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1.
介绍了焚硫炉计算流体动力学(CFD)模型及模型建立中涉及的一些关键因素。利用CFD模型可以更好地理解焚硫炉、焚硫炉与周围管道的关系、焚硫炉对不同硫原料系统或流量的处理能力,从而为焚硫炉设计和改造提供依据。NORAM公司几项新焚硫炉设计和旧焚硫炉改造项目表明,合理使用CFD技术并选用合适的磺枪,一台与原设备尺寸相同的焚硫炉可以获得更高的产能。  相似文献   

2.
针对单套硫磺制酸装置的规模不断大型化的现状,新型焚硫炉的设计对炉膛有效容积,衬砖结构,挡墙和硫磺喷枪等方面都有了较大的优化与改进。当烟气中的SO2最大气浓(SO2)为12%时,焚硫炉的有效容积可按照0.094 m3/(t·d-1)(100%H2SO4计)标准来确定。焚硫炉钢壳采用冷壳设计形式,其外表面温度宜控制在100~150℃之间。内衬耐火砖厚度230 mm,保温砖厚度114 mm,隔离层材料10~20 mm的厚度可满足钢壳温度要求。挡墙设计有格子挡墙和弓形挡墙两种形式,弓形挡墙必须留有足够的炉膛容积余量。硫磺喷枪选用固定式机械雾化喷嘴的方式具有更好的雾化效果。新型焚硫炉的设计具有节省投资和占地面积的效果。  相似文献   

3.
焚硫炉是硫磺制酸装置的关键设备之一,随着装置大型化对筑炉提出了高要求。总结了250kt/a硫磺制酸装置焚硫炉的筑炉施工要点,供同仁参考。  相似文献   

4.
主要介绍了硫磺制酸中几种焚硫炉测温热电偶的材质及使用情况,分析了热电偶易发生故障的原因。通过对几种材料的应用实践,选用镍基高温变形合金材料(Ni45Cr17Al)作保护套管,很好地解决了焚硫炉测温热电偶易坏问题。该热电偶可准确测量焚硫炉温度,为装置长周期稳定运行提供了保障。  相似文献   

5.
阐述福建申远新材料有限公司500 kt/a硫黄制硫酸装置焚硫炉及余热锅炉的结构。详细介绍投料试车前焚硫炉烘炉、余热锅炉煮炉的过程、操作经验及注意事项等,为新建硫黄制硫酸装置的焚硫炉烘炉及余热锅炉煮炉提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
焚硫炉结构设计及材质选择   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
结合实例介绍了大型焚硫炉的设计,并对耐火砌体材质的选择,膨胀缝的留设,机械雾化磺枪的选用,设备内挡墙和旋流装置的设置等进行了详述。  相似文献   

7.
焚硫炉温度测量的长周期有效性对硫磺制酸装置的运行很重要。因为焚硫炉操作温度与二氧化硫浓度的对应关系比较符合理论值,所以通过焚硫炉温度测量值能有效判断喷磺量的合理性;同时尾气排放指标也比较容易得到控制。另外,焚硫炉砌体的安全运行也需要温度计进行监控。现就威顿(中国)化工有限责任公司(以下简称威顿公司)对焚硫炉温度测量的生产实践谈一此看法.  相似文献   

8.
焚硫炉耐火砖内衬在线喷涂修补技术的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
硫磺制酸焚硫炉、废热锅炉或硫铁矿制酸沸腾炉耐火砖内衬局部脱落或开裂是常见问题。威顿公司采用在线喷涂修补技术先后对2套400kt/a硫磺制酸装置焚硫炉耐火砖内衬进行修复,前后仅耗时1个多小时。生产实践表明,喷涂修补技术的应用效果相当好,可以大大延长焚硫炉的使用寿命。  相似文献   

