共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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离子液体及其功能化设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作为一种新型高效的绿色溶剂,离子液体具有优异的物理化学性质及其异于传统溶剂的特性,近来受到广泛关注.通过设计调整离子液体阴阳离子的结构,可以根据需要合成具有独特功能的离子液体.本文着重介绍了离子液体的概念、性质及其功能化设计方面的研究进展. 相似文献
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研究了功能化离子液体3-N,N,N-三甲铵基丙磺酸硫酸氢铵盐([TMPS]·[HSO4])催化柠檬酸和正丁醇反应合成柠檬酸三丁酯的新方法。结果表明,[TMPS]·[HSO4]具有很高的催化活性,n(C6H8O7):n(C4H9OH)=1:3.5时在125~130℃下反应3.0h,酯化率达到99﹪;反应结束后产物与催化体系分层,简化了分离过程;离子液体可以循环使用9次,催化活性无明显变化。与传统工艺相比,反应时间较短、反应温度较低、副反应少,且不使用有机溶剂作为带水剂。 相似文献
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Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) stabilized by 6 different phosphine‐functionalized ionic liquids (PFILs) were synthesized in imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) using H2(g) (4 bar) as a reductant. Characterization showed well‐dispersed particles of ∼3 nm (TEM) and confirmed the PFIL stabilization of the NPs (XPS). The PFILs were composed of an imidazolium functionality separated from the phosphine group by a propyl or undecyl chain. The counter anions for both FILs and IL solvents were chosen from N‐bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−), trifluoromethanesulfonate (TfO−) or hexafluorophosphate (PF6−). Colloidal suspensions of the Pd NPs were employed as biphasic hydrogenation catalysts for the reduction of the olefinic bond in styrene under mild conditions (50 °C, 4 bar H2(g), 1.5 h). The PFIL‐stabilized Pd NPs were effective hydrogenation catalysts and showed superior activity and recyclability over NPs synthesized in the absence of PFILs. Poisoning tests of the Pd NP catalysts and characterization of the electronic properties of the phosphine were also performed. 相似文献
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The dissolution of petroleum asphaltenes with ionic liquids is studied for the first time. The results show that the ionic liquids could be used as novel solvents for asphaltenes. The important parameters governing the ability of ionic liquids for dissolution of asphaltenes are discussed. It is found that, the ionic liquids based on the cations containing a conjugated aromatic core or the anions which are strong hydrogen bond acceptors are most effective, whereas the ionic liquids containing 'non coordinating' anions such as [BF4]^- and [PF6]^- are nonsolvents for asphaltenes. Increase in the effective anion charge density enhances the ability of ionic liquids to break the extensive asphaltene associations and thus enhances the solubility of asphaltenes in the ionic liquid. The dissolution ability of ionic liquid decreases apparently with increasing the substituted alkyl chain length of its cationic head ring. Temperature is found to play an important role on dissolution of asphaltenes, and the dissolution can be significantly imoroved bv microwave heatinz. 相似文献
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咪唑类离子液体及其在生物催化中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
咪唑类离子液体的合成,概括了离子液体中生物催化反应的特点,重点介绍咪唑类离子液体在蛋白酶催化的反应、脂肪酶催化的反应、氧化还原酶催化的反应以及其它酶催化的反应中的应用。 相似文献
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咪唑类离子液体及其催化有机重排反应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
离子液体作为一种新型绿色溶剂,具有许多独特的物理化学性质,近年来逐渐被人们所认知,并发现可用在许多重要领域。简单介绍离子液体的种类和特点,重点介绍在咪唑类离子液体中的Fries、Beckmann和Claisen重排反应。 相似文献
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概述了近几年离子液体在医药、食品添加剂、农药等精细化学品合成中的应用。离子液体表现出的主要优势在于:它无毒无害,对环境友好,可以替代有毒、腐蚀性的溶剂或催化剂;反应速度快,条件温和,收率高,选择性好,特别适合高纯产物的合成;中间体无需分离,多步合成操作过程可以连续进行,简化了合成工艺;产物易分离,离子液体/催化剂可循环使用;离子液相有机合成具有比固相合成担载量高的优势,适用于药物的组合化学合成中。设计合成高效、多功能、价廉、易降解的离子液体,将加速离子液体由基础研究到中试研究和工业应用的步伐,使之在精细化学品合成中带来更大的经济、环境效益。引文36篇。 相似文献
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A series of sulfonic acid‐functionalized (SO3H‐functionalized) ionic liquids was synthesized and used as metal‐free, highly selective and efficient catalysts for the direct amination of alcohols. Notably, the activities of the series of SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids were compared and a 92% isolated yield was obtained using 3‐tetradecyl‐1‐(butyl‐4‐ sulfonyl)imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([BsTdIM][OTf]) as the catalyst. Importantly, the catalytic system has wide substrate scope including benzylic, allyl, propargylic, aliphatic alcohols with sulfonamide, amide, carbamate, aromatic amine and N‐heterocyclic compounds. Interestingly, the system was also suitable for a multi‐gram scale direct amination of alcohols. Additionally, the reusable nature of [BsTdIM][OTf] makes this protocol more attractive and avoids the disposal and neutralization of acidic catalysts. Moreover, preliminary experiments indicated that this reaction should proceed via an SN1 pathway. 相似文献
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孙宏伟 《中国化学工程学报》2005,13(6):830-834
Ionic liquids (ILs) are green solvents that have attracted great attention in recent years due to their unique properties. In this paper the latest progresses in both the fundamental studies and applications of ILs have been summarized, with the emphasis on the topics of physical properties, catalytic reactions, and biochemical engineering. The critical problems in the applications of the ILs have been addresses, and the prospective of the ILs were finally predicted. 相似文献
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酸功能化离子液体催化合成马来酸二异辛酯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
合成了4种酸功能化离子液体,由IR、1HNMR对其结构进行了确证,并将其用于催化合成马来酸二异辛酯。结果表明,以离子液体[HSO3-pMIM]HSO4为催化剂,n(马来酸酐)∶n(异辛醇)=1∶2.2,马来酸酐0.1 mol,催化剂用量2.3 g,回流反应2.0 h条件下,马来酸酐酯化率达98.5%。且该离子液体与反应产物易于分离。反应后的离子液体[HSO3-pMIM]HSO4未经处理可重复使用7次,酯化率仍高于97.5%,第7次使用后用水萃取,其回收率为68.5%,补加至第一次用量再次进行实验,得酯化率为98.5%。 相似文献