致密超细球形氧化铝制备性能良好的陶瓷超滤膜

热等离子体制备的超细球形氧化铝具有表面致密光滑、分散性好等特点，本工作以超细球形氧化铝为原料，通过浸渍提拉烧结法，制备了孔径分布窄、渗透通量高的陶瓷超滤膜，研究了烧结温度对陶瓷膜微孔结构的演化、孔径分布和渗透通量的影响。随后对1250℃下烧结的陶瓷膜进行了纳米硅水分散液过滤处理，采用不同堵塞模型分析了陶瓷膜过滤纳米硅水分散液的膜污染过程。结果表明，通过调节烧结温度调控陶瓷膜的微孔结构，当烧结温度为1250℃时，陶瓷膜的孔径分布较窄，孔径大小为25?65 nm，渗透通量为986.4 L/(m2?h)。超细球形氧化铝粒径分布较窄及表面致密光滑有助于1250℃下烧结形成均匀的烧结颈，提供了陶瓷膜较窄的孔径分布。对1250℃下烧结的陶瓷膜进行了纳米硅水分散液过滤处理后其浊度下降为0.231 NTU，浊度去除率达99.96%。采用不同堵塞模型分析了陶瓷膜过滤纳米硅水分散液的膜污染过程，结果表明，纳米硅水分散液的堵塞模型是滤饼过滤，属于可逆污染。     

Effect of molding pressure on structural and densification behavior of microwave-sintered ceramic tool material

The die-pressed Al₂O₃-based ceramic compacts for microwave sintering were prepared using uniaxial molding pressure. Effect of molding pressure on density distribution, microstructure, and mechanical properties of both green and sintered compacts were studied by simulation and experiments. The results suggested that the density distribution of green compact showed obvious stratification phenomenon as the pressure increased. High pressure could increase the density of green compact but led to large density variation. Cracks were formed within the sintered compact due to the severe stress concentration at high molding pressure. Better mechanical properties were obtained at the pressure of 200-300°MPa. The optimal mechanical properties of Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N) ceramic tool were obtained at 1550°C with the soaking time of 10 minutes, which were as high as that of conventional sintering, but the sintering period was sharply shortened.     

新型MAX相陶瓷Mo2Ga2C的放电等离子烧结

Mo2Ga2C是一种新型MAX相，该材料粉体已经可以被稳定的制备。但是Mo2Ga2C粉体不容易被烧结为致密的块体。本文采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)高温处理Mo2Ga2C粉体，通过对制备样品的物相组成和微观结构的表征，研究Mo2Ga2C的烧结性能。SPS烧结Mo2Ga2C 的最佳工艺参数为：烧结温度700℃，保温时间20min，轴向压力30MPa。在此条件下SPS烧结Mo2Ga2C样品相对密度达到71.81%。延长保温时间比升高烧结温度对Mo2Ga2C的致密化有更明显的助益；而增大轴向压力对样品的致密化产生负影响。相对于热压烧结，SPS可以在较低的温度快速制备Mo2Ga2C样品，但是制备的样品的致密度较低。     

柠檬酸凝胶法制备Mn-Ni-Fe基负温度系数热敏陶瓷

采用柠檬酸凝胶法制备锰-镍-铁基前驱体,在300℃煅烧干燥的前驱体得到纳米粒度粉末,压制成圆片坯体后在1100～1300℃烧结得到负温度系数(negative temperature coefficient,NTC)热敏陶瓷样品。研究了粉体和烧结样品的相结构、微观形貌、电性能和热敏特性。结果表明:合成粉体的纳米颗粒为单相Mn1/3Ni2/3Fe2O4尖晶石,粉体具有高化学均匀性。烧结的Mn1/3Ni2/3Fe2O4陶瓷样品具有均匀的微观结构,陶瓷样品的烧结密度和材料敏感指数β随着烧结温度的增加而增加。测量温度为50～150℃范围时,1300℃烧结的Mn1/3Ni2/3Fe2O4样品,其β可高达4300K。     

Influence of processing parameters on the densification and the microstructure of pure zinc oxide ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering

Due to the sensitivity of nanopowders and the challenges in controlling the grain size and the density during the sintering of ceramics, a systematic study was proposed to evaluate the densification and the microstructure of ZnO ceramics using spark plasma sintering technique. Commercially available ZnO powder was dried and sintered at various parameters (temperature (400–900?°C), pressure (250–850?MPa), atmosphere (Air/Vacuum) etc.). High pressure sintering is desirable for maintaining the nanostructure, though it brings a difficulty in obtaining a fully dense ceramic. Whereas, increasing the temperature from 600 to 900?°C results in fully densified ceramics of about 99% which shows to have big impact on the grain size. However, a high relative density of 92% is obtained at a temperature as low as 400?°C under a pressure of 850?MPa. The application of pressure during the holding time seems to lower the grain size as compared to ceramics pressed during initial stage (room temperature).     

