环管反应器内液固两相流的数值模拟

为了对环管反应器内液固两相的流动形态进行研究,建立了以颗粒动力学为基础的Euler-Euler双流体模型.在浆液流速远大于自由沉降速度的情况下,模拟了不同浆液入口速度时的环管反应器上升段压力降,同时对管道内液固两相流中的一些重要参数进行了数值研究:在入口液固两相体积分布均匀的情况下,环管反应器上升段、弯管段以及下降段液固两相体积分布和液固两相速度均不一样,在弯管段由于离心力存在而引起管道内二次流,使得固相颗粒甩向弯管的外侧壁,引起固相体积分数在弯管外侧壁明显增大,管道内固体颗粒相分布不均.在浆液速度v =3 m·s-1时,液相和固相的速度有一定的速度差,随着入口速度增大,速度差变小;当浆液速度v =7 m·s-1时,固体颗粒相速度分布与液相速度基本相同,两者之间的滑移速度可以忽略.计算结果与传统经验公式的比较表明模型能有效地描述环管反应器内压力降和反应器内浆液流动形态.     

工业环管反应器结构对非均匀流动的影响

工业环管反应器的结构参数对管内液固两相流动及装置的平稳高效运行具有重要的影响。对工业聚丙烯环管反应器进行CFD模拟,发现环管反应器中存在明显的非均匀流动现象——弯管处的颗粒偏析和直管处的颗粒带。进而引入非均匀度定量表征非均匀流动,研究直管段长度和直管段数量对非均匀流动的影响。研究发现,对直管段数量为2的环管反应器,当直管段高径比超过43时,出口截面上颗粒分布的非均匀度不随高径比增加而变化;对直管段数量为4的环管反应器,直管段高径比越大,出口截面上颗粒分布越均匀;对直管段长度为39 m、高径比为65的环管反应器,直管段数量越多,出口截面上颗粒分布越均匀;与直管段数量相比,直管段长度(高径比)对出口处非均匀度的影响更显著。研究结果可为工业环管反应器的设计和优化提供指导。     

工业环管反应器结构对非均匀流动的影响

工业环管反应器的结构参数对管内液固两相流动及装置的平稳高效运行具有重要的影响。对工业聚丙烯环管反应器进行CFD模拟，发现环管反应器中存在明显的非均匀流动现象--弯管处的颗粒偏析和直管处的颗粒带。进而引入非均匀度定量表征非均匀流动，研究直管段长度和直管段数量对非均匀流动的影响。研究发现，对直管段数量为2的环管反应器，当直管段高径比超过43时，出口截面上颗粒分布的非均匀度不随高径比增加而变化；对直管段数量为4的环管反应器，直管段高径比越大，出口截面上颗粒分布越均匀；对直管段长度为39 m、高径比为65的环管反应器，直管段数量越多，出口截面上颗粒分布越均匀；与直管段数量相比，直管段长度（高径比）对出口处非均匀度的影响更显著。研究结果可为工业环管反应器的设计和优化提供指导。     

聚丙烯环管反应器内颗粒粒径分析研究

利用计算流体动力学软件对环管反应器内丙烯聚合生成的颗粒粒径分布进行了数值模拟。以CFDPBM耦合模型为基础,通过矩量法对反应器内流体流动行为进行模拟。结果表明,在反应过程中,颗粒在第四段弯管处囤积严重。为提高反应速率、从理论上探讨反应器内复杂的浆液流动情况,进一步研究了颗粒破碎、聚并以及破碎聚并这3种情况下颗粒的平均粒径变化情况。约40min后,颗粒在第四段直管段顶部达到破碎与聚并动态平衡时,平均粒径约为283μm,与实际生产数据相吻合。因此,该模型可作为提高工业产品质量的理论指导。     

聚丙烯环管反应器的模拟与参数在反应器内的分布

本文以实际运行的聚丙烯环管反应器为基础，分析了物料在反应器内的流动特性，建立了数学模型。通过对模型的求解，得到了固含率、物料浓度、床层温度和冷却水温度等参数在反应器内沿物料流动方向上的分布。计算结果与实际数据的拟合较好，为聚丙烯反应器的优化操作提供了依据。     

聚丙烯环管反应器的模拟

以荆门石化总厂 7万t/a聚丙烯装置为基础 ,介绍了环管反应器特点 ,分析了物料在环管反应器中的流动特性 ,建立了符合其性能的数学模型。通过对模型的求解 ,得到了固含率、单体浓度、反应器温度、冷却水温度、聚合反应速率、链转移反应速率和催化剂失活速率等参数与环管反应器管长度的关系 ,为聚丙烯环管反应器的优化操作提供了理论依据     

