水中铟(Ⅲ)的分离富集及资源化回用研究进展

我国铟资源在世界上处于绝对的优势地位, 但国内生产工艺水平低, 导致大量原生铟在生产加工过程中流失, 严重阻碍我国高新技术产业的发展。而铟具有很好的再生性, 国内外不少学者对铟的富集回用做出研究。文章回顾了传统分离富集法, 主要包括沉淀法、离子交换法和溶剂萃取法等, 简述了各个方法的优缺点及未来的发展趋势, 并着重分析了目前分离富集铟的新型方法:液膜法、萃淋树脂法、螯合树脂法、溶剂微胶囊法、浮选法及纳米技术等。指出在合适的条件下, 运用这些技术可对铟进行有效地分离回收, 并对分离富集铟的技术发展作出展望:加强这些技术所使用分离材料的稳定性、分离机理以及传质模型的研究, 以期发展出具有低能耗、低成本的优势技术。     

用溶剂萃取法从ITO膜蚀刻废液中回收金属铟的实验研究

文章对ITO膜蚀刻废液中锱的回收进行了研究。首先采用TBP萃取蚀刻废液,在实验的最优条件下经两次萃取,钢的萃取率可达到96.2％。然后用水反萃TBP有机相,不仅反萃了金属铟,并实现了铟、锡分离。使用P2O4对反萃液萃取及盐酸反萃富集,所得的富钢溶液由NaOH调节pH,用铝片置换,成功回收海绵钢。     

科技之窗

美公司开发金属污染溶液净化技术 位于美国亚利桑那州的图森ＭＡＲＳ（金属酸回收系统）技术公司,最近使用新技术开发了经受金属污染溶液的净化和回收废化学品的方法。通常这些化学品一般是采用清除处理丢弃方法。该公司称,从废酸中排除溶解的金属污染物把它们分离到纯净产品液流中,以提供给用户,这是迄今唯一的方法。 此装置曾安装在路易斯安那州的巴吞鲁日,公司每月平均回收１４０吨酸洗液制成纯净化学品。在一塔器内回收锌和少量三氯化铁,氯化亚铁则直接浓缩并销售。 金属氯化物送往一标准的离子交换树脂塔内进行吸收,然后使用普…     

水处理新技术研究进展

由于水质成分越来越复杂,水处理难度增加,因此研究水处理新技术对迎接这些挑战具有重要意义。本文主要介绍了光催化技术、膜技术、超临界水氧化技术、磁分离技术的一些最新研究进展,同时分析了各种水处理新技术的优缺点,为水处理新技术的研究和推广应用提供参考。     

乙酸丁酯萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定烟灰中铟

建立了乙酸丁酯萃取分离,原子吸收光谱法测定烟灰中铟的方法,并对萃取、反萃取以及测定条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,在1.5 mol/LKI-2.0 mol/LH_2SO_4介质中,乙酸丁酯对铟的萃取率高;用6.0 mol/L盐酸反萃取效果好;并在0.2 mol/L盐酸介质中进行测定。加标回收实验结果表明,铟的回收率为99.33%~101.2%,相对标准偏差小于1%。说明该方法回收率高,精密度好。     

从废ITO玻璃回收铟及制备高品质玻璃

为回收废弃LCD面板中的金属铟及高品质玻璃,提出了一种铟锡氧化物(ITO)玻璃资源化回收方法,用HF溶液浸蚀ITO玻璃碎片得富铟溶液和经表面除杂的玻璃基板,富铟溶液经蒸发、浓缩得富铟物,将富铟物溶解并经铝置换、熔炼、提纯得到粗铟,玻璃基板作为配合料进行再生制样. 结果表明,ITO玻璃破碎会造成铟流失,8 mol/L HF在3 h内即可有效回收ITO中的铟,制得纯度达92.3%的粗铟,回收率达89.2%. 再生玻璃试样成型温度为1462℃,热膨胀系数最大为3.2′10-6/℃,维氏硬度平均值为584.9,密度为2.43097 g/cm3,可见光透射比为75.2,部分性能有所下降,可降低配合料用量,以实现ITO玻璃基板的资源化回收.     

