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《化工中间体》2017,(10)
论文研究了0.5MPa、0.7MPa下压力二氧化碳单独及联合消毒工艺对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活效果,对不同运行方式及与三种消毒剂联合消毒效果进行了分析。结果表明:在曝气且回流运行方式下单独采用压力二氧化碳消毒对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活效率较低,0.5MPa和0.7MPa压力下作用30min的灭活率仅为0.38log和0.69log。0.7MPa压力二氧化碳分别与2.2mmol/l过氧化氢和0.5mmol/l过硫酸钠联合消毒30min对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢灭活效果提升较少,而与0.42mmol/L次氯酸钠(以有效氯计)联合灭活率可提高至5.8log。在次氯酸钠浓度为0.21mmol/l时,采用先曝气15min、10min、5min、0min后,再曝气且回流联合作用15min、20min、25min和30min的运行方式,对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢的灭活率分别为3.24log、2.91log、3.46log和3.97log。 相似文献
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为了考察氯系消毒剂对饮用水中贾第鞭毛虫的灭活作用,分别对Cl2和ClO2的投加量、反应时间、浊度、pH值和温度等影响因素进行考察。实验结果表明:氯系消毒剂对贾第鞭毛虫理想灭活效果的反应条件是Cl2投量6.5mg.L-1,反应480min,ClO2投量3.0mg.L-1,反应240min;浊度越高,Cl2对贾第鞭毛虫的灭活率越低,ClO2对贾第鞭毛虫灭活率当浊度升高到10.0NTU时,影响基本稳定;pH值波动对Cl2灭活影响不大,ClO2在pH值6~7范围内灭活效果最佳;5至35℃范围,水温增加,灭活效果渐强。 相似文献
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以枯草芽孢杆菌(ATCC6633)作为难灭活微生物的代表,研究了氯对水体中芽孢的灭活效果,考察了氯浓度、作用时间、反应体系pH值、温度以及芽孢初始浓度等因素的影响。结果表明,氯对芽孢的灭活过程可分为延滞期和灭活期;初始氯浓度在2.06~10.30 mg·L-1,反应时间0~166 min,pH值6~9,温度1~30℃,初始芽孢浓度102~1012 cfu·ml-1范围内,消毒剂浓度和反应时间共同影响着氯对芽孢的灭活效果,提高消毒剂投量或延长消毒反应时间,均可提高灭活率;酸性条件下氯灭活芽孢的能力强于碱性条件下;随着温度的上升,氯对芽孢的灭活能力增强;芽孢的初始浓度对氯灭活芽孢的效能影响不大。初始氯投量为8.30 mg·L-1,pH=7,芽孢初始浓度106 cfu·ml-1,温度分别为5℃和25℃下,枯草芽孢杆菌对氯消毒剂的抗性强于炭疽芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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二氧化氯和液氯联合消毒城市污水的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过二氧化氯和液氯两种消毒剂联合用于城市污水的消毒试验,对两种消毒剂的投加配比、与污水接触时间以及ClO2和Cl2的残余量对存活的粪大肠菌群数的影响进行了探讨,结果表明:二氧化氯和液氯按2∶1的比例联合用于城市污水消毒时,效果良好,二氧化氯投加量3mg/L,液氯投加量1.5mg/L,经30min接触时间,大肠菌灭活率达99.9%。 相似文献
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臭氧在水中的最佳投量和肠菌灭活 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了臭氧在水中的投加方法与方式,并研究了臭氧的最佳投配量及对大肠菌的灭活效果;对臭氧浓度、投加量、接触时间、水深度与吸收率之间的关系作了必要的分析。根据臭氧吸收率和细菌灭活率诸因素确定了满足一般性细菌灭活的基本参数,认为在臭氧浓度为10—12mg/l、接触时间5分钟、投加量0.5—1.0mg/l三参数下,臭氧吸收率和细菌灭活率能处于最佳状态。 相似文献
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高效消毒剂优氯净的生产和应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
先把氢氧化钠与氯气反应生成次氯酸钠,取一部分次氯酸钠加入氰脲酸中,并加氯气使反应完全。优氯净是一种高效消毒剂、漂白剂和羊毛防缩整理剂等。 相似文献
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随着污水厂出水排放标准日益提高,对排水中粪大肠菌群的控制也越来越严格。现场电解制次氯酸钠发生系统是一种较为理想的环境友好型氯消毒技术,能够有效杀灭城镇污水处理厂出水中的粪大肠杆菌。因原水水质不同,次氯酸钠的杀菌效果会有差异。次氯酸钠对原水中的氨氮有一定的去除作用,但是有可能氧化原水中残留的有机氮,从而使得氨氮含量重新升高。现场连续投加试验中,反应池次氯酸钠浓度为1.2mg/L,出水中的粪大肠菌群始终稳定达到GB18918-2002一级A标准的要求,且其他水质指标(如氨氮、COD等)良好。 相似文献
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The use of potassium ferrate(VI) as an alternative water remediation chemical has been studied and is reported in this paper. The water remediation performance of potassium ferrate(VI) was evaluated in comparison with sodium hypochlorite, ferric sulphate (FS) and aluminium sulphate (AS). The effects of the dosages of ferrate(VI), hypochlorite and FS/AS and solution pH were investigated. A model water with Escherichia coli (E. coli) number concentration of 3.2×108/100 ml was used to examine the comparative disinfection performance and a real sewage sample was used to assess the comparative coagulation performance. The study demonstrated that the potassium ferrate(VI) performed superior to sodium hypochlorite in the inactivation of E. coli; less ferrate(VI) dose and contact time were required to achieve the same E. coli killing efficiency, the disinfection performance was less affected by the solution pH, and the disinfection rate of the ferrate(VI) was faster than that with sodium hypochlorite. In sewage treatment, ferrate(VI) performed superiorly as a oxidant and a coagulant; it can reduce 30% more COD, and kill 3 log more bacteria in comparison with AS and FS at a similar or even smaller dose. 相似文献
