晶取得成功。并摸索出制备中等粒度级别的工艺条件，产品酸度均小于或等于０．０２％，熔点大于或等于２７３℃。为醋酐法制备ＨＭＸ生产工艺的改进和降低ＨＭＸ生产成本奠定了基础。     

TATB对HMX的钝感作用研究

通过机械感度、热感度、冲击波感度等方面的实验数据,分析研究了ＴＡＴＢ对ＨＭＸ的钝感作用,证明以ＨＭＸ／ＴＡＴＢ为主体炸药的塑性粘结炸药对目前钝感高能炸药的研究具有十分重要的意义。     

氧化剂粒度和含量变化对NEPE推进剂燃速和压力指数的影响

研究了氧化剂粒度和含量变化对ＮＥＰＥ推进剂燃速和压力指数的影响。实验结果表明ＮＥＰＥ的燃烧行为类似于ＡＰ－ＨＭＸ－ＣＭＤＢ推进剂。采用细粒度ＡＰ或进行粒度级配是改善ＮＥＰＥ燃烧性能，提高燃速，降低压力指数的重要措施。观察到ＨＭＸ粒度变化对ＮＥＰＥ的燃速无明显作用。在配方中增加ＡＰ含量，也可起到提高燃速的作用，并且随着压力的不断增高，燃速增加的效果越明显。     

超细HMX和RDX撞击感度的研究

利用爆炸概率法对超细奥克托今（ＨＭＸ）和黑索今（ＲＤＸ）的撞击感度进行了研究。试验结果表明：超细ＨＭＸ和ＲＤＸ的爆炸分数相比军用标准样品的值有较大幅度下降。文章分析了撞击感度降低的原因,并展望了超细炸药在高能量、低感度炸药研制中的重要意义。     

超临界流体SAS法制备HMX基传爆药及其表征

采用超临界流体SA S法,通过引入钝化包覆剂FPM2602对超细HM X主体炸药的粒子表面均匀包覆,最终获得超细HM X基传爆药。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了原料和超细HM X基传爆药的表面形貌。测定了其撞击感度、冲击波感度及起爆感度,并与J0-9C(I型)传爆药进行对比。结果表明,超细HM X基传爆药的表面形貌得到了明显改善;与J0-9C(I型)传爆药相比,其H50值升高了17.1 cm,冲击波隔板厚度(xR)减小了2.2mm,起爆性能得到了显著提高。     

高温暴露试验对PBX药柱的影响

对Ｒ８５２。Ｈ７８１、Ｈ８７２、Ｈ８７１８、ＨＭＸ－１５９、８０２１等炸 药进行高温暴露试验，考究其药柱在高温暴露条件下，不可逆尺寸变化和密度变化，并用Ｘ光衍射法研究了试验闪后主体炸药的晶体结构变化。     

高能量密度材料TNAZ

ＴＮＡＺ具有能量密度高，热稳定性好，不吸潮等特性，感度与ＲＤＸ和ＨＭＸ相当，是一种有潜力的高能量密度材料。本文综述了ＴＮＡＺ的性能和国外研究进展。     

中低温胶状乳化炸药敏化均匀性探讨

在胶状乳化炸药生产过程中主要敏化工序的质量直接影响到乳化炸药的质量稳定性,尤其是具有雷管感度的小直径药卷,敏化若出现不均匀现象将会造成炸药局部密度变大而失去感度或传爆能力,从而在爆后检查过程中会发现一些残药甚至会有整支药卷出现。通过实验数据与理论分析,对现有敏化机的混合均匀性做了分析和探讨。     

硝化棉球形药粒度级配对推进剂燃烧性能的影响初探

通过对硝化棉球形药进行粒度级配,发现以某种级配方式进行粒度级配后制成推进剂可提高低压段（７～１５ＭＰａ）推进剂的燃速,从而有利于降低ＲＤＸ－ＣＭＤＢ推进剂的燃速压强指数。     

蒸汽爆破预处理对植物纤维素性质的影响

用研制的植物纤维素连续所爆破机对植物纤维素原料的预处理进行了研究,利用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）,红外光谱（ＩＲ）和Ｘ－射线衍射仪对汽爆处理后物料的形态结构,物理特性及化学组成的变化进行了分析,研究结果表明,汽爆预处理方法对 物料的物理结构及化学组成有一系列蝗影响,汽爆使物料的粒度变小,Ｘ－射线衍射峰变明显,处理物料红外光谱的某些峰强度减弱,半纤维素变化较大,处理后的物料易于酶解。     

高品质压装HMX基PBX炸药的冲击波感度

为改善HMX基PBX的安全性能,通过隔板试验研究了高品质HMX的粒度对压装PBX炸药冲击波起爆性能的影响.结果表明·对于相对密度较高(98.5％TMD)的压装HMX基PBX,与普通品质(平均粒径30μm)相比,使用高品质HMX(20 μm)后PBX的冲击波感度下降了7％,当高品质HMX的粒度增至150μm后,其冲击波起...     

超临界流体反溶剂法制备超细HMX传爆药

为了克服超细炸药在常规包覆过程中易团聚的缺点,采用超临界流体反溶剂法( SAS)制备了以亚微米HMX为主体炸药的超细传爆药,探讨了工艺条件对亚微米HMX包覆效果的影响.结果表明,影响亚微米HMX包覆效果的主要因素有初始浓度、系统温度、系统压力、平均压力升高速率和平均压力下降速率.在加入20 mL的乙酸乙酯、系统压力9....     