Microstructure homogeneity control in spark plasma sintering of Al2O3 ceramics

Homogeneous microstructure control in the SPS (spark plasma sintering) sintered big size Al₂O₃ ceramic was realized by the synergy effect of grain boundary tailoring and proper pressure profile design. Two-step pressure profile itself did not show any efficient densification enhancement if no grain boundary modifier MgO added. The two-step pressure profile can effectively reduce average grain size and grain size difference over the sintered specimen, while MgO doping can reduce the average grain size in the whole sintered samples. Finally, a general strategy to overcome the intrinsic temperature gradient in SPS is suggested.     

Sintering behaviour and properties of zirconia ceramics prepared by pressureless sintering

Improvements in the sintering process and powder quality can lead to wider application of zirconia in ceramics. In this study, the effects of different temperatures on the stability, relative content of the tetragonal phase, and composition of Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ ceramic powders were explored using pressureless-assisted sintering. The crystallinity of the sintered Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ samples was significantly improved. The content of the tetragonal-phase ZrO₂ in sintered ceramic powders was 52.07%, 52.46%, 56.16%, 63.99%, and 64.90%, respectively, which was significantly higher than those of the raw materials. The average particle size of the sintered samples decreased from 1.07 μm to 0.17 μm with an increase in temperature, indicating that the ceramic powder particles were refined. The sample that was subjected to pressureless-assisted sintering at 1200 °C and held for 1 h exhibited the best stability and more uniform particle distribution compared to other samples. The particle size distribution data were closer to the standard line, satisfying the requirements of the normal distribution law. The results revealed that a high temperature was more favourable to the solid solution, and the formation of an Al₂O₃–ZrO₂ solid solution can diminish the influence of the volume expansion of ceramic powders on the sample properties during sintering. Therefore, the addition of the sintering aid Al₂O₃ significantly promotes the densification of the powders, and the pressureless sintering technique reduces the sintering temperature of the solid solution, thus imparting a crystalline structure and excellent mechanical properties to the material.     

纳米SiC陶瓷的超高压烧结研究(英文)

以纳米SiC为原料,用两面项压机在不同工艺条件下(1 000～1 300℃,4.0～4.5 GPa,15～35 min)实现了40(质量分数,下同)Al2O3烧结助剂添加的SiC陶瓷体的烧结.研究了烧结工艺对SiC陶瓷性能的影响.用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、显微硬度测试仪等对SiC高压烧结体进行了表征.结果表明:Al2O3是有效的低温烧结助剂,在超高压工艺下添加4%Al2O3即可实现SiC陶瓷全致密化烧结;烧结体晶粒长大得到抑制,维持在纳米级,晶格常数收缩了约0.45%;烧结体显微硬度和密度随烧结温度、烧结压力的升高或保温时间的延长而提高.     

Plastic deformation and effects of water in room‐temperature cold sintering of NaCl microwave dielectric ceramics

NaCl ceramics were prepared by room‐temperature cold sintering using moistened NaCl powder with 4 wt% water and dry pressing using dehydrated powder. When the applied uniaxial pressure is low, the relative density of dry‐pressed NaCl ceramic is significantly lower than that of cold‐sintered ceramic, while the former is 98.5%‐99.3% and much higher than the latter (94.3%‐94.6%) for high applied pressure of 200‐300 MPa. The uniaxial pressure‐induced plastic deformation dominates the densification of dry‐pressed NaCl ceramic, and also plays a role during cold sintering as well as the dissolution‐precipitation process. The lower density of cold‐sintered NaCl ceramic under high applied pressure is attributed to the trapped water in ceramic body during cold sintering. Besides, the presence of water always promotes the microstructural homogeneity, which is responsible for the much higher Qf value of cold‐sintered NaCl ceramic. The optimal microwave dielectric properties with ε_r = 5.55, Qf = 49 600 GHz, and τ_f = ?173 ppm/°C are obtained in cold‐sintered NaCl ceramic under the applied pressure of 300 MPa, indicating that it is a promising candidate as a microwave dielectric material.     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of nickel-zinc ferrite ceramics fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Dense nickel-zinc (NiZn) ferrite ceramics were successfully fabricated within tens of seconds via spark plasma sintering. The phase composition and microstructure of the sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The static magnetic properties at room temperature and Curie temperature of the samples were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results indicated that the main phase of the sintered samples was Ni_0.75Zn_0.25Fe₂O₄ with spinal structure, and the sintering temperature and heating rate observably affected the microstructure and density, then the magnetic properties of the sample. The Joule heat generated by NiZn ferrite during spark plasma sintering was very important for the rapid preparation of the sample with high density and small grain size. The low sintering temperature and heating rate would be helpful to obtain samples with small grain size, high density, and then good magnetic properties. The samples sintered at 900 °C with the heating rate of 5–10 °C/s were characterized of the relative density above 95%, 4πM_s value beyond 4000 Gs and coercivity below 27.7 Oe.