用二甲基二氯硅烷水解物代替混合环体生产107甲基室温硫化硅橡胶

分析了１０７甲基室温硫化硅橡胶生产中造成粘度波动和收率较低的因素，通过改变原料，有二甲基二氯硅烷水解物代替甲基混合环体，提高了产品收率，降低了成本，粘度也易于控制。     

甲基氯硅烷高沸物醇水解制备高沸硅油工艺研究

介绍了以甲基氯硅烷高沸物为原料制备高沸硅油的方法,并对影响高沸硅油粘度和收率的因素进行了研究,考察其过程工艺参数的变化对制备特定范围指标和良好经济效益的产品提供现实依据。结果表明,水-甲醇中水的用量对粘度影响最显著,反应时间对收率影响最明显。     

对甲基苯磺酰氯生产工艺的改进

对甲苯氯磺化法生产对甲基苯磺酰氯的工艺条件进行了探索和改进，提高了对甲基苯磺酰氯的收率，并可在不影响收率的条件下随时调整产品中对位、邻位甲基苯磺酰氯的比例。     

甲基铝氧烷的合成

用含水硅胶作为三甲基铝的水解剂制备了甲基铝氧烷(MAO)，研究了影响MAO收率及聚合活性的因素，得到了合成MAO的最佳反应条件。结果表明，水／TMA(摩尔比)、三甲基铝的滴加时间、低温反应时间对MAO的收率及其聚合活性有直接影响，硅胶中水的质量分数对MAO反应收率有较明显的影响，而对MAO的聚合活性影响不大。合成MAO反应的最佳工艺条件是：水／三甲基铝(摩尔比)1．4，三甲基铝滴加时间lh，低温反应时间2h。在最佳工艺条件下，MAO的反应收率可达到49％。     

高固体份含硅丙烯酸树脂涂料的合成

研究了（甲基）丙烯酸及其酯类单体中阻聚剂的去除方法，合成了含硅丙烯酸树脂溶液，发现随着含硅单体加入量的增加，转化率变低；乙烯基含硅单体促使溶液的粘度降低，随着烷氧基的增大，粘度降低得越多；甲基丙类酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷由于易水解缩聚，所以含量高时，转化率变高，粘度增大。     

合成甲基磺酰氯的新方法

在盐酸介质中，利用双氧水氧化Ｓ－甲基异硫脲盐，合成了甲基磺酰氯，收率７０％。     

合成2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚的优化作

以对甲基苯酚和异丁烯为原料，以浓硫酸为催化剂，选择性合成2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚，考察了反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对合成2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚转化率和收率的影响。结果表明，在反应温度75℃，催化剂用量4％，反应时间45min时，2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚合成转化率达94．5％，产物收率为86．2％。     

3，5-双三氟甲基苯甲酸的合成研究

3，5-双三氟甲基苯甲酸[CAS：725-89-3]的合成是先通过1，3-二溴-5，5-二甲基乙内酰脲，与1，3-双三氟甲基苯生成3，5-双三氟甲基溴苯，收率98％，选择性99％。然后由3，5-双三氟甲基溴苯作原料来合成3，5-双三氟甲基苯甲酸，收率72％以上。本文讨论了不同反应摩尔比，反应温度等条件，并得到最优化条件。     

固—液相转移催化法合成α—甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯

本文报道了固液相转移催化法合成α－甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯，探讨了催化剂、溶剂、反应温度对合成收率的影响，得到了较好的收率。     

3-甲基-4-丁酰氨基-5-氨基苯甲酸甲酯的合成

3-甲基-4-丁酰氨基-5-氨基苯甲酸甲酯是重要的药物中间体。以3-甲基-4-丁酰氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料，经硝硫混酸硝化、铁粉还原得到目标化合物3-甲基-4-丁酰氨基-5-氨基苯甲酸甲酯，总收率72％。研究了硝硫混酸配比、硝化反应时间、还原反应温度、还原反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响，该工艺具有生产成本低，产品质量稳定，收率高的优点。     

油田本源微生物胞外聚合物产生菌AD-05发酵条件的实验室评估

对一株筛选自辽河油田油水样的生物聚合物产生菌AD-05进行了发酵条件的室内评估。结果表明:菌株AD-05为一株革兰氏阴性杆菌,菌落数、发酵液黏度及多糖产量具有很好的相关性。菌株在pH=8.0下,培养27 h,多糖产量达到25.2 mg·m L-1,黏度为59.96 m Pa·s;能够耐受8%NaCl。发酵产物胞外多糖在80℃下放置30 h黏度变化不明显。菌株AD-05的发酵特性为其应用于油藏出油率低、地层条件复杂的采油矿场提供了可能性。     

正交试验法研究四溴双酚A聚碳酸酯的合成

以三光气(BTC)和四溴双酚A(TBBPA)为原料,经界面缩聚合成了四溴双酚A聚碳酸酯(TBBPA PC)。用红外光谱表征聚合物结构,粘度法测定产物特性粘数以比较相对分子量。通过正交试验考查不同反应条件下产物特性粘数及产率的变化规律。实验结果表明,反应温度对调控TBBPA PC分子量最为显著。     

角蛋白对膏霜黏度影响的研究

研究了角蛋白对聚丙烯酰胺/C13-14异链烷烃/月桂醇聚醚-7作为增稠剂的水分散体系黏度与屈服应力的影响,考察了以聚丙烯酰胺/C13-14异链烷烃/月桂醇聚醚-7作为增稠剂的O/W型膏霜体系中角蛋白对体系黏度的影响。结果表明,角蛋白添加到护肤产品中会使产品黏度和屈服应力大幅下降,但通过几种增稠剂的协同作用会减弱其在膏霜中的降黏作用。     

