电气石/TiO2复合薄膜的显微结构及光催化活性研究

在钛溶胶制备过程中加入天然电气石微粉，制得含电气石的钛溶胶，然后在紫铜表面镀膜形成含电气石的TiO2复合薄膜。用SEM研究电气石／TiO2复合薄膜的显微结构特征；用光催化降解甲基橙实验研究电气石微粉对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响。结果表明：电气石微粉能均匀的分布在紫铜表面的TiO2薄膜中，且形成了以电气石为核心的TiO2微粒簇，其中TiO2微粒具有阶梯层状结构和表面纳米凸起。用紫外线照射3h后，与不含电气石的TiO2薄膜相比，含质量分数为0．54％电气石的TiO2单层和双层复合薄膜对甲基橙的光催化降解率可分别提高12．1％和28．6％。     

负载型二氧化钛光阳极对茜素红的光电催化降解

以溶胶-凝胶拉提法在多孔泡沫镍基片上制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光阳极,并通过均匀设计实验对其制备工艺进行了优化.对茜素红在固态TiO2薄膜光阳极上的催化降解进行了研究,考察了外加阳极偏压、支持电解质、外加氧化剂对目标物质降解效率的影响,通过紫外可见光谱扫描测定了降解过程中的染料溶液.实验结果表明:催化剂最佳制备工艺条件为焙烧温度450℃、TiO2镀膜涂覆5层、焙烧时间4 h.外加2.0 V阳极偏压时,催化降解效果最好;外加支持电解质NaCl、Na2SO4与外加氧化剂H2O2都可以显著地促进催化降解的效率.     

首饰基材表面反应磁控溅射SiO2薄膜工艺

采用反应磁控溅射工艺在S950首饰基材表面沉积防指纹用的SiO2薄膜,研究了氧气流量、氧气体积分数、溅射电流和沉积时间对沉积速率和薄膜化学组成的影响.结果表明,膜层沉积速率随着溅射电流增大而快速增加,随着氧气流量增加而先升后降,随着氧气体积占比增加而先略升后稳定,随着镀膜时间的延长而略降.膜层的氧硅原子比随着氧气流量增加而快速增加,随着氧气体积分数增加而略有增加,随着溅射电流以及沉积时间的增加而降低.     

活性炭镀TiO2薄膜光催化降解苯酚废水

本文研究用常压化学气相沉积法对活性炭镀TiO2薄膜催化剂的条件下．以紫外灯为光源，进行苯酚废液光催化降解。实验得出：(1)活性炭的量不同；(2)底物的种类不同；(3)分别用HCl、NaOH处理活性炭后再镀TiO2薄膜；(4)镀TiO2薄膜时水的温度不同；(5)在溶液中加入不同的物质(H2O2、CH2COCH3)，均对苯酚废液的降解有影响，结果表明：镀膜底物为活性炭，水温度为30℃．溶液中加入H2O2时对苯酚废液的光催化效果最好。     

TiO2对磷脂的光催化降解的研究

采用电泳镀膜法在铝片表面制备了TiO2膜,利用傅立叶变换FT-IR红外光谱、荧光光谱研究了TiO2对磷脂的光催化降解过程并对降解的产物进行了分析.结果表明,TiO2膜在无光照情况下对磷脂没有降解作用,而在紫外光照射下,磷脂可被TiO2逐渐降解最后完全矿化为CO2和H2O.     

氮分压对Ta-N薄膜摩擦性能的影响

在氮气和氧气的混合气氛中,在不同N2分压下,用直流磁控溅射法在Si基片上沉积非晶态Ta-N薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、台阶仪和纳米压痕仪、光学轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜对沉积的薄膜进行表征.结果表明:不同N2分压下沉积的薄膜都有平整且致密的表面,表面均方根粗糙度都较小;随着N2分压的上升,薄膜沉积速率、纳米硬度和...     

非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化薄膜

以TiCl4为前驱体,无水乙醇为氧供体,聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)为成膜控制剂,通过非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2光催化薄膜.应用X射线衍射和热重-差式扫描量热研究了TiO2凝胶在热处理过程中的物相变化.采用场发射扫描电镜和光照甲基橙的降解实验研究了TiCl4浓度和镀膜次数对TiO2薄膜显微结构和光催化活性的影响.结果表明:非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2薄膜开始出现金红石相的温度为750 ℃,高于传统水解溶胶-凝胶法制备的薄膜.TiCl4浓度和PEG用量是影响薄膜结构和光催化性能的关键因素.当TiCl4浓度为0.83 mol/L,PEG与TiCl4摩尔比为0.1时,所制备的薄膜是一种晶粒细小且孔隙及孔径分布均匀的多孔膜,这有利于提高薄膜的比表面积,薄膜具有最佳的光催化性能.     

掺杂Fe2O3纳米TiO2膜光催化降解有机染料废水中甲基橙

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,以普通载玻片为基底材料,制备了掺杂Fe2O3的TiO2薄膜,用TEM、TG-DTA、XRD对TiO2薄膜进行结构表征.用掺杂Fe2O3的TiO2薄膜降解有机染料废水中的甲基橙.结果表明,焙烧温度500℃时,制备的TiO2薄膜牢固,有较好的光催化活性.在pH为4,投加一定量的H2O2,太阳光照射30 min条件下,甲基橙的降解率达到93.02%.和纯纳米TiO2膜相比提高了3%以上.     

氧气的相对流量对磁控溅射制备TiO2薄膜性质的影响

本文研究了氧气相对流量对蓝宝石衬底上用磁控溅射制备TiO2薄膜性质的影响,并采用XRD、XPS、AFM等检测手段对其进行了结构、成分、表面形貌和透过率表征.结果表明,氧气的相对流量的变化对TiO2薄膜的物相、表面形貌和近红外透过率有显著影响,对TiO2薄膜中Ti2p3/2的结合能影响不大.     

光催化超亲水性TiO_2-SiO_2薄膜的研究

采用溶胶 -凝胶法在普通载玻片上制备了TiO2 -SiO2 复合薄膜 .利用高温显微镜、SEM、红外光谱 (IR)和分光光度计 ,研究了SiO2添加量和镀膜层数对润湿角、薄膜微结构、透过率、光催化活性的影响 .结果表明 :通过在TiO2 薄膜中加入SiO2 ,能显著降低薄膜的润湿角 ,超亲水性状态可以保持很长时间 .低于 3 0 %SiO2 添加量 (以摩尔分数计 ) ,在煅烧过程中对TiO2 锐钛矿相晶粒生长有抑制作用 ,同时 ,光透过率提高 ,光催化活性有所下降 .在薄膜中 ,TiO2 和SiO2 分别单独形成颗粒 ,但有少量Ti—O—Si键形成 ,存在少量的复合氧化物 .当SiO2添加量为 10 %时 ,3层TiO2 -SiO2 薄膜的润湿角接近 0°,光催化活性为光照 2h甲基橙溶液降解率 5 3 % ,其性能最佳 .     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

Approximation of temperature dependence of the modulus of elasticity of glass

A refined nonlinear value of the main parameter of a material, i.e., the elongation modulus versus the instant temperature value, was suggested for introduction into the computational algorithm of tempering stresses.