水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

Stability of granules of solid solutions of poly-pehnyleneterephthalamide

Conclusions Studies of starting solutions of PPTA in sulfuric acid and of granules obtained under pressrue at low temperature, and of granules stored in a hermetic package, have been carried out by the methods of differential thermal analysis, turbidity spectrum and viscometry.On granulation of a solidified PPTA solution, short-term storage of the granules in a hermetic package, or short contanct of the granulated mass with air, no appreciable change in melting point or of the intrinsic viscosity of the system takes place.Long storage of a granulated solution, even in hermetic packages, can lead to a considerable decrease in the melting point of the crystal solvates, caused by an increase in defectiveness of crystal structure under the effect of moisture.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 25–26, May–June, 1986.     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Implementation of the Results of Mathematical Modeling of Orientation of Polypropylene Fibre

Process schemes for implementation of the optimum conditions of the final stage of orientational drawing of PP fibre are proposed based on the results of mathematical modeling. The existence of successive stages of transformation of the structure of PP fibre in the second stage of orientational drawing was experimentally confirmed with indirect indexes. The necessity of selecting the draw ratio that ensures completeness of the given stage of structural transformation is demonstrated. Structural schemes are proposed for automated control systems for selecting the optimum draw ratio in the first and final stages of orientational drawing and control of the structure of the spun polymer with indirect parameters.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Theory of thermohydrodynamic instability of the front of filtration combustion of gases

Based on the filtration equations with account of heat transfer in the heating region, the problem of instability of small perturbations of the wave front of filtration combustion of a gas is solved. Expressions for the growth decrement and critical transverse size of a perturbation are obtained. The problem of the wave-front stability is solved with account of the macroscopic redistribution of filtration in the system. The solution includes macroscopic characteristics such as the transverse size, the width of the high-temperature zone, etc. A method is proposed for taking into account the influence of the characteristics of the system on the evolution of perturbations. It is shown that small deformation perturbations of the front always increase to a certain amplitude; their subsequent development— continuation of their growth or stabilization—is determined by the characteristics of the system. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 3–5, September–October 1999.     

Selection of the sequence of separation of ternary mixtures

Two optimization problems are considered. One of them is the problem of the sequence of separation of a ternary mixture in a two-step system for which the energy consumption in processes at given capacities is minimal, and the other is the problem of the optimal distribution of contact surfaces between the first and second steps. For thermal separation systems, the dependence of the maximum possible capacity of the system on the sequence of separation of components is analyzed.     

Effect of Regime of Addition of Initiator on TEMPO-Mediated Polymerization of Styrene

Summary Investigation of the TEMPO-mediated polymerization of styrene at different regimes of addition of AIBN initiator showed that the course of the polymerization could be changed dramatically by a mode of the initiator addition without using any other additives. A very significant acceleration of the polymerization was reached at a specific regime without broadening the polydispersity of the resulting polymer.     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

Determination of the extent of oxidation of fats

Summary The amount of secondary oxidation products in refined and unrefined fats has been determined by reaction with benzidine acetate in iso-octane absolute alcohol solution, and measurement of the absorption at 350 mμ of the yellow color has been made. An “aldehyde value” has been calculated from this absorption intensity, using cinnamaldehyde as a reference substance. Determination of the aldehyde value and peroxide number of oils before and during refining has given information on the effect of the different refining processes on the state of oxidation of the oils. The effect of hardening on the content of oxidation products of an oil has been investigated. The effect of the amount of oxidation products in the unrefined material on the flavor stability of the refined material and of the margarine made from it has also been studied.     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。     

Determination of Quasiequilibrium Work of Adhesion of Elastic Coatings

Present methods for the determination of adhesion bonding of elastic polymeric materials entail certain experimental difficulties. In particular, the necessity of strict centering of the test specimen, and the difficulty associated with application of a homogeneously distributed stress over the whole cross-sectional area (homogeneous detachment or shear), or the excessive expenditure of work resulting from polymer deformation (peel).^1,2

We are suggesting a method to determine the quasi-equilibrium work of adhesion during the peeling process for elastic polymeric coatings, the value of which, as was demonstrated experimentally, does not depend on the coating thickness, deformation or rate of peeling.     

浅析专利申请中公开不充分的问题

技术术语含义不明确会导致发明专利申请公开不充分,申请人可以通过提交证明文件的方式明确该技术术语的含义,证明文件需要满足两个条件:第一、需要证明自己所提到的技术术语确实跟申请文件中的该术语指的是同一事物;第二、需要证明自己提到的技术术语的具体含义是什么。     

Effectiveness of operation of sewerage system of mobile complex of thermocatalytic waste treatment

The design and functionality of basic units of a mobile waste processing complex of MPK type is described. Experimental data on the catalytic purification of gases are presented. It is determined that concentrations of toxic compounds in waste incineration flue gas of the MPK complex are much smaller than the values allowed by regulations for emissions.     

A Review of Contemporary Views of Theories of Adhesion

The once distinct and independent theories of adhesion have been losing their isolation and converging. Ideas of the effects of surface roughness, once dismissed as irrelevant except in the case of textiles, have been revised; albeit on a smaller scale as details of surfaces have been revealed by sophisticated techniques. Electrostatic interactions across an interface have been more deeply explored and their significance recognised and expounded. Diffusion of groupings and chain segments within a polymer have been related to the possibilities of interaction with a variety of surfaces. Perhaps most important, theories of adsorption have been extended in depth. The precise nature of the molecular interactions have been recognised and quantified. In doing this the contribution of diffusion and elastoplastic phenomena have been integrated. These developments are collated and analysed to present the present understanding of the concepts.     

PET结晶行为改进的研究进展

综述并分析了影响PET结晶行为的因素、改进措施及评价结晶行为参数的研究进展。