厨余有机质干式厌氧发酵技术的研究与应用

伴随社会的快速发展以及人们生活水平不断提高,我国厨余垃圾产量与日俱增。干式厌氧发酵技术处理厨余垃圾因其具有巨大的资源化利用潜能,愈来愈受到国内外专家学者的关注。本文首先对干式厌氧发酵技术的机理、特征等进行了论述;其次在国内外已有的研究基础上,结合上海生物能源再利用中心项目的工程化实例,对厨余垃圾干式厌氧发酵处理工艺及启动调试、稳定运行等进行了全面系统研究。本研究旨在推动干式厌氧消化技术的工程应用,并为相关的干式厌氧发酵项目提供一定的参考。     

厨余垃圾堆肥技术及研究进展

通过对厨余垃圾堆肥技术进行研究并将好氧堆肥,厌氧堆肥,蚯蚓堆肥三种堆肥方式进行对比,归纳总结了厨余垃圾堆肥技术处理厨余垃圾过程中的优点与面临的主要问题,为改善处理处置厨余垃圾提出了方案性意见和发展方向。     

高产乳酸细菌发酵厨余垃圾生产乳酸的试验研究

应用从厨余垃圾中分离到的一株乳杆菌TD175作为接种菌株,强化厨余垃圾的乳酸发酵.在不控制pH值条件下厌氧发酵2d,菌株TD175可以得到9.20g/L的乳酸,比不接种的对照实验乳酸浓度高88%.菌株TD175发酵厨余垃圾的最适接种量为15%.采用原料不灭菌的开放式发酵比原料灭菌后再发酵更有利于提高乳酸产量.     

黑水虻协同厌氧发酵处理餐厨垃圾的可行性分析

本文通过市场、文献调研等方式,系统分析了黑水虻养殖协同集中式厌氧发酵处理厨余垃圾的技术可行性,结果显示黑水虻养殖适合与集中厌氧发酵协同处理厨余垃圾,能较好实现厨余垃圾处理过程的资源化利用。结合市场调研对黑水虻养殖处理厨余垃圾进行全过程投资、运行、收运分析,结果显示按照45吨/天处理规模预测,其投资收益达到7.3%,具有较好的投资回报.最后深入分析了当前黑水虻养殖产业化存在的问题。     

万科润园厨余垃圾减量化项目获得阶段性成功

11月2日,武汉华丽环保科技有限公司(以下简称华丽环保)与巴斯夫中国有限公司(以下简称巴斯夫)在武汉威斯汀酒店召开了"万科润园厨余垃圾减量化项目成果发布会"。发布会上,双方高兴的宣布,6月初在万科润园开展的厨余垃圾分类收集及堆肥项目已经取得了阶段性的成功。采用华丽环保公司生产的可堆肥降解厨余垃圾袋单独收集厨余垃圾后,在新洲的小型堆肥厂内已成功的堆出肥料。根据测试数据可     

太阳能堆肥模式下单独收集果蔬生厨余的研究

通过分析当前厨余垃圾分类收集和处理的现状,阐明了单独收集果蔬生厨余的客观依据和必要性,并提出了切实可行的具体措施。探索出了打开厨余垃圾分类收集瓶颈的突破口:果蔬生厨余单独收集后利用太阳能堆肥技术进行处理。本研究为真正实现厨余垃圾的资源化、减量化和无害化处理,提供了可行性较强的思路,同时也为其他生活垃圾的分类收集提供借鉴。     

UASB在厌氧发酵制氢技术中的研究进展

氢气是一种理想的能源,具有转化率高、可再生和无污染等优点。与传统制氢方法相比,生物制氢技术的能耗低,对环境无害,其中的厌氧发酵生物制氢已经越来越受到人们的重视。文章主要介绍了生物制氢技术的发展和主要途径,对国内外生物制氢技术领域的研究现状进行了简介,厌氧发酵生物制氢技术则是其中最有潜力的技术,更易于实现规模化的工业性生产。并对生物制氢技术在未来的发展和研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

