多通道陶瓷超滤膜孔径分布及截留率测定

本文对工业化多通道陶瓷超滤膜进行了研究,以异丁醇－蒸馏水体系用液－液排除法测定了超滤膜的孔径及孔径分布,对同一膜管及体系,进行了重复性实验,测定了膜的截留率,比较了截留率与孔径及孔径分布的关系,讨论了操作条件对截留率的影响,为工业化膜的制备及选取提供指导。     

复合电镀（Ni—P）—SiC的新工艺

研究了复合电镀（Ｎｉ－Ｐ）－ＳｉＣ过程，发现随镀液中ＳｉＣ浓度增加，阴极极化随之增加，分散能力下降，镀液中加入混合稀土后，镀层硬度由５７４ＨＶ提高到６０２ＨＶ，相对磨损量由４．５４×１０＾－２ｇ／ｃｍ＾２下降到３．５×１０＾－２ｇ／ｃｍ＾２与Ａ３钢相对耐磨性提高４．１倍。     

液膜法富集镉（II）与测定镀液中微量镉

用Ｐ２１５－ＴＯＰＯ－ＳＰＡＮ８０－液体石蜡－内相（ＨＣｌ溶液）乳状液膜体系研究了Ｃｄ＾２＋的迁移行为，只有Ｃｄ＾２＋能与各种阳离子得到满意的分离。最佳液膜体系为４％Ｐ２１５、２％ＴＯＰＯ、５％ＳＰＡＮ８０、４％液体石蜡、８５％煤油和内相（４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣＬ）。确定了分离与富集镉（Ⅱ）的最优实验条件，Ｒｏｉ＝１：１（油内比），Ｒｅｗ＝２０：１２０（乳水比）。用此法已成功地测定镀液和工业废水中微量     

高效液膜分离富集镍基合金镀层中稀土总量

用ＴＢＰ－ＴＴＡ（协同流动载体）、ＳＰＡＮ８０和煤油高效液膜体系，研究∑ＲＥ＾３＋迁移行为。在适宜条件下，１０ｍｉｎ内，∑ＲＥ＾３＋的迁移率达９９．５％以上。在同样条件下，常见共存金属离子如Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｍｏ＾６＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋等均不被迁移；大量碱金属、碱土金属、Ｃｌ、ＮＯ３、ＣｌＯ４、Ｆ、ＳｉＯ３＾２－、ＳＯ４＾２－等离子也不影     

ZnO—B2O3—SiO2系统的介电性能研究

对ＺｎＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２三元系统进行了ＸＲＤ和介电性能研究，提出系统的主晶相为方石英，另外还存在Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４相。Ｚｎ２ＳｉＯ４的ε为７．７，ｔｇδ≤５×１０＾－４，αｃ（介电常数温度变化率）为＋９０×１０＾－５／℃。调整各组分，获得一系列αｃ〉０的超低介电常数的介质陶瓷，其中介电性能为：ε≤５，Ｒｉ≥１０＾１３Ω，αｃ＝０±３０×１０＾－５／℃的组分，其烧结温度为１１４０℃，可用来制造高频低     

化学镀钴液中钴（Ⅲ）的分光光度测定

研究了钴－１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚及溴化十六烷基三甲铵体系测定钴。钴与ＰＡＮ二元配合物摩尔吸光系数可达９．４－１０＾３ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１加入表面活性剂后，钴与ＰＡＮ生成三元配合物，摩尔吸光系数数值提高到２．１２－１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，钴含量０－２５μｇ／５０ｍｌ范围内经耳定律，方法应用于测定化学镀钴液中钴的测定。     

液膜法富集镉（Ⅱ）与测定镀液中微量镉

用Ｐ２１５－ＴＯＰＯ－ＳＰＡＮ８０－液体石蜡－煤油－内相（ＨＣｌ溶液）乳状液膜体系研究了Ｃｄ（２＋）的迁移行为，只有Ｃｄ~２能与各种阳离子得到满意的分离。最佳液膜体系为４％Ｐ２１５、２％ＴＯＰＯ、５％　ＳＰＡＮ８０、４％液体石蜡、８５％　煤油和内相（４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ）。确定了分离与富集镉（Ⅱ）的最优实验条件，Ｒｏｉ＝１：１（油内比），Ｒｅｗ＝２０：１２０（乳水比）。用此法已成功地测定镀液和工业废水中微量镉，其回收率为９９．４％以上，相对标准偏差在３．７％以下，结果满意。     

