厨余垃圾资源化利用技术分析

在垃圾分类工作全面推进大背景下,国内厨余垃圾资源化利用规模逐步扩大,资源化利用技术不断发展,如何高效实现厨余垃圾资源化利用,已成为行业热点问题。文章梳理了国内现有厨余垃圾资源化利用技术,分析了现有技术存在的问题,可为厨余垃圾资源化利用技术的选择及应用提供参考。     

厨余垃圾资源化利用技术研究进展

分析了现有厨余垃圾处理技术的优点及局限性;通过与其他国家对比并结合实际工程应用,分析了当下热点的干式厌氧产甲烷技术;对该技术的后续优化具有引导意义。最后,综合各种处理技术的优缺点对厨余垃圾的资源化利用技术进行了优先级排序,为在工程应用中结合实际情况对厨余垃圾的处理提供参考和指导。     

厨余垃圾堆肥技术及研究进展

通过对厨余垃圾堆肥技术进行研究并将好氧堆肥,厌氧堆肥,蚯蚓堆肥三种堆肥方式进行对比,归纳总结了厨余垃圾堆肥技术处理厨余垃圾过程中的优点与面临的主要问题,为改善处理处置厨余垃圾提出了方案性意见和发展方向.     

环太湖地区厨余垃圾资源化利用协同研究

对环太湖进行了资料收集调查和实地考察,分析了环太湖地区城市生活垃圾分类工作状况及其中厨余垃圾的分出情况,研究了环太湖地区的厨余垃圾主要处理工艺、处置能力等,指出了目前厨余垃圾处理存在的问题,对未来环太湖地区厨余垃圾的资源化利用提出了对策和建议。     

塑料垃圾资源化处理探析

塑料是十分重要的有机高分子合成材料,在现在人们日常生产生活中扮演重要角色。由塑料制作而成的大部分容器、包装化学形式相对稳定,质量较轻,便于运输和存储,从而我国塑料制品的年产量呈现出持续上涨的趋势。但是,塑料使用周期短,可降解性能较差,当后期回收和处理不当的情况下,就会造成资源浪费,加重自然生态环境污染问题。因此,本文主要针对塑料垃圾资源化处理进行探究,旨在为相关人员提供有效参考。     

垃圾资源化

本文叙述城市垃圾的速生高产和强烈污染，当前世界面临越来越严重的环保问题，无论发达国家还是发展中国的人类都无法逃脱垃圾带来的悲惨厄运，不是我们把垃圾消灭，就是我们被垃圾湮没，这是一场严重的垃圾战争，必须采取紧急对策晚一天都会带来不可挽回的后果，人类必须明智地树立起垃圾资源化利用的强烈责任意识，积极采用先进的科学技术，加快垃圾资源的综合开发和利用。     

微生物电解池处理厨余垃圾液化液同步资源化产氢

针对厨余垃圾液化处理后的废水难以降解和资源化的难题,本研究构建了一种紧凑堆栈式微生物电解池（Microbial electrolysis cell, MEC）,实现了废水中有机物的快速降解和资源化产氢。以乙酸盐为底物,通过比较不同阳极材料和不同操作条件（辅助电压、溶液扰动）对堆栈式MEC反应器性能的影响,优化了反应器构...     

厨余垃圾生物合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯研究进展

基于利用厨余垃圾作为合成挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）的原始基质,既可以增加厨余垃圾资源化利用新途径,又可以降低聚羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）合成成本,有利于厨余垃圾合成PHA产业化发展的优势,概述了PHA的应用领域和类型,总结了厨余垃圾合成PHA工艺路线和PHA前体物（VFAs）合成阶段与PHA 合成阶段的内在合成机制,重点汇总了利用厨余垃圾合成VFAs过程和利用VFAs合成PHA过程的重要工艺参数。最后,对厨余垃圾合成PHA 研究方向进行了展望。     

高水分厨余垃圾脱水预处理技术

介绍了高水分厨余垃圾脱水预处理技术,主要包括物理技术、热干化技术和生物技术这三大类预处理技术的原理、主要工艺流程及处理设备,并进行了对比。认为高水分厨余垃圾脱水预处理宜联合使用物理技术与生物技术,生物干化技术因需时较短、脱水效率更高等优点更适用于高水分厨余垃圾的脱水处理。此外,在有热源的地区,生物干化与热干化技术联合使用会达到更好的干化效果。     

超/亚临界水技术处理厨余垃圾的研究

在超/亚临界实验条件下研究了利用湿式氧化法处理装置处理厨余垃圾的代表物米饭生成有机酸的过程中,处理时间、处理温度、加氧量对有机酸(甲酸、乙酸)生成的影响,确定反应的最佳条件为处理时间1.0～1.5 min,加氧量70%～100%,温度280℃.     

