孔盘式液体分布器内液体流动对布液孔出流均匀性的影响

借助包括双欧拉均相多相流模型、VOF界面追踪方法和SST k-ω湍流模型的CFD模型,对孔盘式液体分布器内的流场对布液孔出流均匀性的影响进行研究。首先以单孔流动时的液体流量为标准值,通过与标准值的偏差来评估布液孔的出流不均。根据偏差的大小,可以衡量分布器内流动对布液孔出流的影响。然后结合孔前流动区概念对模拟结果进行分析,发现布液孔出流不均是由分布器内液体流动不均造成的。最后,提出了通过改变进料管位置来优化盘式液体分布器结构。计算结果表明,改变进料管的位置可以避免大规模不良分布,进而提高液体分布器的性能。     

刮膜式分子蒸馏技术精制山茶油的数值模拟

山茶油是一种具有高附加值、丰富保健功能的天然产品。由于目前山茶油的深加工技术尚不完善,采用的化学精炼工艺脱除山茶油中游离脂肪酸时存在皂脚等物质残留问题,难以达到国家标准(GB/T11765—2018)的要求。刮膜式分子蒸馏技术独特的动态膜温和蒸发过程,在精细化工分离与提纯中占据着绝对的优势。为了获得最佳的山茶油分离参数与分离机理,文中采用CFD方法对刮膜式分子蒸馏技术精制山茶油的过程进行数值模拟,结果表明:蒸发器内液膜分布和传热系数变化受转子转速和进料速度影响较大;当蒸发温度为190℃、刮膜器转速为300 r/min、进料速度为900 g/h时系统的综合指标为最佳,该模拟结果对分子蒸馏精制山茶油的工艺优化及工艺参数控制具有较好的参考价值。     

薄膜蒸发器内流体流动特性的数值模拟

建立了薄膜蒸发器的计算模型,采用大型计算流体力学(CFD)分析软件CFX4.4模拟了薄膜蒸发器内水及粘性料液的流动过程,得到了各种速度分布. 结果表明,刮板转速、进料量对流体流动状态影响显著. 提高刮板转速,可明显促进液膜和圈形波内流体的物质交换. 在任一转速下,各料液均存在同一最佳进料量,此时其圈形波截面内平均速度达到最大值. 对纯物质水,最佳进料量对应的流动边界层厚度与膜厚之比最小. 粘性料液和水的轴向速度分布存在差异,且在液膜厚度内未形成明显的流动边界层.     

应用分子蒸馏技术分离提纯玫瑰精油

应用刮膜式分子蒸馏装置对玫瑰精油的提纯进行了研究。考察了进料速率、进料温度、蒸发温度和刮膜器转速等因素对玫瑰精油分离效果的影响。通过试验,初步得到了工艺参数的范围:进料速率为50~70 mL/h,进料温度为53~60℃,蒸发温度Ⅰ为100~108℃,蒸发温度Ⅱ为120~130℃,操作压力1.5 Pa,刮膜器转速150~160r/m in,得到的玫瑰精油产品的纯度在86%以上,分离过程总收率大于60%,并为今后工艺参数优化奠定了基础。     

刮膜式分子蒸馏器传热特性及壁面优化

使用CFD软件建立了刮膜式分子蒸馏器的三维模型,以EHP-EHS混合物为研究对象,并通过编写用户自定义函数（UDF）,研究刮膜式分子蒸馏过程传质存在时的传热特性,得到充分发展的温度场及流场,分析了蒸发壁面温度的分布及转子转速对其影响和局部Nu数的分布。结果表明：液膜表面的升温过程是周期地和波动地达到动态稳定温度的;转子转速越大,周期越小,温度波动次数越多,温度稳定性越好;局部Nu数在刮膜器刮擦的位置突增,刮膜器的刮擦作用是影响平均Nu数增大的主要因素。经过壁面优化,液体湍流程度增大,传热效果得到不同程度的增强,凸起矩形排列、三角形排列、螺旋形排列时平均Nu数分别是光滑蒸发面的1.32倍、1.23倍、1.04倍,为进一步优化刮膜式分子蒸馏器提供参考。     

应用分子蒸馏技术分离提纯牡丹鲜花油的工艺研究

应用刮膜式分子蒸馏装置对牡丹鲜花油的提纯进行了研究。采用正交试验方法考察了进料速率、进料温度、操作压力、刮膜器转速、蒸发温度、内冷凝器温度等因素对牡丹挥发油分离效果的影响。通过试验,得到最优工艺参数为:进料速率1 mL/min、进料温度55℃、操作压力2 Pa、刮膜器转速400 r/min、蒸发温度145℃、内冷凝器温度30℃。     

