改性木纤维/PVC复合材料界面及性能的研究

比较了硅烷偶联剂处理、氢氧化钠溶液浸泡与硅烷偶联剂双重处理,接枝改性等3种木纤维表面处理方法对木纤维/PVC复合材料界面及性能的影响,通过扫描电镜照片发现接枝改性木纤维在PVC基体中分散更均匀,与PVC界面相容性好.接枝改性木纤维/PVC复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能有明显提高.最后分析了木纤维接枝改性处理时引发剂用量对复合材料力学性能的影响.     

纳米SiO2表面高聚物接枝改性的研究

介绍了利用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纳米SiO2进行表面处理的方法;研究了利用悬浮聚合法在改性纳米SiO2 表面自由基接枝PMMA的途径。并对PMMA的接枝率及接枝效率随引发剂用量的变化关系进行了研究。     

聚丙烯/有机物改性绿坡缕石(ATP)纳米复合材料的制备和性能

利用熔融共混法成功制备出聚丙烯/有机物改性绿坡缕石(org-ATP)纳米复合材料。复合材料中使用的ATP首先经过硅烷偶联剂处理,然后再用丙烯酸丁酯接枝改性。利用SEM以及TEM对org-ATP的表面形态和分散性进行了测     

剑麻纤维／酚醛树脂复合材料研究

本文采用碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理、化学接枝和热处理等物理化学方法，对剑麻纤维进行改性。研究了改性后短剑麻纤维／酚醛树脂复合材料的弯曲性能、无缺口冲击强度和布氏硬度，借助扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的弯曲断口形貌，并研究了剑麻纤维的不同处理方法对复合材料耐水浸泡性的影响。结果表明：剑麻纤维经硅烷偶联剂处理后，能有效改善刚性的剑麻纤维与脆性的酚醛树脂基体之间的粘结，从而提高了复合材料的综合力学性能，剑麻     

硅烷偶联剂对复合水泥砂浆性能的影响

通过红外光谱分析及砂浆强度测试，研究了硅烷偶联剂对不同种类复合水泥砂浆的稠度、分层度、抗折强度及抗压强度的影响。结果表明，加入硅烷偶联剂能提高普通水泥砂浆、苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为0．5％时，普通水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约10％；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％时，苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约20％；同时，硅烷偶联剂还能增大普通水泥砂浆和苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的稠度，但砂浆的分层度略有增大。加入经硅烷偶联剂处理的钢纤维，能够提高普通水泥砂浆及苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当钢纤维用硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％的硅烷偶联剂水溶液处理时，钢纤维增强砂浆的抗折、抗压强度达到极大值，提高10％以上。     

玻璃纤维浸润剂的制备与性能

通过玻璃纤维浸润剂的制备,采用浸润剂中的硅烷偶联剂(KH550)进行接枝改性,并对二氧化硅进行接枝改性,探讨了制备浸润剂乳液的工艺条件等。分析了硅烷偶联剂的改性效果,制成的浸润剂乳液的性能,还分析了制备的浸润剂涂覆到玻璃纤维表面后得到的玻璃纤维的力学性能等。FT-IR测试结果表明,烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯环氧基醚(AEPH)已接枝到硅烷偶联剂上,硅烷偶联剂(KH550)接枝到二氧化硅上。接触角测试结果表明,二氧化硅的疏水性得到了明显改善。将改性后的硅烷偶联剂和二氧化硅加入到双酚A环氧乙烯基树脂为主成膜剂的乳液中,通过对乳液进行粒径、表面张力测试,结果表明:制备的乳液达到预期的要求。将乳液涂覆到玻璃纤维后,扫描电镜结果表明:浸润剂涂覆到了玻璃纤维表面上,且含1%改性硅烷偶联剂浸润剂比含0. 5%改性硅烷偶联剂浸润剂的涂覆厚度大。力学性能结果表明,浸润剂涂覆后,玻璃纤维的拉伸强度明显提高。     

乙丙橡胶接枝改性技术

综述了以苯乙烯、丙烯腈、马来酸酐、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、乙酸乙烯酯及硅烷偶联剂为接枝单体的乙丙橡胶接枝改性技术，包括溶液接枝法、熔融接枝法、直接溶胀接枝法以及近年来最新的电子束辐射接枝和热炼接枝等接枝方法。     