高效液膜分离富集水和工业废水中微量氟

用Ｎ５０３、ＳＰＡＮ８０和煤油等太液膜体系分离集Ｆ，在适宜条件下能迅速、定量迁移富集Ｆ。许多常见离子在此条件下，则不能通过液膜迁移内相中，从含有Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾３＋等离子混合溶液２中分离富集Ｆ，氟的回收率为９９．５－１００．４％，ＲＳＤ在３．８％以下。     

苯妥英钠化学传感器的研制

研制了苯妥英钠ＰＶＣ膜化学传感器，该传感器选择性好，稳定性好，其线性范围为１．０×１０＾－１－１．０×１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，检测下限为１．８×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，为５９．１ｍｖ／ｐｃ（２９８Ｋ，ＰＨ＝４．０－１１．５）。     

钽离子注入型对锂硅酸盐电极玻璃电性质的影响

本文在Ｌｉ２Ｏ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ｔａ２Ｏ５－ＳｉＯ２系统电极玻璃中注入５０ｋｅＶ，剂量分别为５×１０＾６，１×１０＾１７，２×１０＾１７ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ＾２的Ｔａ＾＋离子，测定了注入前后电导率Ｔｋ－１００的变化，计算了活化能，结果表明，Ｔａ离子注放后，随剂量的增加，电导率和Ｔｋ－１００增加，活化能降低，并探讨了注入后电导率和Ｔｋ－１００变化的机理。     

A Fully Automated System for the Determination of Pore Size Distribution in Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Membranes

Abstract

An automated system controlled by a Amstrad CPC 6128 microcomputer was designed. The apparatus can be used for a fast characterization of MF and UF membranes by the bubble point method. The theory for a modified bubble-point method is reviewed. The system determines pore size, pore size distribution, and surface porosity for the membranes of pore radii not less than 45 nm. The whole experiment takes 3–5 h to complete. The apparatus was tested on various MF and UF membranes (Nuclepore, Synpor, PVC UF, PAN UF, CA UF).     

混凝耦合多孔陶瓷膜净化河水简

Membrane filtration technology combined with coagulation is widely used to purify river water. In this study, micro filtration （MF） and ultrafiltration （UF） ceramic membranes were combined with coagulation to treat local river water located at Xinghua, Jiangsu province, China. The operation parameters, fouling mechanism and pilot-scale tests were investigated. The results show that the pore size of membrane has small effect on the pseudo-steady flux for dead-end filtration, and the increase of flux in MF process is more than that in UF process for cross-flow filtration with the same increase of cross-flow velocity. The membrane pore size has little influence on the water quality. The analysis on membrane fouling mechanism shows that the cake filtrationhas significant in fluence on the pseudo-steady flux and water quality for the membrane with pore size of 50, 200 and 500 nm. For the membrane with pore size of 200 nm and backwashing employed in our pilot study, a constant flux of 150 L-m^-2-h^-1 was reached during stable operation, with the removal efficiency of turbidity, total organic carbon （TOC） and UV254 higher than 99%, 45% and 48%, respectively. The study demonstrates that coagulation-porous ceramic membrane hybrid process is a reliable method for river water purification.     

Preparation of Deoiled Soy Lecithin by Ultrafiltration

Deoiling of soy lecithin through ultrafiltration (UF) using an inorganic ceramic membrane was examined in a favorable solvent medium (hexane). Phospholipid (PL) reverse micelles with an average particle size of 9.8 nm were prepared in a 1:3 soy lecithin/hexane system (m/m) with 9% water added at a temperature of 25 °C. Consequently, an inorganic ceramic membrane with a pore size of 5 nm was selected. UF was employed in continuous diafiltration mode at transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 0.25 MPa, and a final deoiled lecithin product with a high acetone insoluble (AI) content of 96.32% was obtained at a yield of around 84%.     

Study on the control of pore sizes of membranes using chemical methods: Part III. The performance of carbonates and bicarbonates in the membrane-making process by the chemical reaction

In this paper, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polymethyl acrilate (PMMA)/cellulose acetate (CA) blend UF membranes were prepared by chemical reaction introduced phase-inversion method. The results of the experiment show that: (1) The membrane pore size distribution is more uniform due to the presence of carbonates or bicarbonates in the coagulation bath; (2) No more than the stoichiometric ratio amount of carbonates or bicarbonates in the coagulation bath can effectively improve the membrane pore size distribution and make the pore size of membrane more uniform; (3) The membrane prepared by carbonates solution as a working solution in coagulation bath possess superior performance than that by bicarbonates.     

