基于腈纶厂废水的A/O-MBR工艺处理研究

针对目前腈纶厂废水净化处理技术的局限性,选用A/O-MBR工艺对腈纶厂废水迚行处理,通过缺氧-耗氧组合技术对腈纶厂废水迚行试验,同时分析了废水中的膜污染原因,通过温度、时间、pH等因素对COD及氨氮的去除效果迚行了比较。处理后水体可达标排放。     

耐污染超滤膜的研究进展及其在环境工程中的应用展望

本文在介绍超滤膜污染机理的基础上，从材料和成膜方法的角度对耐污染超滤膜的研究进展进行了总结，并对其在环境工程中的应用作了展望。     

聚氨酯铸膜液分相行为的调控及应用

利用二氧化硅对聚氨酯铸膜液在湿法相转化法下的分相成膜行为进行调控,并制备聚氨酯/二氧化硅复合超滤膜。采用扫描电子显微镜观察超滤膜的形貌,以及分离膜性能测试仪测试超滤膜的分离性能。结果表明:增加聚氨酯/二氧化硅复合超滤膜中二氧化硅的质量分数,超滤膜的水通量增加,截留率及超滤膜的孔隙率先增加后下降,二氧化硅的质量分数为15%时超滤膜的综合性能最佳。用超滤膜处理造纸工业中的麻杆蒸煮废液,结果发现:二氧化硅的质量分数为15%的聚氨酯超滤膜对废液处理效果最佳。     

我国腈纶废水生化法处理进展

对腈纶废水生化为主的处理工艺流程随时间推移的演变作了一个回顾、总结,对不同腈纶厂的处理工艺特点及其运行过程中出现的问题作了对比、归纳。纵观腈纶废水以生化为主导的处理技术的发展历程,无不随着环保工作者认识的深入、新的处理理论的提出以及新的环境问题的暴露而改变处理目标和针对对象。但迄今为止的方法都属于传统处理方法,不同物质和菌种之间的相互干扰问题没有得到根本解决。     

超滤膜法浓缩新型苏云金杆菌（Bt）杀虫剂

本文研究了用超滤膜方法浓缩新型苏云金杆菌杀虫剂，简称“新型Ｂｔ”，并对几种不同材料的超滤膜的污染程序 及污染后膜的最佳清洗方法作了初步实验。结果表明：采用Ｐ＝０．１５ＭＰａ，Ｐ＝０．０５ＭＰａ，操作条件效果比较好，反洗方法简单易行，能达到最佳清洗效果。     

超滤膜技术在环境工程水处理中的应用

在环境工程的建设过程中,水处理工作取得了长足的进步,其中超滤膜技术发挥着十分重要的作用。在水处理工作中,超滤膜技术具有良好的水污染处理效果,被广泛的应用在环境工程建设中。本文将对超滤膜技术的原理以及特点进行分析,探讨超滤膜技术在环境工程水处理中的应用,使超滤膜技术在环境工程水处理中的重要作用得以发挥,提高环境工程建设质量。     

关于内压式超滤膜在北方低温地区使用的研究

内压式超滤膜在中国北方地表水处理上的主要难题之一就是冬季低温水粘度大,造成超滤膜跨膜压差增加,这导致了超滤膜的药耗、能耗、自耗水的增加,减少了超滤膜的运行寿命。本文通过监测某水厂4.5万吨超滤膜项目冬季运行情况,针对内压式超滤膜在低温进水运行时所产生的问题,在生产运行方面做出了系统的描述和分析。最终通过调整超滤装置的运行负荷实现了冬季低温水处理期间超滤装置的稳定运行,并对北方低温地区超滤膜的选择与使用给出了建议。     

高分子聚电解质膜处理阴极电泳漆

本文研制了用于阴极电泳漆处理的HNA型复合超滤膜。测定了膜的荷电性和对金属离子的透过能力,观测了膜的结构。对数种阴极电泳漆进行了实验室阶段试验,生产性试验。结果表明,HNA型复合超滤膜处理阴极电泳漆具有产水量大、抗污染能力强和性能稳定等优点。本文还对超滤装置的最佳运行条件进行了试验。     

