串联液质联用仪测定水中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的影响因素分析

对HPLC-MS/MS方法测定水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)过程中PFOA和PFOS峰面积的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明在一定的分析条件下PFOA和PFOS分别在保留时间2.08和2.33min处出现明显的色谱峰,随着样品的pH值升高,PFOA和PFOS峰面积逐渐增大,pH值为5.0的情况下,PFOA和PFOS峰面积达到极大值,随pH值增大呈现减小趋势。pH值5.0下PFOA峰面积比pH值1.5下PFOA峰面积大60.3%,相应的PFOS峰面积大32.5%。相同pH值情况下,PFOA、PFOS浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系。水、甲醇、乙腈作为稀释溶剂对PFOA和PFOS峰面积没有明显影响。聚四氟乙烯、混合纤维等对PFOA和PFOS没有吸附,但尼龙滤膜对PFOA和PFOS有较强吸附。计算结果表明磺酸基与酰胺基团的结合能略大于羧基与酰胺基团的结合能,这可能是尼龙对PFOS吸附能力大于对PFOA吸附能力的原因之一。     

Fe~(2+)负载颗粒活性炭去除水中全氟辛酸研究

采用浸润法制备活性炭负载亚铁离子复合材料(GAC-FeCl_2),利用扫描电镜(SEM)对GAC-FeCl_2、GAC进行表征。考察了不同pH值和初始浓度下对PFOA的去除效率,并用吸附等温模型和动力学模型进行拟合,探讨其去除机理。结果表明,活性炭负载亚铁离子复合材料(GAC-FeCl_2)对PFOA的去除效果较好,PFOA的去除率在酸性条件下较好,吸附等温实验表明,Langmuir模型能更好地描述其对PFOA的等温吸附过程;吸附动力学实验表明,吸附剂对PFOA的反应过程更符合准二级吸附动力学方程。     

Fe~(2+)负载颗粒活性炭去除水中全氟辛酸研究

采用浸润法制备活性炭负载亚铁离子复合材料(GAC-FeCl_2),利用扫描电镜(SEM)对GAC-FeCl_2、GAC进行表征。考察了不同pH值和初始浓度下对PFOA的去除效率,并用吸附等温模型和动力学模型进行拟合,探讨其去除机理。结果表明,活性炭负载亚铁离子复合材料(GAC-FeCl_2)对PFOA的去除效果较好,PFOA的去除率在酸性条件下较好,吸附等温实验表明,Langmuir模型能更好地描述其对PFOA的等温吸附过程;吸附动力学实验表明,吸附剂对PFOA的反应过程更符合准二级吸附动力学方程。     

PFOA替代品研究进展

综述了环保型PFOA替代品的研究及应用进展。全氟辛酸（PFOA）对动物和人体健康的影响问题备受关注，开发环保型PFOA替代品已成为氟化工行业的焦点。     

大金工业将停止制造、使用和销售PFOA

大金工业日前宣布,大金工业及其子公司将在2012年前停止制造、使用和销售全氟辛酸和C8调聚物基的拒水拒油产品。PFOA使用在一些塑料的生产过程中,并且会有痕量的PFOA残留。PFOA并不用于C8防护产品的生产,但在C8生产中会副产PFOA。PFOA目前并没有受到限制,但是人们对它的关注已经见诸报端。大金工业将自愿地用非PFOA的产品来替代现存的所有产品。     

PFOA替代品的开发及在氟橡胶生产中的应用研究

针对PFOA引发的环境问题,开发出了一种新型的表面活性剂,此类表面活性剂的乳化能力与PFOA相当。对此类表面活性剂在氟橡胶生产中的应用进行了研究,结果表明:采用全氟聚醚羧酸盐(PFPES)所生产的氟橡胶与使用PFOA生产的氟橡胶性能基本一致。     