9.
苏州精细化工集团公司 30 0kt/a硫磺制酸装置焚硫炉为卧式圆形结构 ,下部有 6个鞍座 ,分别坐落于 6个条形基础上 ,每个基础上都设有预埋钢板。焚硫炉筒体 内 5384mm× 1 470 0mm ,材质为Q2 35-A碳素钢 ,内部砌筑耐火砖。现场制作安装焚硫炉的难度较大 ,主要表现在如下几个方面 :a  焚硫炉筒体的椭圆度须控制在± 6mm以内。筒体椭圆度控制得好 ,才能有效地保证砌筑的耐火砖内表面的圆度 ,从而保证砌筑质量。b  焊缝强度及严密性要求较高 ,因为焚硫炉投产后 ,其内部砌筑的耐火砖极易出现一些裂纹 ,若焊缝强度及严密性较差 ,焚…  相似文献   

10.
苏州精细化工集团公司300kt/a硫磺制酸装置焚硫炉为卧式圆形结构,下部有6个鞍座,分别坐落于6个条形基础上,每个基础上都设有预埋钢板.焚硫炉筒体内5384mm×14700mm,材质为Q235-A碳素钢,内部砌筑耐火砖.现场制作安装焚硫炉的难度较大,主要表现在如下几个方面:  相似文献   

11.
To reduce heat loss and save cost, a combination decision model of reverb aluminum holding furnace linings in aluminum casting industry was established based on economic thickness method, and was resolved using sim-ulated annealing. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional mathematical model of aluminum holding furnace linings was developed and integrated with user-defined heat load distribution regime model. The optimal combination was as follows:side wal with 80 mm alumino-silicate fiber felts, 232 mm diatomite brick and 116 mm chamotte brick;top wall with 50 mm clay castables, 110 mm alumino-silicate fiber felts and 200 mm refractory concrete;and bottom wal with 232 mm high-alumina brick, 60 mm clay castables and 68 mm diatomite brick. Lining tem-perature from high to low was successively bottom wal , side wal , and top wall. Lining temperature gradient in increasing order of magnitude was refractory layer and insulation layer. It was indicated that the results of com-bination optimization of aluminum holding furnace linings were valid and feasible, and its thermo-physical mechanism and cost characteristics were reasonably revealed.  相似文献   

12.
The reversible thermal expansion from 15–1000°C was measured for kaolin, siliceous and aluminous fire clays, quartzite, alumina, magnesia, and carborundum, after preliminary burnings at cones 06, 9, 14 and 20, and as well as for English commercial silica bricks before and after use in a coke oven and the roof of a steel furnace. Kaolin and bauxitic fire clay after calcination have a regular reversible thermal expansion which does not vary much with the temperature of calcination. Siliceous fire clays, after calcination at cone 06 (980°C) or cone 9 (1280°C) display irregularities (departures from uniformity) in their expansion. Between 500° and 600°C they show a large expansion due to contained quartz and on cooling the contraction in that region is larger than the corresponding expansion. Moreover, the expansion between 100° and 250°C after being fired to cone 9 (1280°C) exceeds the average. After calcination at higher temperatures, cone 14 (1410°C) or cone 20 (1530°C). these materials gradually lose these peculiarities until on incipient vitrification a linear expansion similar to that of kaolin is attained. This change is due to the destruction of quartz by its interaction with the clay material and fluxes; it takes place most easily in a fine-grained, rather friable clay such as ball clay. The previous thermal treatment necessary for a particular clay in order to obtain regular expansion in use can only be determined by trial. It can be stated with confidence that in such a piece of apparatus as a glass pot or crucible, a distinct gain will result from maintenance at a high temperature for some time before use, but that the red heat of an ordinary pot arch is useless for the purpose. An increase in the porosity of a fire clay was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in expansion between 15° and 1000°C until a porosity of 50% was attained. Further increase in porosity produced very little change in the expansion. No irregularities in expansion were shown by magnesia brick, carborundum, or alumina bonded with 10% of ball clay. Welsh quartzite with lime bond, either unfired or after burning at cone 06, had a large expansion to 550 °C and a much larger expansion from 550–600 °C due to the inversion of α to β quartz while from 600–1000°C a slight contraction took place. Firing to cone 9 converted part of the quartz into cristobalite, thus increasing the expansion from 200–250°C. This conversion was considerably increased on burning for two hours at cone 14, which greatly reduced the expansion from 550–600°C with a corresponding increase of that from 200–250°C. The conversion of the quartz into cristobalite was completed by a further heating for two hours at cone 20. Determinations of refractive indices and specific gravities confirmed these results. Flint inverted to cristobalite with greater ease than quartz. Commercial silica brick consisted chiefly of cristobalite and unconverted quartz and showed a large expansion up to 300°C, followed by a considerably smaller but regular expansion to 550°C. From 550° to 600°C the rate of expansion was considerably increased, but above 600°C the change in dimensions was small. The innermost exposed layer of a silica brick after use in a coke oven was an impure glass with a steady expansion, but only half as large as that of the layers of brick behind, which was made for shelling away. A silica brick after use in a steel furnace was divided into four layers. The layer exposed to the furnace heat was practically all cristobalite and silicates, the next layer the same, the third layer showed some α to β quartz expansion as well as the α to β cristobalite expansion, while the fourth (outermost) layer exposed to air was similar to the brick before use. In these bricks exposure to high temperature had evidently completed the change from quartz to cristobalite which had been largely effected in the kiln during manufacture. Little or no tridymite had formed. The reversible thermal expansion from 15–1000°C of the commercial silica brick examined was 1.1 to 1.3%, about double that of fire clay brick.  相似文献   