湿法回收退役三元锂离子电池有价金属的研究进展

近年来，随着三元体系锂离子电池市场份额的快速增加，退役三元锂离子电池将在未来出现爆发式增长，因此，回收三元锂离子电池电极材料中高价值的钴、镍、锂等有价金属成为电池行业的又一研究热点。本文详述了湿法回收三元电池电极材料有价金属的工艺流程和主要方法，重点介绍了有价金属的浸取方法、金属的分离提取、再合成利用和浸取动力学机理的研究进展，比较了工艺流程中不同处理方法的优缺点。并对回收退役三元电池材料的有价金属作了经济性分析，结果表明，三元电池材料有价金属回收具有可观的经济效益。最后对湿法回收三元电池材料中的有价金属方法进行总结，并简述了未来湿法回收处理方法的重要技术，包括化学纯化、自动化拆解以及完善的分类回收技术等，为未来三元电池材料回收技术发展提供参考。     

铅锌冶炼渣的资源化研究进展

由于铅锌冶炼渣含有大量有价金属以及镓、铟和银等稀贵金属,铅锌冶炼渣的资源化受到了越来越多的重视。文章对铅锌冶炼过程中产生的废渣的来源与性质以及冶炼渣的回收利用进行了详细阐述,重点介绍了铅锌冶炼废渣的资源化研究。并对材料回收、火法回收和湿法回收三种主要资源化途径的研究进展进行了详细阐述。     

渗透汽化技术用于锂电池生产中N-甲基吡咯烷酮回收的研究进展

N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作为生产锂电池的必备溶剂,需求量逐年攀升。然而在锂电池生产后期NMP以废气形式排出,将会造成环境污染和资源浪费。用水吸收NMP废气形成相应溶液是一种有效的回收方法,进而将NMP溶液回收利用可以降低锂电池生产成本,促进锂电行业绿色可持续发展。相较于蒸馏等传统工艺,采用渗透汽化技术回收NMP废液具有能耗低、高效、环保等优势。从渗透汽化膜分离技术的优势和机理展开,系统总结了用于回收NMP废液的渗透汽化膜材料和分离工艺,通过比较不同膜材料和工艺的应用范围及分离效果,指出了其相应的优缺点和适用场合,为NMP的有效利用提供合理的参考。对渗透汽化技术用于NMP回收面临的挑战进行讨论并对发展前景做出展望。     

还原挥发氧化锌烟尘中有价金属分离工艺研究

针对含多种有价金属的还原挥发氧化锌烟尘,提出一条全湿法分离烟尘中有价金属的工艺路线。首先采用加双氧水氧化稀硫酸浸出,经过滤和洗涤,分别获得含硫酸锌、硫酸铟浸出液和含铅、铋浸出渣,实现锌、铟与铅、铋分离;对含硫酸锌和硫酸铟浸出液采用P204萃取,实现锌与铟的分离;对含铅、铋浸出渣采用碳酸氢铵转化生成碳酸铅,加硝酸溶解,实现铅与铋的分离。该工艺不仅可有效分离烟尘中的有价金属,而且获得的硫酸锌、硫酸铟、硝酸铅、富铋渣可用于生产其他化工产品,为氧化锌烟尘高效综合利用提供了一条新的途径。     

Separation of Indium from Acid Sulfate-Containing Solutions by Ion Exchange with Impregnated Resins

Indium separation using ion exchange resins from acidic polymetallic and very diluted solutions are investigated. Since the selectivity of commercial ion exchange resins have proven to be too low for an effective separation from solutions with high content of other metals, Lewatit® TP 208 was impregnated with common extractants to enhance its properties. By resin impregnation with D2EHPA and Cyanex 272, not only the selective indium recovery was reached but also the resin capacity was increased approx. two times. The best loading and elution performance were shown by Cyanex 272-impregnated Lewatit® TP 208, increasing the indium purity in the eluate from 0.75 % to 85 %.     

Recycling of CIGS Solar Cell Waste Materials: Separation of Copper,Indium, and Gallium by High-Temperature Chlorination Reaction with Ammonium Chloride

Recycling of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) solar cell materials is important to ensure future supply of indium and gallium. Our previous work includes recycling of selenium from CIGS materials and a scoping study on high-temperature chlorination for the separation of the remaining elements using different chlorination agents. In the present work we further develop high-temperature chlorination separation using ammonium chloride. The study showed that 97 wt% of the gallium and 93 wt% of the indium could be recovered at 260 and 340°C, respectively. The process resulted in good separation between gallium and copper while the indium content in the gallium and copper fractions were above the goal of 1 wt%.     