超滤膜孔径及其分布的测定方法：Ⅱ.两种测定方法设计

设计了连续气流法和混合探针分子分光光度法，可测定超滤膜孔径及其分布。     

Effect of polymer concentration on porosity and pore size characteristics of alumina membrane substrates prepared by gelcasting

The effect of urea–formaldehyde (UF) polymer concentration on porosity and average pore size of alumina membrane substrates prepared by gelcasting has been studied. The soluble UF oligomers formed in the initial stages of polymerization act as steric stabilizer for alumina particles in the suspension. The porosity and average pore size of the substrate samples decreased with both the decrease of amount of polymer in the gelcast body and the increase of sintering temperature. Membrane substrates obtained by sintering of gelcast bodies containing UF polymer concentrations from 24.3 to 15.6 wt% at temperatures from 1250 to 1450 °C showed porosity and average pore size of 62.5–27 vol% and 0.43–0.20 μm, respectively. The membrane substrates prepared by the gelcasting method had narrow pore size distribution.     

超滤技术及其应用与发展

简要介绍了超滤分离的基本原理、特点及其在食品生产和环境保护中的应用。超滤是一种流体切向流动和压力驱动的过滤过程并按分子量大小来分离颗粒。超滤膜是一种孔径范围为0.001～0.02微米的一种微孔过滤膜。超滤膜采用压力差为推动力的膜过滤方法为超滤膜过滤。最后对超滤膜污染的预防和避免提出了解决的意见。     

Nanocrystalline cellulose reinforced PVDF-HFP membranes for membrane distillation application

Polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) membranes containing different amounts of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were fabricated by electrospining technique for application in membrane distillation (MD). The effect of incorporating NCC on the mechanical strength, morphology, pore size distribution, and liquid entry pressure (water) of the fibrous was investigated. Incorporation of NCC in PVDF-HFP matrix improved the tensile strength and Young's modulus and narrowed down the pore size distribution of the fabricated membranes. Liquid entry pressure, which is an important parameter to ensure high salt rejection of the membranes in MD, was improved from ~ 19 psi to ~ 27 psi with the addition of 2 wt.% NCC. Fabricated membranes were tested in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). MD operation data revealed water flux of 10.2–11.5 Lh^− 1 m^− 2 with salt rejection of 99% for these NCC-incorporated membranes.     

污水深度超滤过程的数学模拟及应用研究

以流体力学理论为基础，从膜结构的角度出发，以膜孔密度和膜孔径为主要参数建立了超滤膜过滤受污染水的膜结构参数模型，并以不同分子量分布的城市污水二级处理水为原水，对模型参数进行了拟合、验证。结果表明：膜结构参数模型能较好地反映深度处理污水的超滤膜污染过程。     

Design and fabrication of whisker hybrid ceramic membranes with narrow pore size distribution and high permeability via co-sintering process

Ceramic microfiltration membranes (MF) with narrow pore size distribution and high permeability are widely used for the preparation of ceramic ultrafiltration membranes (UF) and in wastewater treatment. In this work, a whisker hybrid ceramic membrane (WHCM) consisting of a whisker layer and an alumina layer was designed to achieve high permeability and narrow pore size distribution based on the relative resistance obtained using the Hagen-Poiseuille and Darcy equations. The whisker layer was designed to prevent the penetration of alumina particles into the support and ensure a high porosity of the membrane, while the alumina layer provided a smooth surface and narrow pore size distribution. Mass transfer resistance is critical to reduce the effect of the membrane layers. It was found that the resistance of the WHCM depended largely on the alumina layer. The effect of the support and whisker layer on the resistance of the WHCM was negligible. This was consistent with theoretical calculations. The WHCM was co-sintered at 1000?°C, which resulted in a high permeability of ~?645?L?m^?1 h^?1 ;bar^?1 and a narrow pore size distribution of ~?100?nm. Co-sintering was carried out on a macroporous ceramic support (just needed one sintering process), which greatly reduced the preparation cost and time. The WHCM (as the sub-layer) also showed a great potential to be used for the fabrication of ceramic UF membranes with high repeatability. Hence, this study provides an efficient approach for the fabrication of advanced ceramic MF membranes on macroporous supports, allowing for rapid prototyping with scale-up capability.