13.
高强抗热震莫来石砖的研制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
吴凤乔  刘伟  蔡国庆 《耐火材料》2001,35(5):288-289
以优质莫来石作骨料 ,基质中加入电熔白刚玉粉、莫来石细粉、苏州粘土 ,并预先制成混合粉 ,适量添加“三石” ,通过合理的颗粒级配 ,采用高压成型、高温烧成 ,生产出玻璃拉丝窑用高强抗热震莫来石砖。探讨了影响莫来石砖性能的几种因素  相似文献   

14.
In this study, the bonding mechanism and normal/high temperature performance of rectorite clay or ball clay bonded unfired high alumina bricks were investigated by using different techniques (XRD, TG-DSC, SEM, particle size distribution and rheology). The results showed that clay particles are separated into layer structural units in water due to the hydration swelling and electrostatic repulsive force, and rectorite layer structural units have larger aspect ratio than ball clay. Rectorite layer structural units form band-type structure with “face to face” after drying results in better bonding performance than ball clay (card-house structure with “edge to face”). The cold crushing strength of 9% rectorite/ball clay bonded unfired high alumina bricks after firing at the dehydroxylation temperature for 3 h reach 71 MPa and 50 MPa, respectively, and which can satisfy the strength requirement for the transportation and use of most high alumina bricks. The secondary mullitization and lower liquid phase content of ball clay bonded unfired high alumina brick under high temperature cause it has higher refractoriness under load and lower linear shrinkage than rectorite clay bonded brick. The T0.6 refractoriness under load of 9% rectorite/ball clay bonded unfired high alumina brick are 1262.6 °C and 1580.3 °C, respectively. Thus, the 9% ball clay bonded unfired high alumina bricks have wider service temperature range than 9% rectorite bonded bricks.  相似文献   

15.
Purpose. —An investigation was conducted to study the requirements of fire clay and bodies used for fire brick in malleable-iron furnace bungs. Tests were made on complete bungs holding forty sample brick in malleable-iron furnace bungs with twenty different fire brick. Laboratory tests were also made in conjunction with them. Results. —The spalling tests bear the closest relation to the service test; those brick losing less than 10% withstand more than fifteen heats. There is also a relation between the porosities and densities of fire brick, which lie between 15 and 28% and 1.5 and 2.6%, respectively, for the best brick. There is no close relation between the load test and softening-points of fire brick and their lifetime in malleable furnace bungs, so these tests are no criterions in judging the serviceability of brick, provided the brick are sufficiently refractory to support the arch at furnace temperatures. Methods for Improving Fire Brick. —The resistance of a brick to spalling may be governed by: (1) the selection of the proper clays, (2) the size of grain and the proportioning of the non-plastic ingredients, (3) the fineness of grain of the bond clay, (4) the manner of molding, and (5) the temperature of firing.  相似文献   