1种纺织品中全氟辛酸的萃取方法

针对纺织品中全氟辛酸(PFOA)的样品预处理,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中的PFOA,引入超声波萃取技术,对纺织品中的PFOA的萃取剂、超声波频率、萃取时间、萃取次数等萃取条件进行研究。结果表明,优化的萃取条件为:在40℃、28 k Hz超声波辅助下,用甲醇作为萃取剂,萃取30 min,萃取3次,PFOA的回收率可以达到98.56%。     

全氟辛酸废水处理技术研究进展

全氟辛酸(PFOA)性质稳定,极难分解,且具有环境持久性、生物累积性和生物毒性,选择相应的方法有效地去除水中的PFOA是目前关注的热点问题。介绍了水体中PFOA的污染状况,概述了膜法、吸附法、絮凝法、高级氧化法和超声波等处理技术对含PFOA废水的处理效果、去除机理以及存在的问题。指出如何实现PFOA的综合利用、废水资源化、降低处理成本以及解决好PFOA浓水和膜污染问题是进一步研究的方向。     

PFOA替代品的开发及应用进展

回顾了PFOA替代品开发的政策背景,综述了近年来国内外PFOA替代品的开发和应用进展,并对我国PFOA替代品相关产业的发展提出了建议。     

PFOA和PFOS去除技术的研究进展

全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)是一类新型难降解的持久性污染物。由于在环境中有很高的生物蓄积性、多种毒性和持久稳定性,近年来PFOA/PFOS去除技术的相关研究得到国内外学者的广泛关注和重视。针对PFOA/PFOS在环境中的污染状况及各种去除技术的研究进展进行了综述,并对当前各种去除技术存在的问题进行了分析和探讨。     

PFOA替代物在含氟聚合物中的应用研究进展

简要介绍了PFOA替代物开发的政策背景;综述了国内外PFOA替代物的开发现状及其在含氟聚合物中的应用研究进展;比较了不同PFOA替代物在含氟聚合物中应用性能的优缺点;指出了PFOA替代物在含氟聚合物中应用研究的发展趋势。     

全氟羧酸二价盐及全氟羧酸/三价金属盐混合体系表面活性研究

合成一系列全氟辛酸二价盐(M(PFOA)_2,M~(2+)=Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),Sr~(2+),Ba~(2+))和全氟丁酸二价盐(M(PFBA)_2),并测定其在水、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和乙二醇(EG)中的表面张力,同时测定了全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟丁酸(PFBA)分别与三价金属盐(LaCl_3和FeCl_3)组成的混合物在水溶液中的表面张力。结果表明,与相应的钾盐相比,M(PFOA)_2和M(PFBA)_2具有更高的表面活性,而全氟羧酸(PFOA或PFBA)与三价金属盐的混合物未见表面活性显著提高。M(PFOA)_2可作为降低PFOA盐使用量的重要方法加以应用。     

Synthesis of a perfluorooctanoic acid molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective removal of perfluorooctanoic acid in an aqueous environment

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) contamination in the environment is a global problem. The aqueous phase is the main medium for PFOA because of its moderate solubility. Adsorption is a feasible way to remove PFOA because of its chemical and biological stability. In this study, a new type of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the selective adsorption of PFOA in aqueous solutions was synthesized by the precipitation polymerization method with PFOA as the template molecule after optimization. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the MIP adsorbent toward PFOA were studied, and the effects of the pH and cations on the adsorption were investigated with batch experiments. The results show that acrylamide (AAM) was the best functional monomer, and the optimal molar ratio of PFOA to AAM to ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (crosslinker) was 1:6:25. The optimized MIP adsorbent had a high affinity for PFOA, and the uptake percentage by the MIP adsorbent was 1.3–2.5 times that of the nonimprinted polymer (NIP) when PFOA existed alone. A maximum PFOA sorption capacity of 5.45 mg/g based on the Langmuir isotherm model was achieved with the MIP adsorbent. The MIP adsorbent exhibited a high selectivity for PFOA over competitive compounds (other perfluorinated alkyl carboxylic and sulfonic acids), whereas the NIP did not. Approximately 90% of the PFOA in the mixture was removed by the MIP adsorbent; this was 18 times that of the NIP. Moreover, the regenerability of the MIP adsorbent was confirmed in five sequential adsorption–desorption cycles without a significant reduction in the PFOA uptake. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43192.     