Study of the influence of reaction conditions on the degree of substitution,intrinsic viscosity,and yield of oxidized cellulose acetate by factorial experimental design

A half‐fraction, two‐level, four‐factor factorial experimental design was used to study the effects of the acetic anhydride concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and sulfuric acid concentration on the degree of substitution, intrinsic viscosity, and yield of oxidized cellulose acetate (OCA). Oxidized cellulose containing 20% (w/w) carboxylic acid was used as the starting material. The data were fitted by multiple regression analysis with SAS software. The correlation coefficients obtained from plots of the predicted and observed values for the degree of substitution, intrinsic viscosity, and yield were 0.985, 0.993, and 0.991, respectively. Residual normal plots of the regression models showed a linear relationship. Lenth and main‐factor‐effect plots revealed an increase in the degree of substitution of OCA with an increasing concentration of acetic anhydride. The latter had no effect on the intrinsic viscosity and yield of OCA. An increase in the reaction temperature led to an increase in the degree of substitution and a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity and yield of OCA. The influence of the reaction time on the degree of substitution and intrinsic viscosity followed a trend similar to that observed with the reaction temperature, but the yield of OCA was unaffected. Increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid reduced the degree of substitution, intrinsic viscosity, and yield of OCA. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 696–705, 2005     

用落球法测量悬浮体表观粘度

采用落球法测量了密相气固流化床表观粘度,发现流化床的流变特性可用Bingham粘塑性模型描述,床层的有效粘度可由下式计算 μ     

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sweet potato powder for the production of ethanol under conditions of very high gravity

Due to its merits of drought tolerance and high yield, sweet potatoes are widely considered as a potential alterative feedstock for bioethanol production. Very high gravity (VHG) technology is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of ethanol fermentation from starch materials. However, this technology has rarely been applied to sweet potatoes because of the high viscosity of their liquid mash. To overcome this problem, cellulase was added to reduce the high viscosity, and the optimal dosage and treatment time were 8 U/g (sweet potato powder) and 1 h, respectively. After pretreatment by cellulase, the viscosity of the VHG sweet potato mash (containing 284.2 g/L of carbohydrates) was reduced by 81%. After liquefaction and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), the final ethanol concentration reached 15.5% (v/v), and the total sugar conversion and ethanol yields were 96.5% and 87.8%, respectively.     

Energy-saving direct ethanol production from viscosity reduction mash of sweet potato at very high gravity (VHG)

Sweet potato is an important dietary and economic material in China (accounting for 85% of global production in 2005) and Southeast Asia. The limitation of using root and tuber of sweet potato mash at high solids content is attributed to its high viscous nature. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different viscosity reduction factors and found optimal parameters via a surface response design. The optimal xylanase enzyme dose, pretreatment time and temperature were 1.56 AGU/g, 87.6 min and 44.1 °C, respectively. Using pretreatment sweet potato mash on the optimized condition, the final viscosity 498.1 cp and ethanol yield of 135.1 g/kg was obtained by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was equivalent to 90.7% of the theoretical yield.     

On the Influence of Liquid Derivatives of Lanolin on the Rheology of Hydrocarbon Ointment Bases

Three members of liquid derivatives of lanolin representing three basically different types of these derivatives were studied for their rheological characteristics. The rheological investigation was performed through the determination of flow curve, structural viscosity, yield value, plastic viscosity, coefficients M and B of thixotropic breakdown and quotient R of structural recovery.     

加工流程次序对石蜡和基础油生产过程的影响

介绍了国内外在石蜡和润滑油的工业生产中所采用的加工流程次序和工艺路线情况，分析了加工流程次序的选择对生产过程的影响。分析结论认为正、反序加工流程对中、低粘度馏分油加工方案都有适用性，对以石蜡方案为主的高含蜡馏分油和采用糠醛精制进行加工时，采用反序流程应该更有利，建议采用正序流程加工高沸点馏分油和渣油轻脱沥青油。同时建议采用在溶解性和选择性等性能上比糠醛更好的甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂。     

Effect of the aeration rate on pullulan production and fermentation broth rheological properties in an airlift reactor

The effect of aeration rate on pullulan production and the rheological properties of the fermentation broth in an airlift reactor was investigated. An airlift fermenter was shown to be an appropriate fermentation system for the production of pullulan. A maximum pullulan concentration (30 kg m^?3), biomass concentration (6.0 kg m^?3), pullulan yield (60%, w/w) and sugar utilization (100%, w/w) was obtained at an aeration rate of 2 vvm. The mycelium and the yeast‐like cells were the morphological forms responsible for pullulan production. The highest polysaccharide concentration was obtained when the mycelial forms and the yeast‐like cells were 60% and 40% (w/w) of the total biomass, respectively. The apparent viscosity of the broth was increased with the increase of the aeration rate from 1 to 2 vvm and then decreased at higher vvms. On the other hand, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient continually increased with the increase of the aeration rate. The mycelial forms and the production of extracellular polysaccharide were responsible for the non‐Newtonian flow behaviour of the fermentation broth. The rheological behaviour can be characterized by a power law type of equation. The relationship between shear rate/shear stress and shear rate/apparent viscosity showed a non‐Newtonian behaviour of the fermentation broth. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry