赤泥原料及其对吸附剂吸附性能的影响

赤泥的堆放会对环境造成污染,但其具有较高的吸附性能,因此研究制备赤泥吸附剂能达到以废治废的目的。实验分别采用平果和德保赤泥制备吸附剂,研究了赤泥原料及赤泥吸附剂的物相组成,采用除氟及除铜实验研究了赤泥产地及赤泥堆放时间对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。结果表明,以平果、德保赤泥制备的吸附剂,在焙烧温度500℃、焙烧2 h、溶液p H值为6的条件下,氟浓度可分别从19 mg/L降低到0.21、0.19 mg/L;铜浓度可分别从64 mg/L降低到0.32、0.51 mg/L。对氟的吸附容量均可达0.94 mg/g;对铜吸附容量分别可达3.18、3.17 mg/g;对氟、铜的去除率分别在99%、98%以上。     

改性赤泥颗粒吸附剂的性质及机理研究

采用焙烧法对赤泥进行活化处理,将其与粉煤灰、碳酸氢钠和膨润土按照质量比为16∶2∶1∶3制成改性赤泥颗粒,该改性赤泥颗粒破碎率与磨损率之和为0.2%。将其作为吸附剂,采用静态吸附试验方法研究了该改性赤泥颗粒吸附剂对模拟含磷废水除磷的一般规律,在磷的质量浓度为3~100 mg/L条件下,考察了反应时间、初始磷浓度、投加量等因素对改性赤泥颗粒吸附效果的影响,经过计算得出其饱和吸附量。结果表明,改性赤泥颗粒对磷的去除效果在反应8 h后趋于稳定,其最佳投加量为5 g/L,改性赤泥颗粒的饱和吸附量为56.2 mg/g。     

高分子壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土制备新型吸附剂

用一种阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土,制备一种新型有机膨润土吸附材料,考察了制备条件对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。通过正交实验获得影响阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物在膨润土上负载的主要因素,并进行了单因素实验,考察主要因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度、负载反应温度以及膨润土的活化温度是影响吸附剂吸附性能的主要因素。在以苯酚为目标吸附物时,当阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度为30g／L左右、膨润土的活化温度为240℃、负载反应温度为75℃时所制备的吸附剂的吸附性能最好,吸附剂的饱和吸附量可达到10．25mg／g（苯酚起始浓度为60ppm）,是未改性土的数十倍,可应用于低浓度含酚类废水的处理。     

负载Fe/Al/Na的不同吸附剂对焦化废水中有机污染物质吸附实验的研究

以木炭、活性炭、柚子皮为原料,分别通过研磨、负载Fe/Al/Na的改性处理制备了改性吸附剂,并使用该吸附剂对焦化废水进行静态吸附处理。实验结果表明,负载Fe/Al/Na于3种不同的吸附材料上,FeCl3改性活性炭对焦化废水中有机物的吸附效果最好,其对COD的吸附率高达73.98%。然后,进一步探讨了用FeCl3改性活性炭处理焦化废水中有机物的最佳吸附剂质量浓度以及最佳吸附时间。在吸附剂质量浓度为8g/L、吸附时间为3h的条件下,FeCl3改性后的活性炭对废水中有机物的吸附率高达90.24%、吸附量92.50mg/g。     

银、铈改性MIL-101脱硫吸附剂的制备与优化

利用银、铈双金属改性金属有机骨架MIL-101制备Ag-Ce/MIL-101吸附剂，并对Ag-Ce/MIL-101进行XRD、SEM、BET和ICP表征。考察了制备条件对Ag-Ce/MIL-101吸附苯并噻吩(BT)性能的影响。结果表明，Ag-Ce/MIL-101未破坏MIL-101的原始晶格结构，比表面积和孔容有所降低。适宜Ag-Ce/MIL-101的制备条件为：负载顺序为先银后铈，金属负载浓度均为40 mmol/L,金属溶液用量均为2 mL,负载温度为150℃,负载时间为9 h。在吸附剂质量为0.1 g、模拟油用量为20 mL、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为12 h时，Ag-Ce/MIL-101对BT的吸附量达到33.9 mg/g。     

赤泥吸附剂的制备及其对铜离子的吸附性能

以赤泥为原料,通过造粒、焙烧的方法制备赤泥吸附剂,探讨赤泥吸附剂对铜离子的吸附性能。研究了吸附时间、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、pH值、吸附剂投入量等对赤泥吸附剂除铜性能的影响。结果表明,赤泥经过造粒、焙烧后制备的吸附剂对铜离子具有很好的去除效果,铜离子的浓度可以从64.00 mg/L降低到0.22 mg/L,吸附剂对铜的吸附容量可达1.595 mg/g,对铜离子的吸附率达98%以上。     

污泥焚烧渣处理含Cu2+离子废水的模拟实验研究

研究了以城市生活污水处理厂的污泥焚烧渣作为吸附剂,处理含Cu2+离子废水的效果和影响因素。主要包括吸附剂和废水的不同吸附时间、溶液pH、吸附剂的质量浓度等因素对污泥焚烧渣吸附Cu2+离子效果的影响。实验结果表明,在θ=30℃下,焚烧渣对Cu2+离子的吸附在6h即可达到吸附平衡,最佳溶液pH为4.5～5.5,Cu2+离子去除率随吸附剂的质量浓度增大而增大,最佳ρ(吸附剂)为20～30g/L,适宜的ρ0(Cu2+)≤25mg/L。在最佳条件下,其η可达80%以上。     

改性山核桃外果皮炭对碱性染料的吸附特性研究

用磷酸活化山核桃外果皮制备的生物质炭吸附剂处理碱性染料废水,研究了该吸附剂对废水中孔雀石绿(MG)和亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能。结果表明,该吸附剂为高效的碱性有机染料吸附剂,当其投加量为1 g/L时,318 K条件下对初始质量浓度为300 mg/L的MG的去除率达99.20%,303 K条件下对初始质量浓度为200 mg/L的MB的去除率达98.48%;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程;等温吸附模型符合Langmuir方程。     

盐酸改性海泡石对含Ni~(2+)废水处理效果研究

以天然海泡石为原料,以盐酸为改性剂,制备了盐酸改性海泡石并用于含Ni2+废水的处理。以盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+吸附量为评价指标,考察了吸附时间、反应温度、p H和Ni2+初始质量浓度对实验结果的影响。实验发现,在一定条件下,盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附量随着吸附时间、温度、p H与Ni2+初始质量浓度的增加而增加。盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附与二级动力学方程(K2=0.627 7,Qe=2.59)和Langmuir等温吸附模型(Qmax=3.34,KL=0.022 6)能够较好拟合。对质量浓度为50 mg/L的含Ni2+废水,在25℃,p H为5,10 g/L盐酸改性海泡石投加量的条件下,所制备的盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的饱和吸附量为2.40 mg/g。考察了盐酸改性海泡石对ρ(Ni2+)为68.48 mg/L的某电镀生产废水的处理效果,其最佳实验θ为65℃,p H为6,t为30 min,投加量为30 g/L盐酸改性海泡石,此条件下Ni2+去除率为98.39%。     

微波活化赤泥对分散艳蓝E-4R的吸附去除研究

研究了赤泥对染料废水中分散艳蓝E-4R的吸附作用,结果表明,微波活化后赤泥具有良好的吸附效果,对分散艳蓝E-4R的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温方程。活化后赤泥对分散艳蓝E-4R的饱和吸附量为42.19mg/g,其中影响吸附效果的因素有赤泥投加量、温度和pH值。经过优化得到最佳条件:温度为40℃,pH值为3.0,赤泥投加量为15g/L。在最佳条件下,吸附时间为30min,活化赤泥第一次使用时对质量浓度为300g/L的分散艳蓝E-4R的脱色率、COD及TOC去除率分别达到99.07%、、64.08%和50%。经过3次使用后,赤泥对染料的吸附能力下降,经微波再生后吸附性能得到恢复。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。