聚乙烯醇-醋酸纤维素共混超滤膜的制备与性能研究

用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、醋酸纤维素(CA)、冰醋酸、水为制膜原料,用相转化制备了PVA-CA共混超滤膜.在一定范围内研究了不同膜液组成对超滤膜性能的影响,得到了较佳的膜液配方.制备的PVA-CA共混超滤膜在操作压力0.30MPa下,处理质量浓度为1000mg/L的水油型模拟含油乳化液,其渗透速率约40L/(m2@h2),除油率可达90%以上,并且此超滤膜的耐水性和溶胀性均优于未改性的PVA超滤膜.     

非对称氧化铝陶瓷超滤膜的研制及性能测试

采用固体颗粒烧结法制作膜载体,溶胶-凝胶法制备α-Al2O3薄膜,制作了非对称氧化铝复合陶瓷超滤膜。密度为2.703g/cm3,孔隙率为23.51%。用铬黑T、甲基橙等作为探针分子,对制作的超滤膜孔径进行了测定,结果表明,本超滤膜截留相对分子质量在327～417,即膜孔径约为2nm。透水率为2000～3450mL/m2·h。     

UF,NF处理酵母废水可行性研究

采用ＵＦ或ＮＦ技术可以处理酵母生产中不同阶段高浓度有机物的废水，废水经ＵＦ膜处理可１００％回收酵母蛋白等成份，对色度浊度具有〉９０％的去除率，从浓缩液中回收的酵母蛋白等成份，经进一步浓缩干燥可作动物饲料添加剂，干燥物蛋白质含量〉３０％，膜透过液含有发酵过程所需的营养成分，可重新用于发酵生产用水。废水用ＮＦ膜处理对ＣＯＤ去除率〉９０％并接近或达到排放标准，对于直接从发酵液中经高速离心分离的酵母废水（     

超滤污水回用试验研究

采用超滤膜在污水处理厂进行了污水回用处理试验.实验结果表明,超滤具有良好的除浊功能和消毒作用.但是对溶解性物质如色度、TOC、UV254的去除效果不明显,通过混凝和粉末活性炭吸附预处理后可增加去除效率和渗透通量,反冲洗可提高渗透通量.     

Nano SiO2 and TiO2 embedded polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes: Improvement in flux and antifouling properties

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are widely used in drinking water and wastewater applications. These membranes are prone to fouling and membrane efficiency decreases with time under constant operation. Significant improvements/modifications are necessary to apply these polymers as sustainable membrane materials. In this study, PVDF and PAN UF membranes were modified through incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) namely SiO₂ and TiO₂. PVDF and PAN UF membranes were prepared by phase inversion method from polymer solutions having dispersed SiO₂ and TiO₂ NPs in it. Membrane surface hydrophilicity, charge, roughness, and morphology were studied. Equilibrium water content and molecular weight cut-off of the membranes were also measured. Addition of NPs increased membrane surface hydrophilicity, equilibrium water content, and surface potential. NPs modified membranes exhibited better membrane flux (35–79% higher) and antifouling properties (flux recovery ratio values 28–41% higher) than the virgin membranes.     

内外压式超滤组件在火电厂循环冷却排污水处理中的应用比较

分别选取一种内压式和一种外压式中空纤维超滤膜组件,从超滤膜材质、运行参数和出水水质等方面对这2种组件在火电厂循环冷却排污水反渗透预处理中的应用进行了中试规模的研究。结果表明:外压式组件在跨膜压差和膜通量上要优于外压式,而2种组件出水水质基本一致。因此,外压式膜组件更适合于火电厂循环冷却排污水反渗透预处理的工艺。     

浅谈超滤法处理钢铁企业冷轧厂乳化液废水

简述了超滤膜技术在冷轧厂含油及乳化液废水处理方面的典型应用.并详细论述了超滤膜工艺的特点、超滤膜材质、超滤膜配置、去除机理、超滤膜工艺的典型操作模式、超滤膜法处理含油废水及乳化液废水的优缺北点、以及其处理效果等.实践证明:采用超滤法处理冷轧厂含油废水及乳化液废水,能达到污水净化的目标.     

聚氯乙烯/聚丙烯腈共混超滤膜的研究 Ⅲ.制膜工艺条件对共混超滤膜结构与性能的影响

考察制膜工艺条件对于PVC/PAN 共混超滤膜结构与性能的影响,发现该影响与共混高聚物本身的相容性关系密切。虽然凝胶浴温提高都使膜的透水率提高而截留率下降,但相容性好可在截留率下降较小的情况下较大地提高透水率;利用少量NaCl 对凝胶浴的添加,也只有在相容性好时才能在不降低透水率的情况下有效改善截留率;蒸发时间的影响也因相容性不同而异,但延长蒸发时间并不可取。     

Hydrophilic modification of polyacrylonitrile membranes by oxyfluorination

The surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes was modified by oxyfluorination with various conditions to improve its wettability. The membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, structure, hydrophilicity, and membrane performance. The properties and functional groups on the surface of PAN membranes were investigated by contact angle, SEM, ATR-IR and XPS. And permeability of PAN membranes was compared by permeating pure water flux through membrane surface under 100, 150 and 200 kPa pressure. Oxyfluorination introduced oxygen contained functional groups such as the carboxylic acid groups that help increment of wettability on the surface of PAN membrane. Water flux of oxyfluorinated PAN UF membrane increased 20% at pure water permeation pressure 200 kPa compared to that of untreated PAN UF membrane.     

Membrane technology for advanced wastewater reclamation for sustainable agriculture production

Treated domestic secondary effluent is a valuable water source that can be reused for diverse purposes. However, in order to minimize health and environmental risks and to maintain adequate levels of sustainable agriculture production on a long range time scale, advanced treatment is required. Advanced effluent quality maintaining minimal risks can be primarily attained by implementing the membrane technology. Field experiments are in progress for secondary wastewater polishing for unrestricted reuse for sustainable agricultural production. The two stage membrane treatment system for the secondary effluent polishing consists of combining two main stages: ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane treatment. The UF stage is efficient in the removal of the organic matter and the pathogens while the RO provides the dissolved solids (salinity) removal. Effluent of various qualities is applied for irrigation along with continuous monitoring of the membrane components performance. The experimental data was obtained in the ongoing pilot studies carried out near the City of Arad (Israel) wastewater treatment system (the pilot plant performs in a feed and bleed operation mode). The results indicate the importance of maintaining high quality effluent for sustainable agriculture production. The management modeling gives an idea of the importance in maintaining adequate UF flushing policy in order to minimize expenses due to fouling.     

Threshold flux measurement of an ultrafiltration membrane module in the treatment of two-phase olive mill wastewater

The critical and threshold flux theories represent an important advance in membrane knowledge. Comprehension of the flux behavior of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes is key to control the fouling issues during the steady operation of the plant. In this regard, differing between critical or threshold flux patterns in the treatment of wastewater effluents by UF is relevant to confirm the level of fouling expected and to verify if no fouling is predictable or if certain amount of fouling cannot be avoided. In the present study, the hydrodynamic behavior of a polymeric UF membrane was analyzed by means of both critical and threshold flux theories and diverse patterns were found depending on the feedstock pollutants concentration and particle size distribution. Results obtained from the pressure-cycling experiments point for a threshold flux pattern in the case of UF of the effluent derived from the extraction process (OMW) disregarding the applied pretreatment, whereas for 1:1 (v/v) mixture of the latter with the wastewater from the fruit washing (OWW) the membrane fits a critical flux trend, indistinctly of the performed pretreatment too, with negligible fouling below the critical conditions. These conclusions are supported by the experimental permeate flux profiles during batch-run operation experiments.     

GAC—UF处理工艺生产优质饮用水的试验研究

本研究就活性炭吸附和超滤膜分离联用技术生产优质饮用水进行试验。试验结果表明、工艺流程自动化程度高、运行稳定、出水水质满足饮用净水标准（DB31／197－1997）的水质标准。PAN超滤膜及其工艺系统不仅能有效地去除细菌、浊度、对有机物也有较好的去除效果。本处理系统对铁的去除效果较好,但对锰的去除效果较差。