柱式膜组件曝气过程的气液两相流模拟

采用欧拉模型与多孔介质模型对柱式膜组件的曝气过程中气液两相流进行了计算模拟,研究了曝气量、曝气孔数目以及相对位置对膜组件的气液两相分布、流体湍流黏度、液体速度场的影响,模拟数据与实验数据吻合良好。研究结果表明:随着曝气孔数目增加与相对位置均匀排布使得膜组件内气液两相分布更加均匀;湍流黏度随着曝气量增大而增大,当曝气量达到5 m~3×h~(-1)时,湍流黏度不再增加;随着曝气孔数目增加与相对位置的均匀排布使得液体形成较多涡流流动与循环流动。增加曝气孔数目与优化曝气孔相对位置能够有效提高组件内部流场的均匀分布,有利于膜丝的清洗。     

硫化碱列管蒸发系统带液现象分析与改进措施

目前,中国硫化碱行业普遍采用列管蒸发系统,但是大多数硫化碱生产厂家反映,采用该蒸发系统存在蒸发带液现象。针对当前硫化碱行业采用列管蒸发系统存在的蒸发带液问题,对蒸发器蒸发室尺寸、除沫器形式、进料口位置、循环管出口位置等蒸发器结构进行了分析,以及对蒸发系统的真空度、进料速度、蒸发底液、蒸发浓度等控制条件进行了讨论,找出了产生蒸发带液现象的原因,从设备设计结构和工艺条件控制方面提出了改进的具体措施。     

外环状弹性壁布膜器及超薄降膜厚度

研发了竖直管外环状弹性壁降膜分布器,可以产生微米量级厚度均匀的超薄降膜流动。由弹性薄壁轴对称变形协调性决定,该布膜器具有均匀性和稳定性内在机理。理论分析导出了初始膜厚及布膜流量与布膜器内液柱高度的线性关系,并通过布膜器操作参数及降膜流量等实验数据进行了验证。实验结果表明,该布膜器对降膜管壁的润湿性能已经达到由固液界面性质决定的最小润湿流率。     

内冷式刮膜蒸发器粘性流体的传热与蒸发探讨

本文以粘性流体甘油为物料,在内冷式刮膜薄膜蒸发器中进行加热蒸发实验,分析和探讨了内冷式刮膜薄膜蒸发的传热阻力和工艺条件如操作压力、刮板转速和进料流量等因素的影响。研究发现,粘性流体薄膜蒸发时的传热阻力主要在液膜侧;液膜传热系数随刮板转速和流量的增大而增大,随压力的降低而增大;单位时间的蒸发量随刮板转速的增大而增大,随压力和流量的增大而减少。     

干膜用聚酯薄膜产生疵点的原因

详细介绍并分析了干膜用聚酯薄膜疵点的分类和产生原因。大疵点形成的原因为煳料造成的内部杂质和外来杂质造成的表面杂质,小疵点形成的原因为添加剂粒子团聚造成的内部原因和辊筒烙印造成的表面原因。     

PET薄膜在干膜生产中的应用

PET薄膜为干膜光阻层的载体,起保护作用,主要是隔绝氧气、分层和避免机械划伤,在曝光之后显影之前除去。其厚度呈现逐渐变薄的趋势,主要为15~19μm。     

Ultrathin carbon film from carbonization of spin-cast polyacrylonitrile film

Here we present ultrathin carbon films derived from polyacrylonitrile precursor film. Subsequent carbonization was investigated to examine the optical and electrical properties of resulting carbon films. The precursor PAN solution was carefully prepared and heated in order to have thin and uniform PAN film, and X-ray reflectivity of the precursor film and the carbon film shows uniformity. X-ray diffraction pattern of the carbon film indicated that the obtained carbon films possess low crystallinity. It was also found that the thickness for ultrathin carbon film from PAN layer showed counterbalanced optical and electrical performance in the range of experiment.     