聚氨酯废弃物回收利用的物理化学方法

综述了聚氨酯废弃物回收利用的各种方法。主要介绍了能量回收方法、物理回收方法和化学回收利用方法的研究状况及其应用。     

Feedstock recycling of agriculture plastic film wastes by catalytic cracking

Feedstock recycling by catalytic cracking of a real plastic film waste from Almeria greenhouses (Spain) towards valuable hydrocarbon mixtures has been studied over several acid catalysts. The plastic film waste was mostly made up of ambient degraded low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, the vinyl acetate content being around 4 wt.%. Nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite (crystal size 60 nm) was the only catalyst capable of degrading completely the refuse at 420 °C despite using a very small amount of catalyst (plastic/catalyst mass ratio of 50). However, mesoporous catalysts (Al-SBA-15 and Al-MCM-41), unlike it occurred with virgin LDPE, showed fairly close conversions to that of thermal cracking. Nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite led to 60 wt.% selectivity towards C₁---C₅ hydrocarbons, mostly valuable C₃---C₅ olefins, what would improve the profitability of a future industrial recycling process. The remarkable performance of nanocrystalline HZSM-5 zeolite was ascribed to its high content of strong external acid sites due to its nanometer dimension, which are very active for the cracking of bulky macromolecules. Hence, nanocrystalline HZSM-5 can be regarded as a promising catalyst for a feasible feedstock recycling process by catalytic cracking.     

Compatibilizers for recycling of the plastic mixture wastes. II. The effect of a compatibilizer for binary blends on the properties of ternary blends

In this article, we discuss the effect of a compatibilizer for binary blends on the properties of ternary blends composed of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) virgin polymers with a simulated waste plastics fraction. Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR), and their 1/1 (w/w) mixture were tested as compatibilizers for the HDPE/PP/PVC ternary blend. CPE, styrene‐ethylene‐propylene block copolymer (SEP), or their 1/1 (w/w) mixture were tested as compatibilizers for the HDPE/PS/PVC ternary blend. The composition of the ternary blends were fixed at 8/1/1 by weight ratio. The amount of the compatibilizer was 3 phr. Rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties were measured. For the 8/1/1 HDPE/PP/PVC ternary blends, the tensile strength was slightly decreased, but the impact strength was significantly increased by adding EPR, CPE, or their mixture. EPR exhibited the most significant impact modification effect for the ternary blends. In a similar way, for 8/1/1 HDPE/PS/PVC ternary blends, on adding SEP, CPE, or their mixture, the tensile strength was slightly decreased, but the impact strength was noticeably increased. It was found that the SEP worked much better as an impact modifier for the ternary blends than CPE or the SEP/CPE mixture did. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1048–1053, 2000     

塑料废弃物回收分离技术进展与创新

介绍国外回收处理塑料制品废弃物的几种新技术方法 ,以及应用于工业化生产的现状     

Modified tribo-charging device for the electrostatic separation of plastics from granular industrial wastes

Tribo-electrostatic separation is the solution of choice for the selective sorting of various plastics contained in a granular mixture. This work is aimed at validating the efficiency of a modified compressed-air-operated tribo-charging device for the electrostatic separation of mixed granular plastics originating from industrial waste. The experiments are carried out with a mixture of mm-size orange and beige PVC granules, using a free-fall electrostatic separator. At optimum operating conditions, 93% of the orange PVC and 96% of the beige PVC were recovered at purities higher than, respectively, 99% and 95%. The numerical simulation of charged particles trajectories facilitates the interpretation of the experimental results and the analysis of the factors that affect the efficiency of the separation process: high-voltage level, configuration of the electrodes system, and position of the feeding unit.     

废弃塑料制备碳化硅纳米颗粒

以废弃塑料为碳源,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,硝酸铁为催化剂,通过碳热还原的方法制备出碳化硅纳米颗粒。采用XRD、FTIR、TEM、DLS及PL对制备的样品进行表征。结果表明,所得碳化硅纳米颗粒尺度分布在8～40 nm之间,且具有特殊的光致发光性能。     

废硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的回收利用技术研究

采用物理化学回收方法回收废硬质聚氯酯泡沫塑料,探讨了再生硬质聚氯酯泡沫塑料(RRPUF)、马来酸酐(MAH)接枝聚丙烯(PP)(PP-g-MAH)的用量及不同类型降解剂对PP/RRPUF/PP-g-MAH共混材料性能的影响,用傅里叶变换红外光谱和偏光显微镜表征了RRPUF和PP/RRPUF/PP-g-MAH.在适当温度...     

兰炭尾气资源化利用技术途径

针对兰炭尾气的组分特点,结合当前工艺技术水平与国内外市场情况,提出兰炭尾气制天然气、合成氨、甲醇、提氢等适合兰炭尾气资源化利用的技术途径,随着各项工艺技术的相继开发与实施,必将对洁净煤技术的进一步发展产生深远的影响.     

混杂塑料废弃物的共混改性技术进展

对混杂塑料废弃物的共混改性回收的主要技术,即增容改性,交联改性,粉末化及与其他材料复合技术进行了评价,并探讨了增容-交联协同技术应用于混杂塑料废弃物的回收再生的可能性。     

废弃高分子材料的综合处理

评述了国内外塑料工业发展现状,塑料制品面临环境问题的挑战,国内外治理塑料废弃的环境污染问题的方法和对策,比较了几种塑料废弃物综合处理的工艺,并详细论述了用超临界流体处理塑料废弃物的资源化技术研究。