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1883年,美国匹兹堡平板玻璃公司(Pittsburgh Plate Glass)在宾夕法尼亚州注册成立,时值美国南北战争结束不久、《彭德尔顿法》刚刚颁布,政治稳定,经济复苏,大大小小的工业公司如雨后春笋般在广袤的美利坚大陆上争相建立——但当时恐怕没有多少人能想到这个毫不起眼专做平板玻璃的小公司能存在多久。时光荏苒,一晃124年过去了,当年的匹兹堡平板玻璃公司早已经超出了玻璃产业的局限性,成长为全球领先的化工企业,生产及经营涂料、化学品、光学产品、特殊材料、玻璃及玻璃纤维。如今,她有个响亮的名字:PPG工业集团。 相似文献
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玻璃表面处理是应用物理、化学、机械等方法改变玻璃的表面形态、表面化学组成、表面结构或应力状态,得到要求的物性和功能.发达国家广泛利用表面处理技术开发了新品种、提高了质量、增加了产值.国际上玻璃工业大部分利润来自功能薄膜等二次加工,产值可增加几倍.我国是一个玻璃工业大国,多年来平板玻璃产量占世界第一,日用玻璃也占有重要地位,但产品品种少、质量比较差、设备落后、生产效率低、能源消耗大、污染严重,仍是高投入、重污染、低产出的粗放型生产方式.按照我国科学发展观的要求,将循环经济概念贯彻到发展中,需要进行玻璃产品结构调整、工艺升级换代,生产出科技含量大、附加值高的产品,最有效地利用资源和节约能源,最大限度地减少环境污染,达到生态良性循环,走可持续发展的道路.玻璃表面处理具有低投入、轻污染、高产出的特点,符合循环经济的要求.但我国玻璃表面处理方面与国际先进水平相比仍有一定的差距.除引进的项目外,目前企业规模小、比较分散,大部分仍停留在传统工艺水平上,影响了产品的质量和附加值的提高.近代大规模的玻璃表面处理已不能单凭技艺,需要较高的科学技术水平和进行创新,才能生产一流的产品.为提高科学技术水平,就需要科研和教育,需要培养人才,其中科学技术书籍是必不可少的. 相似文献
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明胶在糖果中的应用示例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
明胶在食品工业中的应用主要用于生产明胶凝胶糖果。明胶是动物的骨和皮等结缔组织,通过一系列的工艺处理,降解其所含胶原得到的纯蛋白质产品,蛋白质含量不低于85%。它非常容易交织成不易断裂的链和网状结构,能形成强度很大的凝胶,并且是一种可逆性的亲水胶体。在糖果生产中,明 相似文献
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TiO2是宽禁带(Eg=3.2ev)半导体材料,只能吸收少于5%的太阳光能,这限制了TiO2的实际应用,而金属离子掺杂、染料光敏化以及复合半导体均存在一定的缺陷.掺氮的TiO2(TiO2-xNx)可以克服这些缺陷并将吸光范围扩展到可见光区,具有令人欣慰的前景.本文就目前对TiO2-xNx光催化剂的制备以及在环境保护中实际应用的研究状况进行综述,并提出未来TiO2-xNx的研究趋势. 相似文献
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研究了天然可降解高分子材料木质素与LDPE-EVA的共混性能及进一步制备发泡材料的力学性能,共混物SEM图表明,在增容剂LDPE-g-MAH的作用下,木质素均匀地分散于LDPE-EVA基体中,并明显形成了一定的过渡层;DSC曲线分析表明,木质素/LDPE-EVA共混物有且只有一个介于两者吸热峰之间的吸热峰,进一步说明了两者具有较好的相容性。综合看来,10份LDPE-g-MAH增容20份含量的木质素与100份55/45的LDPE-EVA配以0.5份交联剂在130℃下混合具有较好的共混性能。同时,采用模塑发泡能得到具有优良力学性能和较好形貌的木质素/LDPE-EVA发泡材料。 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Dongjiang Yang Yao Xu Lei Zhang Shangru Zhai Dong Wu Yuhan Sun 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):127-131
A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by 1H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO2 coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N2 absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals. 相似文献
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Peter A. Edwards Grant Striemer Dean C. Webster 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2005,2(7):517-527
Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins.
Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol.
The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and
cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on
the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to
determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model
amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate
functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago,
IL. 相似文献
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