插层法制备环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

选用有机化蒙脱土，分别利用溶液插层和熔融插层法制备了环氧树脂／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，研究了上述复合体系的黏度、插层体系的固化反应性及插层方法对于相结构的影响。结果表明：插层剂对环氧树脂在低温时的反应性将产生一定的影响，但在高温反应时的影响不大；其黏度随着蒙脱土的引入而增大，并显现出触变性；采用不同的插层方法均可得到类似的复合体系的相结构。     

橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备技术进展

橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优异的特性，如补强性、阻隔性和透明性，因而成为橡胶工业中研究的重点方向之一。总结了近年来国内外关于橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究报道，重点介绍了橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构、制备技术和插层机理。     

原位插层聚合制备PVC/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用氯乙烯单体直接插层到蒙脱土中进行原位插层聚合，制备纳米复合材料，并用小角X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电子探针技术对复合材料进行了结构表征。实验结果表明：采用原位插层聚合法制得的PVC／蒙脱土（MMT）复合材料为剥离型纳米复合材料。     

熔融插层法制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

综述了熔融插层法制备聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料的新进展。熔融插层法制备聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有设备简单、无单体限制和不需要溶剂的优点,并从热力学角度探讨了熔融插层法制备聚合物,蒙脱土纳米复合材料的不足以及改进措施。     

胶乳接枝插层法制备天然橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

采用胶乳接枝插层法，引入单体，制备了天然橡胶/蒙脱士纳米复合材料。XRD和TEM结果表明，在单体M的作用下，改性蒙脱士片层被进一步撑大，并在橡胶基体中以纳米级分散；DMA测定结果显示，该体系的玻璃化温度有所提高且60℃时具有较低的tanδ值，说明具有较小的滚动阻力；物理机械性能测试表明该方法有效地实现了对天然橡胶的补强。     

原位接枝插层法制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用原位接枝插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.借助长链有机胺有机化的蒙脱土在溶液中与马来酸酐和少量辅助溶胀剂进行溶胀;溶胀后的有机蒙脱土再与聚丙烯、适量引发剂在Haake混炼机中进行熔融反应,得到一种聚丙烯/蒙脱土接枝插层共混物;再将接枝插层共混物按一定比例与聚丙烯在Haake混炼机中进行混炼得到聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和热失重分析仪(TGA)分别对各步骤的产物进行表征.产物的XRD和TEM分析结果表明蒙脱土完全剥离并均匀分散在聚丙烯基体中,形成了真正的聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.TGA分析结果显示出该纳米复合材料具有相当好的热稳定性.     

聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

以蒙脱土／十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为前驱物负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂，通过插层原位聚合的方法制备了聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料。对聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备规律进行了研究。用透射电镜、扫描电镜、XRD，DSC等手段研究了结构和性能的相互关系，以及蒙脱土的含量对复合材料熔点与结晶行为的影响。研究表明：蒙脱土的片层结构被破坏，并以纳米级均匀分散在聚合物基体中。蒙脱土的质量分数为3％左右时，聚乙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料具有优良的综合性能。     

聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

简要介绍蒙脱土晶体结构及聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料形成机理．重点综述纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能、发展方向和应用前景等。     

插层法制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

对插层法制备聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的国内外研究现状作了简要的回顾，并对聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能、结晶性能、阻隔性能、热稳定性、各向异性及阻燃性能进行了综述。     

配位插层聚合法制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

综述了用单体配位插层聚合法制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的特点、操作过程及研究现状.该方法是采用微波加热技术用阳离子交换树脂将天然蒙脱土层间交换上过渡金属离子,利用单体与过渡金属离子之间的配位作用将单体引入蒙脱土层间,然后进行原位聚合制备聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.     

Poly(etherimide)/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation

A novel aromatic amine organo‐modifier synthesized in our previous work was used to treat montmorillonite (MMT) and the organo‐modified MMT was used to prepare poly(etherimide) (PEI)/MMT nanocomposites by a melt intercalation method. MMT treated by this amine exhibited large layer‐to‐layer spacing and a high ion‐exchange ratio (>95%). The nanocomposites were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical analysis, a universal tester, thermogravimetric analysis, and by differential scanning calorimetry. The results of XRD and TEM showed that the nanocomposites formed exfoliated structures even when the MMT content was 10 wt %. When the MMT content was below 3 wt %, the PEI/MMT nanocomposites were strengthened and toughened at the same time. The nanocomposites also showed marked decreases in coefficient of thermal expansion and solvent uptake. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1857–1863, 2003     

Technological and processing properties of natural rubber layered silicate‐nanocomposites by melt intercalation process

Natural rubber nanocomposites were produced by melt‐mixing of natural rubber with organically modified silicates. For comparison, a pristine‐layered silicate and a nonlayered version [English Indian clay (EIC)] were also included in the study. The layered silicate used was sodium bentonite (BNT) and organoclays used were octadecylamine‐ modified montmorillonite (MMT‐ODA) and methyltallow bis‐2‐hydroxyethyl ammonium‐modified montmorillonite (MMT‐ TMDA). Accelerated sulfur system was used for the vulcanization of the nanocomposites. The dispersion of these silicates was studied by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The organoclay‐incorporated composites exhibited faster curing and improved mechanical properties. The improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites followed the order MMT‐ODA > MMT‐TMDA > EIC > BNT. The property improvement was attributed to the intercalation/exfoliation of the organically modified silicates because of their high initial interlayer distance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2537–2543, 2006     