全氟辛酸乳化剂的命运

全氟辛酸(铵)(PFOA)是制造高性能氟聚合物过程中必要的加工助剂。由于PFOA存在有争议的环境污染问题,在制造高性能氟聚合物过程或成型品中希望能尽量避免或者减少PFOA的含量。综述了高性能氟聚合物制备中PFOA乳化剂的消除处理及替代方法。     

Sorption of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) onto Sediment in the Presence of Dissolved Natural Organics

The abundance of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the aquatic environment makes it important to understand the influence of important parameters affecting the partition of PFOA onto sediment. With a focus on the influence by dissolved organic matter (DOM), we investigated the sorption of PFOA to river sediment downstream of a semiconductor and optoelectronic industrial complex that discharged wastewater with a considerable amount of PFOA in it. The dominant components of the sediment were silica oxide (～14%) and iron oxide (～2%). The sorption density of PFOA was not significantly affected by solution pH and ionic strength. The combinations of low pH-high ionic strength and high pH-low ionic strength favored partitioning of PFOA to the sediment. The sorption density of PFOA to sediment ranged from 0.41 to 1.43 µg/m², with the presence of DOM in the aqueous phase reducing the affinity of PFOA toward the sediment. The sorption of PFOA seemed to be facilitated not by electrostatic but by hydrophobic interactions. The PFOA-sediment sorption equilibration required a duration exceeding 12 d. This study revealed DOM as an important solution-specific parameter in sorption studies. The influence of DOM on PFOA sorption provides a useful reference to understand PFOA partition in the aqueous environment. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Separation Science & Technology to view the free supplemental file.     

环境中PFOS及PFOA存在情况及分析技术研究进展

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)作为重要的化工原料的同时,其引起的环境污染问题已经引起研究者和政府部门的广泛关注。本文对近年来国内外PFOS和PFOA的测定方法、处理技术以及其在环境中的分布进行综述,并对该研究未来发展的方向进行了展望。     

全氟化合物PFOA和PFOS检测标准分析

全氟辛基磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）被认为是具有生物储蓄性和多种毒性的持久性有机污染物,可能存在于几乎所有水体和日常用品中。总结了PFOA和PFOS相关法规和现行标准情况。重点分析了PFOS和PFOA相关检测标准,而液质联用是目前采用最多的分析方法。建议重视相关检测技术研究,加强替代品研发,以满足日益增长的健康和环保要求。     

Tailoring photocatalysts and elucidating mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in water: a comparative overview

A perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), as the most important representative of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), is environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative. Among treatment techniques for PFOA decomposition, photocatalytic degradation of PFOA has received considerable attention. A series of candidate photocatalytic materials, including TiO₂-, carbonaceous-, Ga₂O₃-, In₂O₃-based, etc., have been successfully proposed to eliminate PFOA. Overall, there are two types of mechanisms for photocatalytic degradation of PFCAs, including conventional mechanism and charge transfer mechanism. For a conventional mechanism, the mechanism of PFOA photodegradation over bulk TiO₂ via two pathways: photo-redox and β-scission. For the charge transfer mechanism, the PFOA degradation pathway in water-soluble H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ is mainly via charge-transfer excited complex ([PW₁₂O₄₀]^3−*). Finally, attention on critical challenges and prospects for photodegradation of PFOA are also intensified. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

PFOA替代品研究及其在氟橡胶中的应用

针对全氟辛酸（PFOA）可能引发的环境和健康问题,开发出了一种复配型的表面活性剂FS。对FS的表面性能和在氟聚合物中的适用性进行了研究,并对比了PFOA体系和FS体系在氟橡胶聚合中的应用数据,结果表明,采用FS体系后,氟橡胶的性能没有明显改变,仍然能适应生产和客户应用的需要,可以作为PFOA在氟橡胶中的替代品。