堇青石负载Fe-Mn-O混合氧化物催化氧化甲苯的性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了以FeOx和MnOx混合氧化物为活性组分,堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体的有机废气催化燃烧催化剂,以甲苯作为探针反应物测定该类催化剂的催化燃烧活性。考察了Fe与Mn物质的量比、焙烧温度及其改性载体等因素对甲苯催化燃烧性能的影响,深入进行了XRD和BET表征与分析。实验结果表明:Fe/Mn物质的量的比为4∶1,质量负载量为10%,焙烧温度为500℃,并经γ-Al2O3涂层改性的催化剂具有最佳的催化燃烧活性。     

负载型CuMnO_x/TiO_2催化剂催化燃烧甲苯

采用沉积-沉淀法制备CuMnO_x/TiO_2新型甲苯燃烧催化剂,考察焙烧温度、Cu与Mn物质的量比、Cu和Mn总负载量、空速及水蒸汽含量对催化甲苯燃烧性能的影响。研究表明,焙烧温度500℃和Cu与Mn物质的量比为1∶1时,催化剂活性最好,反应温度250℃时,甲苯去除率为100%;水蒸汽的出现明显降低了甲苯转化率。XRD和H2-TPR表征结果表明,CuMnO_x/TiO_2催化剂的主要活性相为铜锰尖晶石(Cu1.5Mn1.5O4),它的存在降低了CuMnO_x/TiO_2催化剂的还原温度,是催化活性优良的主要原因。     

堇青石负载非贵金属复合氧化物催化氧化甲苯的性能研究

本文采用浸渍法制备了以MOx(M为Cu、Co、Zn、Fe、Ce)和Mn Ox混合氧化物为活性组分,堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体的有机废气催化燃烧催化剂,以甲苯作为探针反应物测定该类催化剂的催化燃烧活性。考察了M与Mn物质的量比等因素对甲苯催化燃烧性能的影响,深入进行了XRD、BET和SEM表征与分析。实验结果表明:Fe/Mn物质的量的比为4∶1,焙烧温度为500℃,催化剂具有最佳的催化燃烧活性。     

SO_4~(2-)-TiO_2/β-沸石固体超强酸催化苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮的环境友好合成

采用直接浸渍-焙烧法,制备了SO42--TiO2/β-沸石催化剂,并以其催化苯乙酮和乙二醇合成了苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮。考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、TiO2负载量、催化剂用量、原料配比、带水剂的种类和用量、回流时间对反应的影响。最佳的反应条件为:催化剂焙烧温度500℃、TiO2负载量10%(质量分数)、催化剂用量1.1 g、n(苯乙酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.2、甲苯20 mL、回流时间1.5 h。在最佳反应条件下,苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮纯度为99.6%,收率可达98.8%。SO42--TiO2/β-沸石催化剂制备简单、催化活性高、重复使用性好。     

SO2-4-TiO2/β-沸石固体超强酸催化苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮的环境友好合成

采用直接浸渍-焙烧法,制备了SO2-4-TiO2/β-沸石催化剂,并以其催化苯乙酮和乙二醇合成了苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮.考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、TiO2负载量、催化剂用量、原料配比、带水剂的种类和用量、回流时间对反应的影响.最佳的反应条件为:催化剂焙烧温度500℃、TiO2负载量10%(质量分数)、催化剂用量1.1 g、n(苯乙酮):n(乙二醇)=1:1.2、甲苯20 mL、回流时间1.5 h.在最佳反应条件下,苯乙酮乙二醇缩酮纯度为99.6%,收率可达98.8%.SO2-4-TiO2/β-沸石催化剂制备简单、催化活性高、重复使用性好.     

HM负载磷钨酸催化合成对叔丁基甲苯的研究

以HM沸石分子筛负载磷钨酸(PW)作为催化剂,在100 mL高压釜反应器中进行甲苯与叔丁醇合成对叔丁基甲苯的烷基化反应。考察不同磷钨酸负载量对甲苯与叔丁醇烷基化反应的影响,并用XRD、TG-DSC和NH3-TPD手段对不同负载量催化剂进行了表征,并在反应中考察了他们的催化性能。结果表明,中低负载量的磷钨酸均匀分散于HM表面,当磷钨酸的负载量为25%时,磷钨酸在HM表面高度分散呈现较高活性,催化剂的焙烧温度为350℃。采用25%PW/HM作为催化剂,研究各种反应条件对催化剂性能的影响,在适宜的反应条件下,即反应温度为160℃,叔丁醇与甲苯摩尔比为3,初始压力为0.6 MPa,催化剂的质量分数为20%时,甲苯的转化率为36.3%,对叔丁基甲苯的选择性为82.1%。     

铈掺杂Mn/TiO2催化氧化NO的性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2载体，在负载Mn(Ac)2制备Mn/TiO2催化剂时掺杂铈，制备了Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂。考察了Ce的掺杂量、活性组分负载量及焙烧温度等制备条件和空速、NO进口浓度及O2含量等工艺条件对其催化氧化NO性能的影响。对催化剂进行了XRD、BET及PL表征。结果表明，Ce的添加有利于活性组分在载...     

Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂选择性氧化富氢气中CO的性能研究

通过并流共沉淀法制备了Au/-Fe2O3催化剂,考察了金负载量及焙烧温度对Au/-Fe2O3催化剂的物化结构及其选择性氧化富氢气体中CO催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,金负载量和焙烧温度对催化剂的性能均有较大影响,金负载量为1.5%(wt),低温焙烧(200~400℃)时制得的Au/-Fe2O3催化剂对CO选择性氧化反应具有很好的催化活性和选择性,其中金负载量为1.5%(wt)、300℃焙烧的Au/-Fe2O3催化剂,在40℃时对富氢气体中CO的转化率达到100%,选择性为 66%,该催化剂连续反应120h催化活性没有明显下降。XRD、BET和TEM分析结果表明,催化剂的性能与单质Au的粒径有关,粒径越小,催化活性越高。     

组分含量对MnO_2-CuO/Y常温催化臭氧氧化甲苯性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备MnO_2-CuO/Y催化剂,考察组分质量分数对常温催化臭氧氧化甲苯性能的影响。利用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、氢气程序升温还原、甲苯吸附等分析方法对催化剂结构进行表征,以甲苯转化率维持在95%以上的时间(t95)为指标对催化性能进行评价。结果表明,当活性组分Mn O_2和CuO总负载量为10%且Mn O_2与CuO质量比为3∶2时,6%MnO_2-4%CuO/Y催化剂具有相对较高的比表面积和孔容积及较好的甲苯吸附性能,Mn O_2和CuO之间存在相互作用,形成固溶体,促进氧化还原性能的提高。因此,在常温催化臭氧氧化甲苯反应中,6%MnO2-4%CuO/Y催化剂表现出较高的反应活性,t95为260 min,COx选择性为85. 4%,CO_2与CO摩尔比为5. 36。     

凹凸棒负载KF催化合成乙二醇烯丙基醚

采用浸渍法制备氟化钾/凹凸棒(KF/ATP)固体碱催化剂,催化丙烯醇与环氧乙烷(EO)反应合成乙二醇烯丙基醚。考察了催化剂焙烧温度、KF负载量对催化性能的影响,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、Hammett指示剂法等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:焙烧温度为400℃,KF负载量为30%时,生成的活性组分K2MgF4均匀分散在ATP表面,K2MgF4与KF的协同作用使得催化剂对烯丙醇和EO反应的催化活性最高。KF/ATP固体碱催化剂用于催化合成乙二醇丙烯基醚的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度100℃,反应压力为0.20~0.35 MPa,催化剂用量为1.5%,n(丙烯醇):n(EO)为5:1,反应时间为2 h,EO转化率达97.5%。     

Effect of Mn content on physical properties of CeOx–MnOy support and BaO–CeOx–MnOy catalysts for direct NO decomposition

A series of manganese–cerium mixed oxides were prepared by a glycothermal method, and the NO decomposition activities of the Ba-loaded Ce–Mn oxides were examined. Among the catalysts examined, the highest NO conversion was obtained on the BaO/Ce–Mn oxide catalyst with a Mn/(Ce+Mn) ratio of 0.25. The X-ray diffraction and Raman analyses indicated the formation of Ce–Mn oxide solid solutions with a cubic fluorite structure. The electron spin resonance analysis indicated the presence of paramagnetic Mn²⁺ species in the composite catalysts. Incorporation of Mn²⁺ in the fluorite structure of CeO₂ causes an increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies, which play an important role in the NO decomposition activity of the catalysts. The catalysts were also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction techniques. Based on the results obtained, the relationship between the physical properties of the catalysts and their NO decomposition activities was discussed.     