Preparation and properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite layered nanocomposites

Polypropylene (PP)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites have been prepared by melt intercalation using organomontmorillonite and conventional twin screw extrusion. The dispersibility of silicate layers of the montmorillonite in the composites was investigated by using X‐ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The silicate layers of montmorillonite are dispersed at the nanometer level in the PP matrix, as revealed by X‐ray and TEM results. The tensile strength of PP/MMT is not much improved compared with pure PP or conventional filled composites. However, the impact strength is greatly improved at lower content of MMT. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

有机蒙脱土／硅橡胶膜的制备及吸水性能研究

采用不同碳链长度的季铵盐作为插层剂改性钠蒙脱土,以硅橡胶为基体,用溶液插层法制备有机蒙脱土／硅橡胶纳米复合材料。系统分析了有机蒙脱土对硅橡胶吸水性能的影响,包括胶膜吸水性和吸水后的力学性能。通过X射线、红外表征了有机蒙脱土的结构。实验结果袁明,烷基碳原予数越多,所制备的有机蒙脱土／硅橡胶纳米复合材料对水的阻隔性越好;当蒙脱土质量分数为3％时,吸水性最低,吸水后力学性能下降幅度最小。     

Preparation,structure, and properties of montmorillonite/cellulose II/natural rubber nanocomposites

In this work, sodium montmorillonite clay was added, as filler, to nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR) and cellulose II (regenerated cellulose) in amounts varying from 0 to 5 phr (per hundred resin). Natural rubber (NR)/cellulose II/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by co‐coagulating NR latex, montmorillonite aqueous suspension and cellulose xanthate. The clay was previously exfoliated in water, and the resulting suspension was then added to the mixture of NR latex with cellulose xanthate. Morphological, rheometric, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated, and an increase in these properties was observed upon the addition of cellulose and clay nanomaterials to the rubber matrix. The results show the advantage in using cellulose as a nanopolymer as well as MMT as nanofiller. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Prepared hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR)/organo–montmorillonite nanocomposites by the melt intercalation method

The polymer, Hydrogenated Nitrile‐Butadiene Rubber (HNBR) was melt compounded with organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT). The dispersion of the OMMT in the HNBR matrix was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated that at the temperature of 100°C, the organoclay belong to the exfoliated and interlayer structure. The effect of sulfur on the dispersion of OMMT in the polymer matrix was also studied. The vulcanization changed the dispersion of OMMT in polymer matrix greatly and the basal spacing of clay layers is decreased after vulcanization. The mechanical properties, Akron abrasion and the crude oil medium aging‐resistant of HNBR nanocomposites were examined as a function of the OMMT content in the matrix of polymer. The results of the test show remarkable improvement in tensile strength, tear strength, aging‐resistant, and hardness of HNBR nanocomposites than that of unfilled HNBR. It is obvious that the 10 phr of OMMT filled nanocomposites have the best mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis and properties of silicone rubber/organomontmorillonite hybrid nanocomposites

In this article, silicone rubber/organomontmorillonite hybrid nanocomposites were prepared via a melt-intercalation process. The resulting hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results proved that the organomontmorillonite could be exfoliated into ca. 50-nm thickness and uniformly dispersed in the silicone rubber matrix during the melt-intercalation process. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the hybrids were very close to those of aerosilica-filled silicone rubber. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1557–1561, 1998     

橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究——不同改性工艺的影响

采用不同的工艺对蒙脱土进行了有机改性，采用胶乳共沉的方法制备了蒙脱土／天然胶纳米复合材料，研究了不同改性工艺对结构及性能的影响，引进了超声改性的方法，找到一种时间短，耗能少，价廉的改性工艺。     

Preparation and properties of polyethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites by in situ polymerization

Polyethylene (PE)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ coordination polymerization using a MMT/MgCl₂/TiCl₄ catalyst activated by Al(Et)₃. The catalyst was prepared by first diffusing MgCl₂ into the swollen MMT layers, followed by loading TiCl₄ on the inner/outer layer surfaces of MMT where MgCl₂ was already deposited. The intercalation of MMT layers by MgCl₂ and TiCl₄ was demonstrated by the enlarged interlayer spacing determined by WAXD. The nanoscale dispersion of MMT layers in the polyethylene matrix was characterized by WAXD and TEM. As a consequence, the crystallinity of the nanocomposite decreased sharply, whereas the tensile strength was significantly improved compared to that of virgin polyethylene of comparable molecular weight. The confinement of the nanodispersed MMT layers to molecular chain and the strong interaction between the nanoscale MMT layers and the resin matrix were thought to account for the decrease of crystallinity and the remarkable enhancement of strength. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3680–3684, 2003