Modeling and control of film porosity in thin film deposition

Systematic methodologies are developed for modeling and control of film porosity in thin film deposition. The deposition process is modeled via kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation on a triangular lattice. The microscopic events involve atom adsorption and migration and allow for vacancies and overhangs to develop. Appropriate definitions of film site occupancy ratio (SOR), i.e., fraction of film sites occupied by particles over total number of film sites, and its fluctuations are introduced to describe film porosity. Deterministic and stochastic ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are also derived to describe the time evolution of film SOR and its fluctuation. The coefficients of the ODE models are estimated on the basis of data obtained from the kMC simulator of the deposition process using least-square methods and their dependence on substrate temperature is determined. The developed ODE models are used as the basis for the design of model predictive control (MPC) algorithms that include penalty on the film SOR and its variance to regulate the expected value of film SOR at a desired level and reduce run-to-run fluctuations. Simulation results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed film porosity modeling and control methods in the context of the deposition process under consideration.     

Biodegradable film. IV. Printability study on biodegradable film

A starch‐based biodegradable (BD) low density polyethylene (LDPE) film can be directly printable without any corona treatment, unlike virgin LDPE film. Such a film shows poor adhesion and nail scratch resistance of the ink on the printed area of the film. In order to increase the adhesion and nail scratch resistance of the ink on the printed BD film, grafting of acrylonitrile onto the BD film is carried out. The polyacrylonitrile grafted BD film shows better adhesion, nail scratch resistance, and printability. The printability of the polyacrylonitrile grafted BD film is comparable to the conventional corona treated LDPE film. The extent of printability is a function of the surface smoothness, as well as the optimum percentage of grafting on the biodegradable film. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1273–1277, 2001     

Dielectric elastomer film with anisotropic actuation deformation on film plane

A new dielectric elastomer (DE) film, which was able to show anisotropic large plane deformation actuated by an external electric field, was designed and synthesized. Specifically, an asymmetric di-vinyl monomer cyclohex-3-enylmethyl acrylate (CEA) was incorporated into the middle block of poly(styrene-b-butyl acrylate-b-styrene) as potential crosslinking points. By widely used UV curing technique through a mask, the DE films could be locally hardened any area one selected. This could break the symmetry of the actuation deformation on the DE film plane, maximizing the deformation in a given direction while the actuation area strain remained unchanged. The actuation strain_y/strain_x reached 2.3, strain in x direction was 10.3% while in y direction was 23%, when the DE film of S(BA-ran-CEA)S with 2.5 mol % CEA incorporated was locally hardened in the form of soft and hard belt of 1 mm width alternatively along y direction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48795.     

有机释放膜上铝膜的溶解与粉碎

镜面铝浆由于其优越的镜面效果得到广泛的应用。采用有别于传统球磨法的全新工艺——有机释放膜过渡法制备了镜面型铝银浆。结果发现,通过丙酮溶解丙烯酸树脂基有机释放膜,可获得厚度十分均匀的铝膜或铝鳞片。超声振荡可加快薄膜溶解速度。通过超声振荡和强力机械搅拌可粉碎铝膜。制得的镜面铝浆平均粒度(d_(50))为11.9μm,粒度分布宽度为1.22。     

油酸对壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜液流变及膜性能的影响

为了提高壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白膜的机械性能，将壳聚糖液与玉米醇溶蛋白液共混，向其中加入0%、15%、30%、45%（w/w）的油酸改性，研究膜液的粒径、zeta电位、静态和动态流变特性；然后，分析油酸添加量对膜阻隔性能，机械性能和相容性的影响。结果表明：添加油酸后，膜液体系粒径增大、分散均匀，添加30%油酸的膜液分散性更好，PDI为0.34，粒径为1307.5nm。随着油酸含量增大，膜液粘度减小，流动指数增大，弹性模量和粘性模量增加。OA-30膜机械性能较好，抗拉强度达到36.37MPa，断裂延伸率达到22.32%。膜的阻隔性增强，水蒸气、氧气透过率分别降低了44.21%和66.52%。复合膜中壳聚糖与玉米醇溶蛋白分子相容性好，表面光滑平整。综上所述，油酸改性改善了壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜性能。     

High‐performance bismaleimide resin film for resin film infusion

A novel high‐performance resin film, coded 4508B, suitable for the resin film infusion (RFI) process, was developed. It was prepared from 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM), o,o′‐diallylbisphenol A (BA), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyimide (PI). The resin and its composite, reinforced by glass fiber cloth, were prepared and characterized in detail. The results showed that the resin film was stable at room temperature, its infusion temperature was 120°C, and the pot life was more than 60 min. In addition, the cured resin and the composite prepared by the RFI process had good thermal and mechanical properties and hot‐wet resistance. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2918–2922, 2001