Direct decomposition of nitric oxide over Ba catalysts supported on CeO2-based mixed oxides

The direct decomposition of nitric oxide (NO) over barium catalysts supported on various metal oxides was examined in the absence and presence of O₂. Among the Ba catalysts supported on single-component metal oxides, Ba/Co₃O₄ and Ba/CeO₂ showed high NO decomposition activities, while Ba/Al₂O₃, Ba/SiO₂, and Ba/TiO₂ exhibited quite low activities. The effect of an addition of second components to Co and Ce oxides was further examined, and it was found that the activities were significantly enhanced using Ce–Mn mixed oxides as support materials. XRD results indicated the formation of CeO₂–MnO_x solid solutions with the cubic fluorite structure. O₂-TPD of the CeO₂–MnO_x solid solutions showed a large desorption peak in a range of relatively low temperature. The BET surface areas of the CeO₂–MnO_x solid solutions were larger than those of pure CeO₂ and Mn₂O₃. These effects caused by the addition of Mn are responsible for the enhanced activities of the Ba catalysts supported on Ce–Mn mixed oxides.     

Synthesis of Highly Effective CeO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>–MnO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis></Subscript>–BaO Catalysts for Direct NO Decomposition

Abstract  

Ce–Mn mixed oxides with a Mn/(Ce + Mn) molar ratio of 0.25 were prepared by solvothermal (ST-1) and co-precipitation (CP) methods, and Ba was loaded on the Ce–Mn oxides. In addition, CeO₂–MnO _x –BaO catalysts with various compositions were directly prepared by the solvothermal (ST-2) method. The NO decomposition activities of these catalysts were examined. Among the catalysts examined, the ST-2 catalyst having a nominal composition of Ce_0.8Mn_0.15Ba_0.05O _x exhibited the highest activity; 77% NO conversion to N₂ was attained at 800 °C. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Raman and XPS results indicate that the CP catalyst had larger amounts of the BaMnO_3-δ and/or Mn₃O₄ phases. The ST-1 and ST-2 catalysts had highly dispersed Ba species on the surface. The ST-2 catalyst had Mn species with the lowest binding energy of Mn 2p and also had a high population of oxygen vacancies in the ceria lattice, suggesting that Mn species with a low oxidation state contributes to the formation of oxygen vacancies, which play an important role in this reaction.     

Effect of transition metals addition on the catalyst of manganese/titania for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia

To retard the sintering, a series of transition metals were added to the low-temperature SCR catalysts based on Mn/TiO₂, and activity of these catalysts was investigated. It was found that the transition metal had significant effects on the catalytic activity. With the addition of transition metals, more NO could be removed at lower temperature. The temperature of 90% NO conversion could decrease to 361 K by using Fe(0.1)–Mn(0.4)/TiO₂. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction spectra (EDS) indicated that manganese oxides and titania could be better dispersed in the catalyst, and higher catalytic activity was obtained. From X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) it could be known that solid solution was formed among the transition metal, manganese oxides and titania. With the formation of this solid solution, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) area and pore volume increased. Furthermore, the in situ diffuse reflectance infrared transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) results showed that by using these catalysts, more NO could be oxidized to NO₂ and nitrate, and then reacted with NH₃. Therefore, the catalytic activity was greatly improved by the addition of transition metals.     

Highly dispersed Mn–Ce mixed oxides supported on carbon nanotubes for low-temperature NO reduction with NH3

A series of Mn–Ce mixed-oxide catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared for the first time and used for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃. Mn(0.4)-Ce/CNTs catalysts with loading from 0.6% to 1.8% (molar ratio) in our tests showed more than 90% NO conversion at 120–180 °C at a high space velocity of 42,000 h^− 1. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the particle size of Mn–Ce mixed oxides supported on CNTs was 2 to 4 nm. BET result indicated Mn–Ce mixed-oxide catalysts obtained enlarged surface area and pore volume which was beneficial to the catalytic activity.     

Cu–Mn mixed oxides for low temperature NO reduction with NH3

Cu–Mn mixed oxides were prepared by a co-precipitation method and applied for low temperature NO reduction with NH₃ in the presence of excess oxygen. Effects of [Cu]/[Mn] ratio and calcination temperatures on NOx conversions were investigated. Cu–Mn oxide catalysts containing small amounts of copper showed the complete NOx conversion in a wide range of reaction temperature from 323 to 473 K. This catalyst showed a reversible deactivation due to the presence of water vapor and SO₂. Different catalytic activities of Cu–Mn mixed oxides could be attributed mainly to surface areas and the crystalline nature.     

