LNBR对NBR/PVC共混胶性能的影响

液体丁腈橡胶(LNBR)作为一种新型液体增塑剂及橡胶软化剂,因其与丁腈橡胶有着相似的分子结构,在起到增塑作用的同时,在胶料硫化过程中也可以参与共交联。本文在NBR/PVC共混过程及混炼过程的影响加入LNBR,初步研究其对共混物加工性能、硫化性能及成品物理机械性能、耐寒性能、耐油抽出性能的影响。试验结果证明LNBR能有效降低NBR/PVC共混胶的门尼粘度,改善其加工性能;提高了共混胶的压缩性能,同时发现LNBR的耐油抽出性能要高于酯类增塑剂。     

水滑石填充PVC复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用液态丁腈橡胶（LNBR）对水滑石（HT）进行表面包覆改性制备了LNBR/HT,并用其填充聚氯乙烯（PVC）制备了复合材料,采用红外光谱仪（FTIR）简支梁冲击试验机、万能试验机、氧指数测定仪、动态力学分析仪（DMA）、、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等仪器研究了LNBR对HT的改性方式和改性前后HT含量对复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能、动态力学性能及微观形貌的影响。结果表明,LNBR对HT的改性为物理改性,由于LNBR与PVC基体有良好的相容性,经LNBR改性的HT在PVC基体中的分散性得以改善,其与PVC基体的界面黏结作用增强;PVC/LNBR/HT复合材料较PVC/HT表现出优异的力学性能和阻燃性能;PVC/LNBR/HT复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度在LNBR/HT含量分别为5 份和10 份时分别达最大值,为29.8 MPa和17.7 kJ/m²;PVC/LNBR/HT复合材料的极限氧指数在LNBR/HT含量为40 份时达34.6 %;由于LNBR在复合材料体系中充当增容剂和增塑剂的双重作用,PVC/LNBR/HT复合材料的刚性增加,但耐热性出现小幅下降。     

氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶对丁腈橡胶与三元乙丙橡胶的相容改性作用

探讨氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶（CSM）、氯化聚乙烯橡胶和乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物作为相容剂对丁腈橡胶（NBR）/三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）并用胶的相容改性作用,并研究硫化体系对NBR/EPDM/CSM并用胶性能的影响。结果表明：CSM作为相容剂能改善NBR与EPDM的相容性,提高NBR/EPDM并用胶的物理性能;随着促进剂DPTT用量的增大,NBR/EPDM/CSM并用胶的物理性能提高;硫黄硫化体系与过氧化物硫化体系并用的NBR/EPDM/CSM并用胶的物理性能最佳;过氧化物硫化体系单用的NBR/EPDM/CSM并用胶的耐热老化性能最佳。     

丁腈橡胶/硼酸酯偶联剂改性纳米碳酸钙复合材料的性能

用硼酸酯偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性,研究了丁腈橡胶(NBR)硼/酸酯偶联剂改性纳米碳酸钙复合材料的性能。结果表明,使用硼酸酯偶联剂改性纳米碳酸钙填充NBR能提高硫化胶的物理机械性能,当硼酸酯偶联剂用量为4份、改性纳米碳酸钙用量为75份时,硫化胶的综合性能最好;与未改性纳米碳酸钙填充NBR相比,硼酸酯偶联剂改性纳米碳酸钙填充的NBR混炼胶和硫化胶的弹性模量较小,Payne效应减弱,而损耗因子却较大;用硼酸酯偶联剂改性纳米碳酸钙填充NBR,化学交联质量分数提高,无机粒子与橡胶基体之间的化学结合作用增强。     

相容剂对混炼型聚氨酯橡胶/丁腈橡胶共混胶性能的影响

以丙烯酸酯橡胶（ACM）和乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶（AEM）作为相容剂,研究其对混炼型聚氨酯橡胶（MPU）/丁腈橡胶（NBR）共混胶性能的影响。结果表明：在MPU/NBR共混胶中加入相容剂ACM和AEM,可以促进MPU与NBR的共硫化,使二者的硫化特性更加匹配,提高了共混胶的相容性、物理性能、耐热性能和耐热氧老化性能,相容剂AEM对共混胶的性能改善效果优于相容剂ACM;当相容剂AEM用量为20份时,共混胶的两相已完全相容。     

ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR的结构与性能

以甲基丙烯酸锌(ZDMA)/白炭黑填充氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR),研究ZDMA/白炭黑并用比、硫化剂DCP用量及硫化时间对HNBR硫化胶结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在填料总量不变的前提下,随着白炭黑用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶拉伸强度和压缩永久变形先减小后增大,填料分散性下降;随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶物理性能和动态性能提高,填料分散性变好。当ZDMA/白炭黑并用比为10/30、硫化剂DCP用量为5～6份、一段硫化条件为160℃×45min、二段硫化条件为150℃×(9～12)h时,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶综合性能较好。     

原位改性纳米氧化镁/顺丁橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

采用原位改性的方法制备了硅烷偶联剂Si 75 改性纳米氧化镁/顺丁橡胶复合材料,通过橡胶加工分析仪、扫描电镜等研究了其硫化特性、物理机械性能及动态力学性能。结果表明,当改性剂的用量为填料质量的3%时能有效提高纳米氧化镁/顺丁橡胶胶料的硫化速率和交联程度,且硫化胶的综合物理机械性能最好; 与未改性氧化镁填充的顺丁橡胶相比,改性氧化镁与橡胶之间的相互作用得到了增强,纳米氧化镁在橡胶中的分散性有了较大程度的改善,从而提高了改性纳米氧化镁/顺丁橡胶硫化胶的物理机械性能和损耗因子。     

氢化丁腈橡胶/丁腈橡胶耐热密封复合材料的性能研究

研究炭黑、白炭黑、碳酸钙和陶土对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）/丁腈橡胶（NBR）耐热密封复合材料的硫化特性、物理性能、耐热空气老化性能和耐油性能的影响。结果表明：白炭黑补强并用胶的耐热空气老化性能和耐油性能较好,但压缩永久变形大;陶土和碳酸钙补强并用胶的各项性能均较差;炭黑N220补强并用胶的物理性能较好,压缩永久变形小,更适合作为制备HNBR/NBR耐热密封材料的补强填料;炭黑N220和N330在并用胶中分散均匀,而炭黑N770分散不均匀,粒子聚集体较多。     

改性Kevlar纳米纤维对羧基丁腈橡胶/丁苯橡胶共混胶力学性能的影响

采用环氧氯丙烷对Kevlar纳米纤维（KNFs）表面进行改性,制备了表面改性KNFs（m-KNFs）,考察了m-KNFs对羧基丁腈橡胶（XNBR）/丁苯橡胶（SBR）共混胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,m-KNFs可以增强XNBR/SBR共混胶的拉伸性能及撕裂性能,提高硫化胶的热稳定性和耐溶剂性能。添加5份m-KNFs后,共混胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别提高102%和207%。     

白炭黑/硅烷体系对丁腈橡胶性能的影响

研究了白炭黑与Si-69体系对丁腈橡胶中白炭黑分散性、混炼胶的加工性能及硫化胶使用性能的影响。结果表明,丁腈橡胶中丙烯腈含量越高,其与白炭黑的相互作用越强,白炭黑在丁腈橡胶中的分散性越好。配合体系中加入偶联剂Si-69能提高白炭黑与丁腈橡胶间的相互作用,提高白炭黑在橡胶中的分散性。丁腈橡胶中加入白炭黑后,只要对硫化体系作适当调整,便不会延迟丁腈橡胶的硫化,但达到正硫化的时间会有所延长。白炭黑能够有效地改善硫化胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和定伸应力,同时有利于丁腈橡胶耐油性的提高。     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Ag2O-Doped Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox Superconductors Prepared via Melt-Quenching

Ag₂O-doped superconducting Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁Cu₂O _x ceramics were prepared by a melt-quenching–reheating method. It is found that the Ag₂O-doped, as-cast specimens exhibit superconductivity ( T _c= around 80 K) by heat treatment at temperatures around 800°C even in an evacuated and sealed silica glass tube, while the undoped specimens do not and vaporize by the corresponding heat treatment. Conversion of the Ag₂O-doped, as-cast specimens into superconducting ceramics when heated in an evacuated vessel is explained in terms of the oxygen donor of Ag₂O in the specimen. This finding enables us to fabricate a desired shape of superconducting Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁Cu₂O _x ceramics sealed in metals or glasses. The addition of Ag₂O to Bi₂Sr₂Ca₁Cu₂O _x melt, however, had deleterious influences on the superconducting properties ( T _c and J _c) of the resultant ceramics when obtained by heat treatment in air.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.