16.
Some of the progress made in our laboratories in collaboration with industry in research and development work on high performance oxide-nonoxide composites for metallurgical applications has been reviewed. (1) SiAlON bonded corundum composites for blast furnace usage have been produced by reduction-nitridation sintering at high temperature, using bauxite instead of alumina in the matrix. (2) Low carbon Al2O3-SiAlON slide plate materials successfully used in high quality steel continuous casting have been developed in which most or all of the graphite in Al2O3-C brick is replaced by bauxite-based β-SiAlON. (3) Al/Si metal bonded Al2O3-C material characterized by low carbon content, low firing temperature and in-situ formation of carbides and nitrides at high temperature during service are found to possess very high hot strength and very good thermal shock resistance and have also been successfully used as slide plates in ladles and tundishes for high quality steel casting.  相似文献   

17.
A ladle primarily is a container used to transport molten steel from the steelmaking unit to the casting facility.The essential requirements are heat resistant,insulative and strong enough to hold molten steel up to 300 t,with a structure of multilayered refractory lining in a steel shell vessel.When a ladle is assembled with three-phase graphite electrodes,a ladle furnace forms,starting steel refining process with/without the vacuum tank degasser and RH circulating degasser,in order to meet the growing demand on high purity and higher quality steel.The working lining is under aggressive conditions that comprise the chemical reaction with molten steel,the severe corrosion of liquid slag,the disaggregation through oxidation,and the strong stress due to the impacting of the melts and gases and the effects of thermomechanical behaviors.Magnesiacarbon brick is one of the major materials,being indispensable for the slagline of a ladle furnace.Alumina-magnesiacarbon brick has played an important role to substantially increase the service life in the metal zone,from the early lining materials of high alumina and doloma bricks.The permanent lining must assume sufficient responsibility to allow finishing the process of the engaged charge in case of a failure in the working lining.The insulation layer must be as thin as possible in order to maximize the ladle’s capacity,and reduce the shell temperature for saving energy.In this issue,several integrant refractories are reviewed or investigated in order to compile a lining overview,and to contribute a prolonged service life under aggressive working conditions of the ladle furnace.  相似文献   

18.
采用优质高铝矾土和莫来石合成料为主要原料,添加蓝晶石、红柱石、硅线石(简称三石)和叶蜡石等作膨胀剂,使用软质黏土作结合剂,再外加适量添加剂,经适宜温度焙烧制成高铝砖,并成功应用于冶炼低碳钢、不锈钢等钢包内村。该砖在高温区使用时产生微膨胀,使钢包内衬具有良好的整体性,从而提高抗侵蚀性。  相似文献   

19.
A seventy-two hour test was carried out on a continuous side-fired regenerative glass tank furnace with five oil burners on each side. A novel feature of this furnace was the insulation of the entire silica brick cap by means of a high temperature insulating brick. A complete record of the furnace operation during this period is given. Temperature measurements were made a t various points in the furnace and regenerator. A feature of the temperature observations is the great magnitude of the radiation correction when hot gases are flowing through passages lined with cooler brick work. The method described by Kreisinger and Barkley was used in making these measurements. This method could be employed for direct reading of true temperature at any point in the regenerative system. The heat balance of the complete furnace system between points at bottom of regenerators is given. Possible savings of fuel amounting to 14% of the total fuel burned are shown. An important fact brought out by this heat balance is that leakage through furnace brickwork is as prolific a source of heat loss as flow of heat through them by conduction.  相似文献   

20.
After operation of a basic oxygen furnace with a MgO-C brick lining, formation of a dense MgO layer is observed near the working surface. It is affected by soak atmosphere gas in the first stage of operation. As operation of the furnace proceeds, the MgO-C brick being submitted to cyclical heating and cooling, internal oxidation-reduction reactions of MgO and C occur. As a result, needlelike crystals of MgO grow at the interface between the dense MgO layer and the original layer, resulting in further growth of the densi MgO layer.  相似文献   

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