纳米锑掺杂氧化锡的表面改性研究

以乙醇与水的混合溶液作为改性介质,将纳米锑掺杂氧化锡(Antimony Doped Tin Oxide,ATO)分散于介质中,利用硅烷偶联剂KH-570与纳米ATO表面羟基的脱水反应以及硅烷偶联剂间的缩合反应,制得了KH-570包覆的纳米ATO粉体。通过FTIR、XPS、TG、TEM以及亲油性的测试对纳米ATO粉体的表面结构以及性能进行了表征,探讨了纳米ATO的与硅烷偶联剂的表面接枝情况以及硅烷偶联剂与纳米ATO在弱极性条件下的反应机理。研究结果表明：在ATO纳米粒子表面接枝上了一层约7.36-7.73wt%的KH570,改性后的纳米ATO粒子的亲油性能以及分散性得到大幅度的提高,改性ATO在正丁醇能够稳定分散100h以上。其根本原因在于改性后纳米ATO表面形成了一个网络结构硅烷偶联剂的包覆层,赋予纳米ATO粒子的表面良好的亲油性能以及分散性能。     

硅烷偶联剂的种类与结构对二氧化硅表面聚合物接枝改性的影响

在超细二氧化硅表面接枝聚合改性工艺的基础上,通过透射电子显微镜、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱等检测手段,并结合模型计算,研究了硅烷偶联剂(silane coupling agent)对超细二氧化硅表面聚合物接枝改性的影响及其机理。认为硅烷偶联荆KH570和KH858都是有效的预处理剂,硅烷偶联剂的种类对改性影响很大。由于KH570中含有的双键与羰基形成了离域II4^4键,使其双键结合力减弱;而在KH858中由于硅原子的供电子效应,使其双键结合力有所加强;使用KH570预处理的超细二氧化硅表面含有的聚合物更多,分散性更好。KH570更适合用作超细二氧化硅表面接枝聚合改性的预处理剂。     

聚四氟乙烯膜的表面改性研究

利用氩等离子体对聚四氟乙烯膜进行预处理，经与空气接触后接枝丙烯酸。用碘化钠法测定了膜表面过氧基团的浓度，探讨了等离子体处理时间、放电功率对膜表面过氧基团浓度的影响；过氧基团的浓度对接枝率的影响。利用红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱图鉴定了接枝产物，对改性后薄膜的表面亲水性进行了测试。     

氯化聚丙烯/丙烯酸酯接枝物的合成和性能研究

采用溶液法用混合单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）对氯化聚丙烯（CPP）进行接枝改性,制备出不同接枝率的改性CPP,并对接枝产物进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,探讨了改性CPP在PP底材上得附着性能。结果表明：改性CPP在PP板材上具有良好的附着力;随着接枝率的提高,改性CPP与丙烯酸树脂的相容性增强。     

辐照接枝丙烯酸改性聚砜超滤膜

采用液相共辐照技术在聚砜超滤膜上接枝丙烯膜，通过改变辐照剂量和丙烯酸单体浓度可以获得具有不同接枝率的改性聚砜膜。实验结果表明，随着接枝率的提高，改性聚砜抗蛋白质吸附污染的能力显著增强，并且认为接枝膜的亲水性提高是膜污染减轻的主要原因。     

Fouling control in a submerged membrane‐bioreactor by the membrane surface modification

To improve the antifouling characteristics, polypropylene microporous membranes (PPHFMMs) were surface‐modified by the sequential photoinduced graft polymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide. The grafting density and the grafting chain length, which played important roles in the antifouling characteristics, were controlled in the first and the second step, respectively. The ATR/FTIR results clearly indicated the successful modification on the membrane surface. The static water contact angle of the modified membrane reduced obviously with the increase of the grafting chain length. The contact angle of the acrylic acid modified membranes was lower than that of the acrylamide modified membrane with similar grafting chain length. The grafting chain length increased with the increase of UV irradiation time and monomer concentration. The grafting chain length of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) was lower than that of the polyacrylamide (PAAm) under the same polymerization conditions. Pure water flux for the modified membranes increased with the increase of grafting chain length, and had maximums. The antifouling characteristics of the modified membranes in a submerged membrane‐bioreactor (SMBR) were evaluated. The modified membranes showed better filtration performances in the SMBR than the unmodified membrane, and the acrylic acid grafted membrane presented better antifouling characteristics than acrylamide modified membranes. The results demonstrated that the surface carboxyl‐containing membranes were better than the surface amido‐containing membranes. The results of Pearson correlations demonstrated that the PAAc modified membranes with longer grafting chain length had higher flux recoveries, while the PAAm modified membranes with longer grafting chain length had lower flux recoveries. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