异戊二烯生产工艺技术研究进展

介绍了国内外异戊二烯生产技术的研究进展,详细叙述了萃取精馏法生产异戊二烯的工艺,简要介绍了近年来开发的催化合成、膜分离异戊二烯等新型工艺,并分析了各种生产工艺的优缺点。指出开发新型萃取剂、膜分离和直接催化合成是今后异戊二烯生产技术发展的新方向。     

我国高吸水树脂发展中存在的问题与趋势

从水资源紧缺的角度出发,对中国高吸水树脂发展中存在的产品开发与高吸水树脂的基础理论研究脱节、产品开发与生产工艺研究和优化的脱节、产品开发与产品应用研究脱节、高吸水树脂的性能测试缺乏统一的规范的方法等4个方面问题进行了分析,对今后的研究发展进行了展望并提出建议。     

废旧塑料分选技术

废旧塑料的回收包括 3个阶段 :收集、分选、加工或再生等步骤。只有清洁的废旧塑料才能生产高质量的产品 ,这需要有效的塑料分选方法。评述了光选、电选、风力分选、密度分选、浮选等废旧塑料分选技术 ,指出浮选在废旧塑料分选方面具备独特优势     

Detection of divergences in polyethylene resins fabrication by means of the modified stepwise isothermal segregation technique

The selective crystallization behavior of a series of commercial medium- and high-density polyethylene resins has been studied by means of an original modified procedure of the stepwise isothermal segregation technique using differential scanning calorimetry. The technique consists of a sequenced multiple-stage stepwise thermal treatment of the materials allowing separation of the macromolecules with respect to their length-to-branching content and distribution. It is assumed that such a separation process gives an image of the proportion of specific crystallizable species, which are in turn responsible for slow crack growth resistance of the resins under study. A drift molecular parameter is calculated from a combination of the crystallization data at 119°C and 114°C. This molecular parameter is capable of revealing some divergences regarding the fabrication of a commercial polyethylene resin within a decade. Such divergences are well correlated with premature brittle failures under hydrostatic pressure testing of a series of correctly extruded pipes. Furthermore the drift molecular parameter allows a ranking of different medium- to high-density polyethylene resins—the lower this parameter the better the slow crack growth resistance of the materials. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2103–2112, 1999     

Impact of electrode separator on performance of a zinc/alkaline/manganese dioxide packed-bed electrode flow battery

A zinc/alkaline/manganese dioxide packed-bed electrode flow battery was used to evaluate using granular materials with ionic activity as separating materials between electrodes, increasing the separation distance between electrodes, while using separating materials, and reversing the electrolyte flow direction through the flow battery. Results indicate that materials with more ionic activity (ion exchange resins) perform better than materials with limited ionic activity (stainless steel). Among the more ionically active materials, the basic material out-performed the acidic material with an anode-to-cathode flow regime at low current draw. The best performance was obtained using ALL-CRAFT 4K-activated carbon as separation material. The use of an ionically active separation material reduced the difference in cell performance between 2.22 and 5.40 cm of separation by 56%. Although expected to be an important parameter for packed-bed electrode flow battery, the electrolyte flow direction did not produce a discernable difference in performance using the low current draw of these studies.     

Phase separation in epoxy resins containing polyethersulphone

Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy have been used to study phase separation of dissolved polyethersulphone (PES) from trifunctional and tetrafunctional epoxy resins during curing. No phase separation was observed at high concentrations of the tetrafunctional resin. Observations of nodules on fracture surfaces, and of multiple peaks in the dynamic mechanical spectra provided evidence for a separate, crosslinked, PES-rich phase in the remaining materials. Despite the variety of morphologies obtained in mixtures of PES with different hardeners and resins, modulus and fracture toughness showed little dependence upon composition.     

功能高分子材料

对功能高分子材料做了粗略的概括，并对其主要品种离子交换树脂、高分子分离膜、医用高分子、高分子药物和导电高分子分别做了论述。