建筑复合板材用阻燃组合聚醚的开发

通过对聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂及催化剂等的选择试验,开发了建筑复合板材用聚氨酯硬泡组合聚醚。它满足了复合板材对短脱模时间、高阻燃性及高泡沫强度的要求。该阻燃组合聚醚的发泡性能及泡沫产品的性能与进口的同类产品相当。     

建筑用聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

以聚醚多元醇,聚酯多元醇,多异氰酸酯PAPI,复合催化剂,发泡剂HCFC－141b等为原料,制备了用于建筑隔热板材的组合聚醚主性聚异氰脲酸酯（PIR）泡沫,该组合聚醚具有较好的贮存稳定性,泡沫制品的密度约38kg/m^3,压缩强度约222kPa ,拉伸强度约256kPa,导热系约0.019W/(m.K),阻燃性能符合GB8624 B2级,尺寸稳定性良,产品性能与国外同类产品相当,讨论了催化剂等因素对泡沫性能的影响,该产品主要用于建筑用夹心板材。     

难燃级硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

采用自行研制的聚酯多元醇、阻燃聚醚多元醇与添加型阻燃剂等助剂配制的组合聚醚,和多异氰酸酯进行反应,制得低发烟量、低脆性的难燃型聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。讨论了聚酯多元醇、阻燃聚醚多元醇、添加型阻燃剂、泡沫稳定剂、异氰酸酯指数及催化剂等对泡沫性能的影响。试验表明,泡沫成型密度为52 kg/m3,氧指数为32,导热系数为0.024 W/(m·K),烟密度(SDR)为45％,压缩强度为0.300 MPa。     

高密度阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研制

以聚醚多元醇、PAPI、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、阻燃剂、发泡剂和玻璃纤维等为原料 ,制得了一种高密度、高阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫结构材料。探讨了组合聚醚、发泡剂、泡沫稳定性、阻燃剂等的类型及用量对材料性能的影响 ,确定了材料的适宜配方。实验结果表明 ,2种阻燃剂复合使用 ,每 10 0g聚醚混合物加入 15g复合阻燃剂、7～ 9g发泡剂HCFC 14 1b、5 %玻璃纤维 ,制得的增强阻燃聚氨酯结构泡沫材料的性能为 :泡沫密度 30 0kg/m3 ,导热系数 0 .0 5W /(m·K) ,压缩强度 5 .4 8MPa ,吸水率 0 .16g/10 0cm2 ,氧指数 2 7～ 2 8,该材料的性能达到或超过了国外同类产品的水平。     

全水发泡阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的制备与性能

采用多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂等为原料制备了全水发泡阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫(PURF),讨论了聚醚多元醇种类、催化剂、发泡剂、异氰酸酯指数以及阻燃剂对PURF性能的影响。结果表明,聚酯多元醇能够改善泡孔结构,但降低压缩强度和尺寸稳定性;不同催化剂复配,可以控制发泡工艺;水发泡剂与泡沫的密度、泡孔结构、力学性能有关;异氰酸酯指数在1.1～1.2时,泡沫的压缩强度、尺寸稳定性等较好;三(2-氯异丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)可赋予PURF一定的阻燃性,但对泡体结构、压缩强度和尺寸稳定性有影响。     

复合保温板用聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃性能研究

探讨了氢氧化铝、三聚氰胺、DMMP、TCEP的阻燃机理及阻燃效果,并对几种阻燃剂进行了复配使用,同时对聚异氰脲酸酯指数对燃烧性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,DMMP的阻燃效果最好,当其用量为9份时,就能达到国家标准B2级。不同阻燃剂复合使用,其协同效应显著。在聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫中,随着异氰酸酯指数的升高,泡沫的阻燃性变好,当异氰酸酯指数为3．0时,泡沫的阻燃级别达到国家标准B2级。以混合聚醚多元醇70份、聚酯多元醇30份、异氰酸酯指数1．20、硅油稳定剂2份、复合催化剂1份、发泡剂HCFC—141b20份与水1份、复合阻燃剂12份等为基础配方,所得泡沫密度约为32k/m^3,压缩强度约170kPa,阻燃性能符合国家标准GB／T8624—97B2级,尺寸稳定性良好。     

助剂对全水发泡阻燃聚氨酯硬泡性能的影响

采用聚醚多元醇、多异氰酸酯、泡沫稳定剂、液态阻燃剂、催化剂和水制备了全水发泡阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,研究了水用量、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂及阻燃剂对聚氨酯硬泡性能的影响。结果表明,水用量影响聚氨酯硬泡的泡沫密度、压缩强度、尺寸稳定性、吸水率等性能;不同催化剂复配影响聚氨酯硬泡的泡孔结构;泡沫稳定剂影响泡孔均匀性和聚氨酯硬泡的导热性能;磷酸三乙酯(TEP)对硬泡阻燃性能的影响优于磷酸三氯丙酯(TCPP)和阻燃聚醚多元醇(F-7190)。随TEP用量的增加,聚氨酯硬泡的氧指数增大,压缩强度降低;随F-7190用量增加,聚氨酯硬泡的氧指数略有增大,压缩强度先增大后变小。     