RuO_ 2/MO_x-TiO_2(M=Ce、Mn、La、Zr、Co)催化剂制备及其氯化氢氧化性能

氯化氢催化氧化制氯气具有高效率、低能耗、环境友好等优点,一直是研究的热点。首先采用浸渍法制备RuO_2/TiO_2催化剂,并通过催化活性评价和H_2-TPR表征优化Ru的负载量。然后制备Ce、Mn、La、Zr、Co等氧化物修饰的MO_x-TiO_2(M=Ce、Mn、La、Zr、Co)载体及RuO_2/MOxTiO_2催化剂,考察不同修饰物对催化剂氯化氢氧化性能的影响。结果表明,采用该型号TiO_2载体时最佳负载质量分数为2%~3%;MO_x-TiO_2载体中MOx修饰物均呈高分散状态,La、Zr、Ce等氧化物修饰后,TiO_2晶粒尺寸增大,其中Zr、Mn、Co等氧化物掺杂进入TiO_2晶格。Ce和Zr氧化物修饰可以提高RuO_2/TiO_2催化剂催化活性,Mn、Co、La等氧化物修饰对活性有不利影响。Mn、Co氧化物修饰可以降低反应活化能,所以这两种氧化物修饰的催化剂催化活性较低是由指前因子减小导致的,这意味着进一步提高RuO_2/MO_x-TiO_2(M=Mn、Co)催化剂活性组分分散性才能开发出活性更好的催化剂。     

Mn、Ce负载顺序对催化剂Mn-Ce/TiO2低温脱硝活性的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列Mn-Ce/TiO₂催化剂样品, 并用比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对催化剂进行了表征, 考察了活性组分Mn、Ce负载顺序对催化剂结构的影响, 并在固定床连续流动反应器上对其催化活性进行了评价。结果表明, 催化剂晶相均为锐钛矿型结构, Mn、Ce活性组分在载体表面高度分散或形成了无定形结构;Mn、Ce同时负载时催化剂表面活性组分分布均匀, 比表面积最大, 为97.6m²/g, 且催化剂孔径分布以中孔为主;Mn、Ce同时负载时催化剂活性最好, 反应温度为200℃时, NO转化率达到90%以上。     

NO reduction by CH4 in the presence of excess O2 over Mn/sulfated zirconia catalysts

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with methane in the presence of excess oxygen has been investigated over a series of Mn-loaded sulfated zirconia (SZ) catalysts. It was found that the Mn/SZ with a metal loading of 2–3 wt.% exhibited high activity for the NO reduction, and the maximum NO conversion over the Mn/SZ catalyst was higher than that over Mn/HZSM-5. NH₃–TPD results of the catalysts showed that the sulfation process of the supports resulted in the generation of strong acid sites, which is essential for the SCR of NO with methane. On the other hand, the N₂ adsorption and the H₂–TPR of the catalysts demonstrated that the presence of the SO₄²⁻ species promoted the dispersion of the metal species and made the Mn species less reducible. Such an increased dispersion of metal species suppressed the combustion reaction of CH₄ by O₂ and increased the selectivity towards NO. The Mn/SZ catalysts prepared by different methods exhibited similar activities in the SCR of NO with methane, indicating the importance of SO₄²⁻. The most attractive feature of the Mn/SZ catalysts was that they were more tolerant to water and SO₂ poisoning than Mn/HZSM-5 catalysts and exhibited higher reversibility after removal of SO₂.     

Mn/Cu-BTC催化剂同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

通过水热合成法制得金属有机骨架材料Cu-BTC，采用浸渍法将金属氧化物（Fe、Mn、Ce、Co、Mo）负载在Cu-BTC上得到复合催化剂（X/Cu-BTC）并用于同时脱除模拟烟气中的SO₂和NO。采用N₂物理吸附（BET）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、热重分析（TG）以及扫描电镜（SEM）等方法对催化剂进行表征。表征结果显示MnO_x的负载使得催化剂的比表面积、孔体积下降，负载前后催化剂的结构保持不变。同时考察了不同金属氧化物负载Cu-BTC同时脱硫脱硝的效果：Mn/Cu-BTC的脱硝最佳，其次为Ce/Cu-BTC。最后对MnO_x与CeO_x的负载量进行了考察，10% Mn/Cu-BTC与10% Ce/Cu-BTC为最佳负载量。在250℃，空速为10000h^-1时，10% Mn/Cu-BTC的脱硫和脱硝效率分别为100%和88%，10% Ce/Cu-BTC的脱硫和脱硝效率分别为100%和75%，表明Mn/Cu-BTC催化剂对于SO₂和NO具有良好的同时脱除效果。