生物制氢研究进展(Ⅰ)产氢机理与研究动态

阐述了7类生物制氢系统的产氢机理、影响因素以及提高产氢率和产氢量的方法,介绍了国外最新的研究进展。光发酵生物制氢技术和厌氧发酵生物制氢技术是研究的热点,而厌氧发酵由于产氢效率较高而成为最具潜力的生物制氢技术之一。光合-发酵杂交技术不仅减少了所需光能,而且增加了氢气产量,同时也彻底降解了有机物,使该技术成为生物制氢技术的发展方向。     

生物发酵制氢技术的研究及进展

生物制氢技术具有无污染、成本低、可再生等优点,生物制氢在新能源的研究利用中占有日趋重要的位置。本文概述了国内生物制氢技术研究的现状。对厌氧发酵制氢的影响因素进行了阐述。对生物制氢技术当前存在的问题进行了探讨,并对未来发展进行了展望。     

某县餐厨垃圾预氧化加高温堆肥处理工程实例分析

介绍了几种餐厨垃圾处理工艺,经过对比之后采用了预处理+高温好氧堆肥处理技术。某县的餐厨垃圾在经过该工艺处理后能实现厨余垃圾较高的无害化、减量化、资源化,此工艺具有良好的推广潜力。通过该项目的实施,以期为其它城市厨余垃圾的处理提供借鉴参考。     

生物质转化制备乳酸及其酯类物质研究进展

乳酸是重要的精细化工中间体,在食品、医药、日化及可降解材料等领域具有重要的应用.利用农林废弃物为原料转化制备乳酸,不仅能够充分利用生物质资源,更能缓解乳酸供需矛盾,对推动碳减排及绿色发展具有重要意义.分别从微生物发酵法和化学催化法对生物质转化制备乳酸(酯)的最新研究进展进行了综述,并对当前阶段制约乳酸生产的各方面因素进行了分析总结,最后全面比较了这两种方法的优缺点,展望了生物质转化制备乳酸潜在研究方向、存在的机遇和面临的挑战.     

Coupling System for Food Wastes Anaerobic Digestion and Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production with Ralstonia eutropha

A new technology was developed to couple the anaerobic digestion of food wastes with production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Acetic, propionic, butyric and lactic acids were produced during food wastes anaerobic digestion and their concentrations reached 5.5, 1.8, 27.4 and 32.7 g/L, respectively under appropriate digestion conditions. The fermentative acids were transferred through a dialysis membrane to an air-lift reactor for PHA synthesis by Ralstonia eutropha. Dry cell concentration and PHA content reached 22.7 g/L and 72.6%, respectively. The obtained PHA was a copolymer of b-hydroxybutyrate (HB) and b-hydroxyvalerate (HV) with 2.8% (mole ratio) of HV units in polymer.     

Use of 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid in the recovery of lactic acid from wine

BACKGROUND: Lactic acid has many different applications in a variety of industries including the food, cosmetics, packaging, leather and chemical industries. Current methodologies for lactic acid production are lengthy and complicated and more efficient methods are being sought. Some organic wastes contain lactic acid and our work investigates the use of ionic liquids (ILs) in the efficient and selective extraction of lactic acid from organic waste using wine as a model system. The ionic liquid was chosen based on its ability to selectively solvate and separate lactic acid from the remaining bulk waste material. RESULTS: Several ILs including 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (hmimCl), 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (hmimBr), 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide (hmimI) and N‐hexylpyridinium iodide (hpyrI) have been synthesized in high yield (68‐95%) using microwave technology. Lactic acid is soluble in each of the ILs synthesized with optimum results achieved with hmimBr where lactic acid is miscible in all proportions. HmimBr has been used to successfully separate and extract lactic acid from wine as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, it has been possible to recover the IL for recycle in subsequent extraction cycles where the efficiency for the extraction process increases with each recycle. CONCLUSION: HmimBr has been used for the first time in a novel process for the separation and recovery of lactic acid from wine, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. This work demonstrates a novel process which can be applied to the recovery of lactic acid from organic waste. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