丙烯聚合反应动态模拟

从聚合反应动力学出发,根据反应系统内物料平衡和能量平衡原理,建立环管式丙烯聚合反应器动态数学模型,并采用机理模型与经验模型相结合的方法给出聚丙烯熔融指数推理模型。使用建立的数学模型,对反应器进行仿真试验,考察操作条件的变化对反应温度、浆液密度和产品熔融指数等产生的影响。采用该数学模型,可以准确地预测出操作条件的变化对产品质量的影响,对实际生产过程中产品质量的调整与控制具有指导意义。     

聚丙烯环管反应器的模拟

以荆门石化总厂7万t/a聚丙烯装置为基础，介绍了环管反应器的特点，分析了物料在环管反应器的流动特性，建立了符合其性能的数学模型。通过对模型的求解，得到了固含率，单体浓度，反应器温度，冷却水温度，聚合反应速率，链转移反应速率和催化剂失活速率等参数与环管反应器管长度的关系，为聚丙烯环管反应器的优化操作提供了理论依据。     

聚丙烯系统热力学及反应器模拟研究

热力学模型的可靠性是流程模拟的关键,本文基于Aspen plus软件,核算了聚丙烯系统的热力学性质和相平衡,对计算偏差较大的物性参数重新拟合,最终得到新的计算结果与实验值吻合较好。建立三种不同反应器组合模型来模拟环管反应器,得到循环比对反应器出口温度、反应器热负荷、聚丙烯产量和聚丙烯分子量的影响。对比不同模型发现,组合环管反应器可以根据夹套冷却水温度分布,有效解释管内淤浆的温度分布变化,从而有利于优化循环比及反应温度。     

小型提升管反应器流动-反应耦合模拟

在提升管气固两相湍流流动模型和重油反应动力学集总模型的基础上,利用Fluent软件建立了催化裂化提升管反应器气固两相流动与反应耦合模型,对实验室小型提升管反应器进行了数值模拟,考察了气固两相的流动、传热、传质与反应过程。结果表明,提升管反应器内气固两相在轴向和径向的流动、传热与反应的分布不均匀。在入口附近。原料和催化剂温度变化显著,各组分的浓度变化剧烈,在提升管上部,变化平缓。反应器出口各组分质量分数的模拟值和实验值基本吻合。说明该模型对提升管反应器出口参数和反应结果具有较好的预测性。     

Three-dimensional CFD model of the temperature field for a pilot-plant tubular loop polymerization reactor

A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, using an Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model which incorporates the kinetic theory of granular flow, the energy balance and heat transfer equations, was developed to describe the steady-state liquid-solid two-phase flow in a loop propylene polymerization reactor composing of loop and axial flow pump. The entire temperature field in the reactor was calculated by the model. The predicted pressure gradient data were found to agree well with the classical calculated data. Furthermore, the model was used to investigate the influences of the circulation flow velocity, the slurry concentration, the solid particle size and the cool water temperature on the temperature field in the reactor. The simulation results showed that the whole loop can be divided into four sections. In addition, the simulation results also showed that the continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) assumption is invalid for the entire field in the loop reactor.     

Coupling of CFD with PBM for a pilot-plant tubular loop polymerization reactor

A computational fluid dynamics model, coupled with population balance model (CFD–PBM), was developed to describe the liquid–solid two-phase flow in a pilot-plant tubular loop propylene polymerization reactor. The model combines the advantage of CFD to calculate the entire flow field and that of PBM to calculate the particle size distribution (PSD). Particle growth, aggregation and breakage were taken into account to describe the evolution of the PSD. The model was first validated by comparing simulation results with the classical calculated data. Furthermore, four cases studies, involving particle aggregation, particle breakage, particle growth or involving particle growth, breakage and aggregation, were designed to identify the model. The entire flow behavior and PSD in the tubular loop reactor, i.e. PSD, solid holdup and liquid phase velocity distribution, were also obtained numerically. The results showed that the model is effective in describing the entire flow behavior and in tracking the evolution of the PSD.     

Numerical simulation of liquid-solid two-phase flow in a tubular loop polymerization reactor

Understanding hydrodynamics of tubular loop reactors is crucial in proper scale-up and design of these reactors. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have shown promise in gaining this understanding. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) CFD model, using a Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model incorporating the kinetic theory of granular flow, was developed to describe the steady-state liquid-solid two-phase flow in a tubular loop propylene polymerization reactor composing of loop and axial flow pump. Corresponding simulations were carried out in the commercial CFD code Fluent. The entire flow field in the loop reactor was calculated by the model. The predicted pressure gradient data were found to agree well with the classical calculated data. Furthermore, the model was used to investigate the influences of the circulation flow velocity and the sold particle size on the solid hold-up. The simulation results showed that the solid hold-up has a relatively uniform distribution in the loop reactor at small particles in volume and high-circulation flow velocities.     