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液氯和次氯酸钠对饮用水消毒效果的生产性试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以次氯酸钠代替液氯消毒是未来饮用水消毒的重要发展方向,但对于次氯酸钠消毒对供水水质的影响一直缺乏生产性试验研究.以上海2个净水厂实际生产工艺考察了液氯和次氯酸钠2种消毒剂的消毒效果,对于其在微生物消毒效果、消毒副产物生成和对氮磷及有机物去除方面进行了比较分析.研究发现,2种消毒方式对微生物的杀菌效率基本相同,但是次氯酸... 相似文献
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次氯酸钠现场生产系统在大中型水厂的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了次氯酸钠现场生产系统的技术原理和在上海长兴水厂的应用,并与其它几种饮用水消毒手段:投加氯气、二氧化氯、商品次氯酸钠、臭氧以及紫外线照射进行了比较。表明次氯酸钠现场生产技术与液氯或商品次氯酸钠消毒技术相比,是一种无论在原料运输、制备、贮存、投加方面都很安全并有良好即时和持续消毒效果的技术,在经济性方面也比商品次氯酸钠技术优越,次氯酸钠现场生产技术较为适合于大中型自来水厂消毒。 相似文献
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在水处理中,消毒工艺的目的主要是杀死对人体健康有害的病原微生物,常用的方法有氯消毒、次氯酸钠消毒、二氧化氯消毒、臭氧消毒、紫外线消毒和活性氧消毒剂法等。文章重点分析以上消毒方法的机理及各自的优缺点,为工程选择提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Lydie Paugam David Delaunay Murielle Rabiller-Baudry 《Food and Bioproducts Processing》2010,88(4):425-429
The cleaning step in the ultrafiltration of skim milk is not always complete before the following disinfection start, raising concerns about the effect of disinfectants on any protein remaining. For a Koch polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane [model HFK131], the fouling in skim milk UF is exclusively due to proteins. Used in right quantity, hypochlorite well finishes the cleaning and can also be used alone as a cleaner [removing 95% of the proteinaceous fouling]. However, if the amount of hypochlorite is not sufficient to end the cleaning, this can lead to large reductions production flux [a 13% decrease on skim milk flux was observed]. Other oxidants such as PVP-iodine, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid and sodium perborate do not achieve hydraulic cleanliness [90% of flux recovery]. Oxidants based on hydrogen peroxide and PVP-iodine, when used on a membrane which was still fouled by protein, yielded flux recovery worse than for a single rinsing. 相似文献
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Ozone was used as an alternative for replacing sodium hypochlorite in the disinfection of yam nodal segments during the establishment stage for in vitro mass plant propagation. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of ozone on disinfection of yam nodal segments in gaseous and aqueous phase in comparison to sodium hypochlorite. The immersion of yam nodal segments in water containing dissolved ozone with an ozone concentration of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm during for 5 to 10 min gave the best results; 100% of yam nodal segments were free of microbial contamination. In terms of sprouting initiation (7.5 days), sprouting percentage (88%), and sprouts growth (4.81 cm), all were improved in comparison to the conventionally used sodium hypochlorite. 相似文献
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综述了国内外医院废水消毒工艺中常见的消毒方法,介绍了加热、紫外线、液氯、次氯酸钠、二氧化氯等消毒技术及其特点,并探讨了今后医院废水消毒技术的发展方向。 相似文献