AEROBIC DIGESTION OF RUM WASTES TO ENHANCE THE MARINE FOOD CHAIN

An experimental study has been conducted on the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and the simulataneous production of marine organisms by means of aerobic digestion of wastes from a rum distillery (mostos or rum slops)

The results indicate that rum wastes can be reduced in BOD by aeration and agitation in sea water to less than 50% of the original. The resulting digestion products are suitable for growing brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The microorganisms produced appear to be natural marine organisms, and the brine shrimp are known to be valuable as a fish food. Thus this method should be beneficial to the marine food chain if the digestion products are disposed of in the sea, or it could be of possible use in marine aquaculture.

Both the reduction of BOD and growth of biomass increase with pH up to a value of 8, with residence time, and with concentration of BOD and rum wastes up to a level of about 25percnt; rum waste. Toxic or inhibiting effects seem to occur at 50% rum waste. Rough estimates of digestor volumes and biomass production can be obtained based on feed conditions and the desired BOD reduction.     

用乳酸细菌从有机废弃物生产乳酸

探讨了有机废物乳酸发酵的影响因素,包括菌种、营养物质、产物抑制、氧气和发酵方式,概述了利用含碳水化合物的有机废弃物和厨房垃圾生产乳酸的现状,并对未来的研究方向提出了展望。指出在厌氧条件下应用同型发酵乳酸细菌,采用原位产物分离技术和细胞再循环发酵通常会提高乳酸的产量;采取多菌种的联合发酵并优化提取工艺,将有助于实现有机废物工业化生产乳酸。     

Osmoprotectants enhance methane production from the anaerobic digestion of food wastes containing a high content of salt

BACKGROUND: Treatment and disposal of Korean food waste encounter technical difficulties due to a high‐salt problem. In order to increase methane production from food waste by using osmoprotectants, which are known to overcome osmotic stresses in many plants and other organisms, osmoprotectants including glycine betaine, choline, carnitine and trehalose were added to salt‐containing food wastes for anaerobic digestion. RESULTS: For NaCl‐amended food wastes containing 10 and 35 g L^?1 NaCl, glycine betaine and choline increased methane production by about twofold compared to food waste without any osmoprotectants. For non‐washed food waste containing 11.6 g L^?1 NaCl, glycine betaine increased methane production by about sixfold. Among these osmoprotectants, glycine betaine was the most effective for increasing methane productivity in anaerobic digestion of food waste with salinity. Analysis of glycine betaine in cell extracts using high‐performance liquid chromatography showed that glycine betaine accumulated in the cells of anaerobic sludge. CONCLUSION: Osmoprotectants significantly enhanced methanization of high‐salt food wastes by alleviating the salt‐induced physiological stresses in microorganisms. The application of osmoprotectants provided an effective substitute for other conventional methods to reduce inhibitory effects of high salt, such as dilution and co‐digestion. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

加快生物质废弃物吸附增强制可再生氢气

作为全球性的优质能源载体,氢的主要生产方式包括碳氢化合物（例如天然气、煤炭和生物质）的热化学过程以及使用电力来源与可再生能源（如风能或太阳能等）的水电解过程。目前的水电解技术在大规模制氢方面经济竞争力亟待提升。本文指出：为了在2060年实现碳中和,迫切需要开发绿氢制备新技术,大力发展可再生制氢和低碳制氢。具有碳捕集、利用和封存的碳氢化合物低碳制氢（蓝色）技术将占重要地位,随后逐步转向可再生制氢（绿色）,并有望全面实现零碳制氢,进而对长期低碳化社会的发展至关重要。文章提出我国生物质资源非常丰富,但生物质废弃物制氢的技术成熟度仍然较低,迫切需要开发从生物质中高效生产可再生氢气的新技术,以显著提高氢气产量并降低成本;吸附增强反应代表了一种可用于可持续生产氢的有前景的新技术;氢气的产率和纯度可以通过过程强化得到显著提高,制氢过程的强化可以在多功能反应器中实现,其中重整和/或气化、水煤气变换和CO₂移除步骤可将重整/水煤气变换反应催化剂和CO₂捕集剂混合而集成到一个反应器中。最后指出：由于该过程潜力巨大,因此应助推耦合气化和吸附增强反应过程从生物质废弃物中生产可再生氢气的工艺过程,以加快推进碳中和进程。     