Three-dimensional CFD study of liquid–solid flow behaviors in tubular loop polymerization reactors: The effect of guide vane

A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, using an Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model incorporating the kinetic theory of granular flow, is adopted to describe the steady-state liquid–solid two-phase flow under conditions employed in a tubular loop propylene polymerization reactor composed of loop and axial flow pump. The model is validated by comparing its simulation result with the classical calculated data as well as a set of data collected from certain pilot plant in China. The entire flow behaviors and the effects of guide vane on them in the reactor are also investigated numerically. Especially, the whole field in the loop reactor with the guide vane is obtained via the above model. The results show that a guide vane weakens the turbulent intensity, reduces the component of the rotating velocity, and contributes to the uniform distribution of the particles in the reactor. The second flow phenomenon is successfully predicted in the loop reactor with the guide vane.     

环管反应器中聚丙烯颗粒内部的质量与热量传递模型

针对环管反应器中Ziegler-Natta催化剂催化的聚丙烯颗粒增长过程,采用多层模型建立了聚丙烯颗粒内部的质量与热量传递预测模型.通过模型模拟得到聚丙烯颗粒内部的丙烯单体浓度梯度和温度梯度.此外,通过模型分析了聚丙烯颗粒的增长规律.结果表明,环管反应器中的聚丙烯颗粒内部的单体浓度梯度明显,该浓度梯度值随扩散系数的增大而减小,随催化剂初始粒径减小而减小;相比于浓度梯度而言,聚丙烯颗粒内部的温度梯度并不明显,温度值随聚合进行而增加,温度梯度则随催化剂初始粒径的增加而增加;不同大小的催化剂颗粒增长得到的聚丙烯颗粒的增长倍数不同.     

尼龙66连续缩聚过程模拟

为加深对聚己二酰己二胺(尼龙66)缩聚过程的理解,指导尼龙66生产过程的优化和新工艺开发,本研究基于聚合反应特性以及反应器流体力学特征,耦合聚合反应动力学模型、水-聚合物体系的汽液平衡模型以及传质模型,建立了尼龙66连续缩聚过程管式反应器和后缩聚反应器的数学模型,实现了尼龙66连续聚合过程的模拟。聚合物分子量及水含量的模拟值符合工业生产数据,验证了模型的可靠性,模拟分析了聚合工艺参数对聚合物分子量及水含量的影响,结果表明减少醋酸含量、提高反应器温度、降低管式反应器和后缩聚反应器压力均有利于快速提升聚合物分子量。较优的工艺条件为后缩聚器温度280~285℃,卧管式反应器压力1.600~1.750MPa。建立的模型准确性好,可用于考察工艺参数的影响,指导工业应用。     

Preliminary Design of a Loop Reactor for Bulk Propylene Polymerization

Some typical problems in the early design stages of a tubular loop reactor for bulk propylene polymerization are analyzed. Characteristic variables are identified, and a shortcut method for the preliminary estimation of the reactor dimensions is developed. the influences of process variables such as catalytic activity, suspended solid fraction, and average particle size are studied. In particular, a relationship between the average particle size in the reactor and the particle size at both the inlet and the outlet is obtained. the behavior of the reactor under different operating conditions is studied, and critical parameters are identified. Most relevant results are related to the importance of the particle size inside the reactor. the two goals of maximum yield and maximum productivity for a given loop reactor configuration cannot be achieved simultaneously: While catalyst yield increases with the third power of the average particle size in the reactor, the smaller the average particle size in the reactor, the greater the productivity. the steps to be followed for a preliminary design of a propylene polymerization, loop reactor are discussed. A priority list for the sequence of parameters to be adopted is proposed, according to the relative importance of the variables involved.     

Heat transfer coefficient in a high pressure tubular reactor for ethylene polymerization

Heat transfer in tubular reactors for the high pressure polymerization of ethylene is very complex, since these tubular reactors are usually divided into several zones that exhibit different flow patterns and critical fouling behavior. The correct estimation of the overall heat transfer coefficient along the reactor axial distance is a major issue when assessing the predictive capabilities of a mathematical model for the process. In general, previous models employed either constant heat transfer coefficients or the usual correlations for the Nusselt number. Neither of these two approaches is accurate enough to allow a correct prediction of the reactor behavior with respect to temperature profiles and product molecular properties. The present work performs a more comprehensive estimation of the heat transfer coefficient in these reactors. At a first stage the overall heat transfer coefficients were estimated by using approapriate energy balances and a good set of experimental data. Then, a predictive model was proposed for the overall heat transfer coefficient. All flow regimes, as well as fouling effects, were taken into account, and the parameter estimation was based on temperature profiles obtained from an industrial reactor. The temperature profiles, conversions, pressures and molecular properties calculated by means of the experimentally fitted heat transfer coefficients or with the predictive model showed good agreement with plant data.