改性CPP的表征及其对PP附着性能的影响

采用混合单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和2-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)对氯化聚丙烯(CPP)进行接枝改性,制备了几种不同接枝率的改性CPP,并用红外光谱和热分析仪对其进行了表征,探讨了改性CPP在PP基材上的附着性能。结果表明:改性CPP在PP塑料上具有良好的附着力;随着接枝率的提高,改性CPP与丙烯酸树脂的相容性增强,其混合液在PP塑料上的附着力达到100%,可用来制备直接涂覆的PP涂料。     

丙烯酰胺接枝海藻酸纤维的耐碱性研究

采用等离子体处理接枝共聚的方法对海藻酸纤维表面接枝丙烯酰胺,以改善纤维的耐碱性,利用红外吸收光谱和扫描电镜对改性纤维进行表征;探讨了等离子体处理纤维的工艺条件,研究了改性纤维的吸湿性和力学性能。结果表明:海藻酸纤维表面已接枝上丙烯酰胺;等离子体处理和接枝反应最佳工艺条件为:放电功率100 W,放电时间4 min,丙烯酰胺质量分数40%,接枝时间60 min。改性后的纤维碱溶解率为0.23%,吸湿性没有显著变化,但断裂强度提高。     

乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷接枝SBS性能的研究

研究了乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷接枝SBS的反应。试验中采用红外光谱对纯化后的产物进行表征与分析;测试了接枝产物的粘接性能,讨论了温度、时间、引发剂含量和单体／SBS比值对剪切强度的影响,得出最佳改性配方;利用热重分析法测定了改性产物的热分解温度。实验表明:乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷单体能增强SBS对极性材料表面的粘接性能,同时改善了SBS的热稳定性。     

Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers onto modified cotton. IX. Hydrogen peroxide–thiourea dioxide redox system induced grafting of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine onto oxidized celluloses

Cotton cellulose was independently oxidized with potassium periodate, potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid, and potassium dichromate–oxalic acid, and the resulting oxidized celluloses were further modified by treatment with chlorous acid or sodium borohydride. The various modified celluloses so obtained were grafted with 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine using a thiourea–dioxide–H₂O₂ redox system. It was found that the initiation characteristics of the cellulose samples vary widely with the oxidizing agent used. Further modification of the oxidized celluloses by treating them with chlorous acid enhances considerably their susceptibility toward grafting. The opposite holds true when these oxidized celluloses were modified by sodium borohydride treatment. Excluding thiourea dioxide from the polymerization system offsets grafting onto cotton cellulose while considerable grafting takes place on the various oxidized celluloses and their further modified samples. The work was also extended to study the factors which affect the graft uptake, homopolymer formation, and total conversion. In addition, the reactions involved in initiation of grafting were elucidated.     

回收聚丙烯的亲水改性

利用回收聚丙烯固相接枝马来酸酐(MAH)、低温等离子体等,对聚丙烯进行亲水改性研究.以亲水性的MAH作为接枝单体,探讨了单体用量及引发荆用量等因素对固相接枝反应的影响.当乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)含量为3%时,接触角最低可降到69.6°;而等离子体可以进一步改善亲水性,使接触角最低速54.0°.     

A comparative study of grafting steps on the preparation and properties of modified nanosilica for UV-curable coatings

Nanosilica was modified and functionalized with acrylsilane by the “grafting to” method via different grafting steps, i.e., prepared-grafting step and step-wise propagation. The prepared-grafting step was achieved by grafting the nanosilica surface with the prepared acrylsilane, which was obtained by thiol-ene click reaction between 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The step-wise propagation was achieved by first grafting MPTMS onto the nanosilica surface and then using the mercapto groups as initiators to react with TMPTA. The acrylsilane was characterized by FTIR. The modified nanosilica was characterized by FTIR, TGA, and contact angle analysis. It was demonstrated that the thiol-ene click reaction can easily occur between MPTMS and TMPTA. The grafting ratio of modified nanosilica via prepared-grafting step was higher than that of step-wise propagation. The SEM images of fractured films containing modified nanosilica also indicated that the former is more effective than the latter in reducing the self-aggregation of nanosilica. The effects of modified nanosilica on the viscosity and hardness of UV-curable coatings were also investigated.     

Diffusion of water and alcohol in chemically modified polyurethane

Diffusion of methanol and water in polyurethane and polyurethane chemically modified by grafting different acrylic monomers was carried out. The absorption of these two molecules was found to vary with the nature and percentage grafting of the monomers. The possible use of chemically modified polyurethanes as membranes having high selectivity towards the interaction of alcohol and water is highlighted.