餐厨垃圾资源化利用及其过程污染控制研究进展

餐厨垃圾年产生量大、成分复杂,传统的焚烧、填埋处理方式易引发一系列环境问题,同时,餐厨垃圾又具有有机质含量高、营养元素丰富的特点,其资源化利用可实现价值再生,符合可持续发展的要求,因而成为国内外学者的研究热点。本文从产品利用方向的角度综述了几类餐厨垃圾资源化利用技术的研究进展,包括能源化利用方向的餐厨垃圾制生物柴油、甲烷、氢、燃料乙醇技术,农业化利用方向的餐厨垃圾制动物饲料、有机肥料技术,工业化利用方向的餐厨垃圾制还原糖、炭材料、乳酸技术;介绍了餐厨垃圾资源化过程中产生的恶臭气体、废水污染问题以及污染控制相关研究进展。最后指出,对微生物厌氧反应机制的深入研究有利于实现相关技术在工业生产规模的优化,厨垃圾资源化工艺过程的污染控制需要进一步得到关注。     

Effects of butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge for hydrogen production from kitchen wastes

BACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion is an alternative technology to achieve the dual benefits of hydrogen production and waste stabilization from kitchen wastes. In this work, the butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge was investigated in order to improve the tolerance of sludge against organic acids, and to enhance hydrogen accumulation. RESULTS: The tolerance of butyric acid in anaerobic sludge increased with the stress concentration, however, it decreased at concentrations greater than of 4.0 g L^?1. The maximum hydrogen yield reached 63.72 mL g^?1 VS at 4.0 g L^?1 stress, representing an increase of 114% compared with the control group. The concentration of volatile solids (VS) of the sludge and SCOD increased steadily with time up to 20 h. At 4.0 g L^?1 butyric acid stress, the maximum activity of β‐glucosidase, BAA‐hydrolysing protease and dehydrogenase enzyme were 14912.1 µmol PNP g^?1 TS h^?1, 134.14 µmol NH₄‐N g^?1 TS h^?1 and 7316.42 µg TF g^?1 TS h^?1, which were 2.78, 1.90 and 2.01 times that of the control, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of butyric acid stress on anaerobic sludge to increase hydrogen production from kitchen wastes was demonstrated. Remarkably, 4.0 g L^?1 butyric acid stress was found to be favorable for improving the tolerance of butyric acid in sludge as well as hydrogen yield in the experiment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

The use of hybrid anaerobic solid–liquid (HASL) system for the treatment of lipid‐containing food waste

The hybrid anaerobic solid–liquid (HASL) system was a modified two‐phase anaerobic digester developed for bioconversion of food waste. The aim of this study was to estimate the feasibility of the HASL system for the treatment of food waste with a high content of lipids. The presence of lipids in food waste increased the energy value of nutrients but could inhibit growth of methanogens. The positive effect of lipids on the performance of anaerobic digestion dominated when the contents of lipids were in the range from 20 to 30% of total solids of food waste. Lipid contents of 40% diminished the production of volatile fatty acids in the acidogenic reactor as well as biogas production and the concentration of total bacteria and methanogens in the methanogenic reactor. Therefore, the HASL system can be used for the treatment of lipid‐containing food wastes if the lipid content is below 40% of total solids. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry