Synthesis of methyl,propyl, butyl,isobutyl, hexyl,cyclohexyl, octyl,and 2-ethylhexyl esters of epoxyoleic acid

A series of esters of 12,13-epoxyoleic acid were prepared by means of alcoholysis of triepoxyolein (trivernolin). The procedure for the alcoholysis, and isolation and purification of the esters are described. Analytical characteristics of the esters are reported. E. Util. Res. Devel. Div., ARS, USDA.     

DUO-ICP-AES测定精对苯二甲酸中的钴、铬、铁、锰、钼、镍、钛

采用DUO-ICP-AES同时测定精对苯二甲酸中钴、铬、铁、锰、钼、镍、钛,并对仪器的分析线选择、背景校正、入射功率、雾化器压力、辅助气流量、冷却气流量、蠕动泵转速的影响及共存元素的干扰、硝酸铯灰化助剂等因素进行了详细的研究。方法的检测限:钴0.0097 mg/L;铬0.0021 mg/L;铁0.0078 mg/L;锰0.0012 mg/L;钼0.0027 mg/L;镍0.016 mg/L;钛0.0027 mg/L,回收率和精密度分别为93.0%～99.5%和0.37%～3.2%。该方法快速简便,具有良好的精密度和准确度,适用于进出口精对苯二甲酸的日常检验。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定润滑油中的铁,镍,铜,锌,硼,磷

通过微波消解处理润滑油,ICP法测定润滑油中铁,镍,铜,锌,硼等元素,通过正交实验进行微波消解条件优化,并进行了精密度实验,标准样品的回收率为98%以上,相对标准偏差小于1%。     

水镁石、水菱镁石和斜方云石资源、加工与应用

对水镁石、水菱镁石和斜方云石资源及其加工和应用进行了评述。包括上述资源的发展历史、化学组成和物性参数、资源储量和矿石品位、生产加工以及在不同领域(如镁质阻燃剂、中和剂、重金属离子脱除剂、镁肥、饲料添加剂等)的应用,并对它们的发展前景进行了展望。     

新型高效肥料创制的意义,现状及发展趋势

系统分析了新型高效肥料创制的意义,阐述了缓／控释肥料、稳定肥料、复合（混）肥料和有机肥料的发展现状和趋势,提出了今后我国新型高效肥料创制的方向。     

Synthesis of Hexabenzo[a,cd,f,j,lm,o]perylene

Hexabenzo[a,cd,f,j,lm,o]perylene (HBP), an undecacyclic condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with two severely crowded fjord regions, was synthesized by Clar's method; the starting material 8H-benzo[fg]-naphthacene-8-one was newly prepared by the glycerol condensation of 5,12-dihydro-naphthacene-5,12-dione. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra of HBP were measured and the chemical shifts were completely assigned. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of HBP were also measured and the effects of nonplanarity on its spectroscopic properties was discussed.     

2,3,5,6-四氨基吡嗪的合成

以亚氨基二乙腈为起始原料,经亚硝化、环合、硝化、还原四步反应得到2,3,5,6-四氨基吡嗪（TAPA）,结构经NMR,IR,ESI-MS确证,总产率达到26.8%。分别探讨了环合反应温度及不同的硝化体系对中间产物中间产物Ⅲ和Ⅳ收率的影响,并讨论了加氢还原反应的影响因素,得出最佳工艺条件为：环合反应温度为25℃;硝化反应中,选择硝酸钾和发烟硫酸作为硝化体系;还原反应中,m(Pd/C):m(2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物)=1:15,V(CH3OH):V(H2O)=1:1,反应温度为55℃,氢气压力在0.8～1.2MPa之间。该合成路线的优点在于起始原料亚氨基二乙腈廉价易得,中间体易于保存,因而大幅度降低了生产成本。     

新时代，以创新思维审议磷矿加工方法

地球已进入以人类为中心的“人类纪元”。为使全球可持续发展,应考虑今后几十代人对磷资源的需求。介绍了世界磷资源现况及国内外最新磷矿储量数据,分析了我国磷肥产品结构;提出高品位、易加工磷资源用于磷化工、磷化学品合成,低品位、难选磷矿用于含磷肥料生产的新思路,并认为生产过磷酸钙、钙镁磷肥比生产磷铵类肥料对磷资源利用更合理。提出了磷肥产业结构调整新战略,以使我国磷资源的可采寿命从目前的100—200年延长至500年。     

Continuous solvent extraction of sunflower,seed, groundnuts,palmkernels, rapeseed,and copra

In principle, the oil milling process is straightforward. The wide variety of equipment in use reflects, however, a multiparametric process. The main limiting parameters are kind of seed, oil content, particle strength, particle structure, temperature, moisture, particle size, residence time, mechanical forces, etc. Additionally, the seed specific parameters vary not only between kinds of seed but also for the same seed, due to different conditions in climate, soil, and harvesting. Therefore, equipment design must be widely based on statistical averages of the limiting parameters. In other words, exact precalculation of the single technological steps is impossible. As a consequence, for more than 5,000 years, the oil milling process has been in the stage of being optimized. The acutal technical standard is very satisfying, but there is still a strong need for further research and development. Currently, as in the past, the oil milling process seems to be not so much a science as an art.     

ICP-AES分析低合金钢中的Mn、Mo、V、Ni、Al、Cu、Cr元素

用等离子发射光谱法测定低合金钢中的Mn、Mo、V、Ni、Al、Cu、Cr元素,试样用HNO3和HCl在加热条件下分解,经过系列试验,选择仪器的工作条件,进行测定,建立了一套分析方法,经对照分析,分析结果令人满意。本方法快速准确,精密度良好,完全可以满足生产需要。     

Melting of Forsterite, Monticellite, Merwinite, Spinel, and Periclase Assemblages

Experimental data which define melting temperatures and crystalline solution compositions show that the assemblage forsterite+monticellite+spinel+periclase melts near 1425°C and that the assemblage monticellite+merwinite+spinel+ periclase melts between 1406° and 1420°C. The melting of the former assemblage is a double reaction point. The forsterite crystalline solution contains 13 mol% monticellite and the monticellite crystalline solution contains 22 mol% forsterite. A projection system shows that the new data agree with much previous data but highlight inconsistencies in previous data for assemblages containing more CaO, such as merwinite+dicalcium silicate+spinel+periclase. These assemblages are encountered in magnesite refractories with CaO:SiO₂<2.0 during firing and in service.     

ICP-OES测定大量元素水溶肥料中锌、镁、铜、铁、锰、钼、硼含量

采用ICP-OES对大量元素水溶肥料中微量元素锌、镁、铜、铁、锰、钼、硼进行分析,研究确定了最佳分析条件。加标回收率为96.94%～106.2%,RSD为0.50%～1.40%,检出限为0.001 8～0.218 0 mg/L,方法简便、快速、准确。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡、镍含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定金属饰品中铅、镉、铬、汞、锑、砷、硒、钡、镍的含量.用体积比为3∶1的浓硝酸和浓盐酸微波溶解样品,研究了样品的消解方法、消解介质、分析谱线及工作参数等对检测结果的影响.方法的检测限(mg/L):铅0.06、镉0.009、铬0.002、汞0.04、砷0.02、硒0.01、钡0.0...     

Cleaning,cracking, dehulling,decorticating, and flaking of oil-bearing materials

Techniques and equipment for cleaning, cracking, dehulling, decorticating, and flaking of oil-bearing materials are described. Particular methods and cautions for unusual materials are discussed.     

Morphological,structural, surface,thermal, chemical,and magnetic properties of Al-doped nanostructured copper ferrites

Aluminum-doped copper ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via thermal decomposition were analyzed for Al³⁺ substitution effects. Nanocrystalline doped copper ferrite with a crystallite size <9 nm was characterized using several advanced techniques, including X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The degree of thermal decomposition used for doping copper ferrite at the nanoparticle level correlates well with the quantitative, dimensional, and structural characterizations. The Scherrer equation and Williamson–Hall method were employed to determine the general lattice strain and constants. Structural properties, such as the oxygen positional parameters, radii of the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, hopping lengths, bond lengths and angles, site bonds, and edge lengths, were determined using XRD patterns. The improved A–B super-exchange interaction was demonstrated by the discrepancy in the theoretically anticipated bond angles. The analysis of magnetic hysteresis (M − H) using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and XPS confirmed the improvement in the super-exchange interaction. XPS results suggest that Fe and Cu in the crystal lattice are in the form of Fe^III and Cu^II, respectively. The investigation of the degree of inversion, state, and composition using XPS aids to understand the properties of the nanostructured copper ferrites. The saturation and remnant magnetization were determined from hysteresis loops at 1.8 T obtained using the VSM at room temperature. The noncollinear spin and efficient sublattice interactions are responsible for the decrease in M_s and M_r.     

汉中绿茶中铜、铁、锰、锌、氟含量的测定

为了解汉中地区绿茶中铜、铁、锰、锌、氟的含量,采用微波消解-原子吸收分光光度法及氟离子选择电极法对汉中绿茶中的铜、铁、锰、锌、氟含量进行了测定。结果显示,汉中绿茶中铜、铁、锰、锌、氟的含量范围分别为66.96μg.g-1,482.30μg.g-1,854.57μg.g-1,89.75μg.g-1,48.6μg.g-1。与文献相比,汉中绿茶中铁、锌含量远高于平均值,锰和铜的含量与平均值相当;氟含量略低于绿茶平均氟含量。     

N,N''''-双甲基-N,N''''-双(2,3,4,5,6-五羟基正己基)-2,3,5,6-四碘对苯二甲酰胺的合成

以对苯二甲酸和碘为原料,50%发烟硫酸为溶剂,制得2,3,5,6-四碘对苯二甲酸,再通过氯化亚砜进行酰氯化,最后与葡甲胺反应合成了标题化合物.其结构通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱,质谱得到确证.运用正交实验优化了酰胺化反应条件三乙胺为缚酸剂,四碘对苯二甲酰氯和葡甲胺为反应物,它们的物质的量比为2.112.4,反应温度为40℃时,产率高达71.5%.     

1，4，7，10－四氮杂环十二烷烃的合成

Ｎ，Ｎ′，Ｎ″－三（对甲苯磺酰基）二亚乙基三胺与氢化钠形成二钠盐，然后与Ｎ，Ｏ，Ｏ′－三（对甲苯磺酰基）双（２－羟乙基）胺缩合环化，生成Ｎ－对甲苯磺酰化的四氮杂环十二烷。在浓硫酸作用下，加热脱对甲苯磺酰基，得１，４，７，１０－四氮杂环十二烷烃。３步反应总产率为４４％。     

Fatty Acids,Tocopherols, Tocotrienols,Phytosterols, Carotenoids,and Squalene in Seed Oils of Hyptis suaveolens,Leonotis nepetifolia,and Ocimum sanctum

The oil yield and composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, carotenoids, and squalene in the seeds of three species—Hyptis suaveolens, Leonotis nepetifolia, Ocimum sanctum—belonging to the Lamiaceae family, are studied. The oil yields are 12.1%, 16.1%, and 29.0% in O. sanctum, H. suaveolens, and L. nepetifolia, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acids are a predominant group (86.8–92.1%) in all three investigated plants; however, the profile for each species is unique. The main fatty acid differs as follows: H. suaveolens—linoleic acid (85.8%), L. nepetifolia—oleic acid (58.3%), and O. sanctum—α‐linolenic (48.6%). γ‐Tocopherol accounts for over 97%, 90%, and 93% of the total tocochromanol content (sum of tocopherols and tocotrienols) in H. suaveolens, L. nepetifolia, and O. sanctum, respectively. Two tocotrienol homologues, α and γ, are detected only in L. nepetifolia. β‐Sitosterol is the main detected sterol (38–59%) in all three species. High levels of campesterol (18–20%), Δ5‐stigmasterol (9–21%), and Δ5‐avenasterol (7–12%) are also detected. Squalene is detected only in O. sanctum (45.8 mg/100 g oil). The content of sterols, tocochromanols, and carotenoids in the investigated Lamiaceae plant seed oils ranges between 279.5–576.3, 54.5–66.7, and 0.3–3.1 mg/100 g oil, respectively. Practical Applications: Lamiaceae plants are of medicinal interest due to the presence of a broad spectrum of bioactive molecules. The present study demonstrates that seeds of the species H. suaveolens, L. nepetifolia, and O. sanctum are rich sources of bioactive compounds of lipophilic nature. There is limited knowledge associated with the composition of tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, carotenoids, and squalene. The results of the studied medicinal plants may enhance future targeted applications in various sectors.