Double Shock Experiments on PBX Explosive JOB‐9003

One‐dimensional plate impact experiments have been performed to study the double shocks to detonation transition and Hugoniot state in the HMX‐based explosive JOB‐9003. The flyer was a combination of sapphire and Kel‐F, which can pass two different pressure waves into PBX Explosive JOB‐9003 sample after the impact. The particle velocities at interface and different depths in the JOB‐9003 sample were measured with Al‐based electromagnetic particle velocity gauge technique, thus obtaining particle velocity‐time diagram. According to the diagram, the corresponding Hugoniot state can be determined based on the particle velocity and shock wave velocity in the sample. Comparing with sustained pulse experiments, PBX Explosive JOB‐9003 shows desensitization feature due to the pre‐pressed shock wave.     

Investigation of HMX‐Based Nanocomposites

Advanced munition systems require explosives which are more insensitive, powerful, and reactive. For this reason, nano‐crystalline explosives present an attractive alternative to conventional energetics. In this study, formulations consisting of 95 % octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) and 5 % polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) were prepared with mean crystal sizes ranging from 300 nm to 2 μm. The process to create these materials used a combination of mechanical particle size reduction and spray drying, which has the advantages of direct control of crystal size and morphology as well as the elimination of ripening of crystals (which occurs during slurry coating of nanomaterials). The basic physical characteristics of these formulations were determined using a variety of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Compressive stress‐strain tests on pressed pellets revealed that the mechanical properties of the compositions improved with decreasing crystal size, consistent with Hall‐Petch mechanics. The 300 nm HMX/PVOH composition demonstrated a 99 % and 129 % greater strength and stiffness, respectively, than the composition with 2 μm HMX. The formulations were subjected to the Small Scale Gap Test, revealing a significant reduction in shock sensitivity with decreasing crystal size. The formulation containing 300 nm HMX registered a shock initiation pressure 1.6 GPa above that of the formulation with 2 μm HMX, a 44 % improvement in sensitivity. These results serve to highlight the relevance of structure‐property relationships in explosive compositions, and particularly elucidate the substantial benefits of reducing the high explosive crystal size to nano‐scale dimensions.     

RDX and HMX with Reduced Sensitivity Towards Shock Initiation–RS‐RDX and RS‐HMX

Reduced Sensitivity RDX (RS‐RDX) has received a lot of attention and interest from the explosive community in the recent years. There are several producers of RS‐RDX, most of them using a direct nitration (Woolwich process) for the RDX synthesis, while Chemring Nobel uses the Bachmann process. The processes for obtaining the RS properties probably differ between the various producers. Chemring Nobel has also developed an HMX quality that shows Reduced Sensitivity (RS‐HMX) of different particle size distributions. The shock sensitivity is at the same level as for RS‐RDX in comparable compositions. Reduced shock sensitivity has been obtained for RS‐RDX and Reduced Sensitivity (RS‐HMX) in both pressable and cast‐cured compositions. By using a pressable composition, it is possible to get the results from a BICT gap test faster than from a cast‐cured composition that has to go through a curing process. Chemring Nobel in cooperation with FFI have performed an extensive accelerated ageing testing of RS‐RDX produced by the Bachmann process. The samples have been aged at 60 and 70 °C and the shock sensitivity tested by two different gap tests. The results demonstrate that the Chemring Nobel RS‐RDX retain the insensitivity towards shock during ageing and show no degradation at all. Accelerated ageing testing of RS‐HMX has also been performed and shows no degradation in the shock sensitivity.     

非溶剂制备细化HMX及其性能表征

以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,用喷雾重结晶细化法制备了HMX,研究了非溶剂(水、乙醇、氯代烷烃)的种类、溶剂与非溶剂的体积比以及非溶剂的温度对HMX晶体形貌的影响并分析了其影响机理。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度分析仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描热量法(DSC)对其进行了表征和热分析。测试了细化HMX和原料HMX的撞击感度。结果表明,HMX细化最佳工艺条件是以35℃乙醇为非溶剂,溶剂与非溶剂体积比为1∶40,此时可获得中值粒径为616nm、粒径分布均匀、趋于球形且表面光滑的亚微米HMX;亚微米HMX表观活化能比原料HMX降低了13.75kJ/mol,与原料HMX相比具有更好的热安定性,特性落高从34.05cm升至79.10cm,撞击感度显著降低。     

一种含LLM-105的HMX基低感高能PBX炸药

研究了不同颗粒形态的LLM-105对HMX的降感作用以及HMX/LLM-105基炸药配方用的黏结体系和钝感体系.设计出一种HMX/LLM-105配方,采用机械感度和冲击波感度以及板痕试验和圆筒试验对其安全性能和爆轰性能进行了测试.结果表明,LLM-105可作为含能钝感剂用于HMX基PBX炸药,该种含LLM-105的HMX基PBX爆速约8700 m/s、爆压34 GPa以上、比动能为1.560 kJ/g,冲击波感度比JOB-9003炸药低10%,是一种新型的低感高能炸药.     

Research on the Size of Defects inside RDX/HMX Crystal and Shock Sensitivity

Intragranular defects inside RDX/HMX were studied by optical microscopy with matching refractive (OMS), sink‐float method (SFM), and micro‐focus CT (μCT) techniques. OMS results revealed the phenomenon that RDX/HMX had more defects and cracks than RS‐RDX/RS‐HMX. μCT results indicated that RDX/HMX had more defects with larger volume than RS‐RDX/RS‐HMX. The gap test showed that critical shock pressure/gap thickness was 6.4 GPa/19.4 mm for PBX based on RDX, while they were 7.5 GPa/17.5 mm and 8.6 GPa/16.2 mm for PBX based on M‐RDX and RS‐RDX, respectively. Meanwhile, an analysis of the relationship between defects inside RDX/HMX crystal and shock sensitivity was made. Finally, the shock pressure response under impact loading was investigated by discrete element method.