无机复合阻燃剂及催化剂对PIR硬泡阻燃性能的影响

在聚酯多元醇中加入复合无机阻燃剂和复合催化剂,与多异氰酸酯反应制备硬质聚异氰脲酸酯(PIR)泡沫塑料。研究了无机阻燃剂和复合催化剂对泡沫的氧指数、尺寸稳定性等硬泡性能的影响。结果表明,当聚酯多元醇为100份,复合催化剂总量4.5份,且叔胺类催化剂与有机金属催化剂质量比为4∶1,复合阻燃剂总量20份,且Si O2与膨胀石墨质量比为1∶2,制得的PIR硬泡氧指数达到30%,导热系数0.019 W/(m·K),密度48 kg/m3,线性收缩率0.20%,压缩强度185 k Pa。     

4min快速脱模环戊烷型组合聚醚

开发了一种以聚醚多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、叔胺催化剂、环戊烷、水等原料配置的组合聚醚,可用于4 min快速脱模冰箱组合料的生产.讨论了聚醚多元醇、催化剂、泡沫稳定剂、环戊烷等对快速脱模的影响.结果表明,该组合聚醚贮存稳定性好,制得的的泡沫性能优良,能满足4 min快速脱模冰箱组合料的生产.     

新型聚酯多元醇改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的研制

以聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚合MDI、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂等为原料制备聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫，研究了聚酯多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂种类对聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫性能的影响。结果表明，采用高对位芳香环含量的泰络优聚酯多元醇(Terol 250M)制备的改性聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫阻燃性高，可达到国标GB 8624—2018规定的B1级阻燃；选用组合发泡剂HCFC-141b/HFC-245fa及优选的有机硅泡沫稳定剂，泡沫的导热系数低至0.019 W/(m·K)。     

用于环戊烷发泡的组合聚醚的开发

开发了一种能单独用于环戊烷发泡体系的聚醚多元醇ZS-8118,以ZS-8118、匀泡剂、叔胺催化剂、环戊烷、水等原料配制了硬泡组合聚醚。简单讨论了聚醚多元醇品种、匀泡剂及催化剂对发泡体系的影响。结果表明,该组合聚醚贮存稳定性好,制得的泡沫塑料性能优良,能满足冰箱、冷柜等产品的生产要求。     

喷涂缠绕保温管用全水发泡聚氨酯组合聚醚的研制

用聚醚多元醇A、聚醚二醇B、聚酯多元醇PS-2915、三乙醇胺、水和其他助剂制备了喷涂管道用全水发泡聚氨酯硬泡组合聚醚,并对其反应性能、黏度进行评价,对使用该组合聚醚和多异氰酸酯PM-200制得的聚氨酯泡沫材料的性能进行研究。结果表明,在合适的原料用量时,制得的组合聚醚黏度较低,与多异氰酸酯PM-200的反应速度满足喷涂管道生产工艺要求。当喷涂制得的聚氨酯泡沫单层厚度7 mm左右,泡沫体具有较高的粘接强度、较好的韧性和较低的导热系数,密度61 kg/m^3的泡沫压缩强度达到526 kPa。制得的喷涂管道产品满足GB/T 34611—2017要求。     

集装箱用组合聚醚的研制与应用

通过对组合聚醚中各种原料的筛选，选出性能互补的聚醚，配以合适的催化剂、泡沫稳定剂，调配出性能良好的集装箱用组合聚醚，其综合性能已达到了国外同类产品水平。     

间歇法夹心板聚氨酯泡沫芯气泡成因分析

从工艺方面分析了间歇法聚氨酯泡沫保温夹心板中泡沫表面与上层面材之间的气泡、泡沫内部孔洞、垫块附近气泡等各种泡孔形成的原因,提出了解决措施。     

Comparison of foam core sandwich panel and through‐thickness polymer pin–reinforced foam core sandwich panel subject to indentation and flatwise compression loadings

Through‐thickness polymer pin–reinforced foam core sandwich (FCS) panels are new type of composite sandwich structure as the foam core of this structure was reinforced with cylindrical polymer pins, which also rigidly connect the face sheets. These sandwich panels are made of glass fiber–reinforced polyester face sheets and closed‐cell polyurethane foam core with cylindrical polymer pins produced during fabrication process. The indentation and compression behavior of these sandwich panels were compared with common traditional sandwich panel, and it has been found that by reinforcing the foam core with cylindrical polymer pins, the indentation strength, energy absorption, and compression strength of the sandwich panels were improved significantly. The effect of diameter of polymer pins on indentation and compression behavior of both sandwich panels was studied and results showed that the diameter of polymer pins had a large influence on the compression and indentation behavior of through‐thickness polymer pin–reinforced FCS panel, and the effect of adding polymer pins to FCS panel on indentation behavior is similar to the effect of increasing the thickness of face sheet. The effect of strain rate on indentation behavior of FCS panel and through‐thickness polymer pin–reinforced FCS panel were studied, and results showed that both types of composite sandwich panels are strain rate dependent structure as by increasing strain rate, the indentation properties and energy absorption properties of these structures are increased. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:612–619, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

High-velocity impact loading in honeycomb sandwich panels reinforced with polymer foam: a numerical approach study

The employment of lightweight structures is one of the most important goals in various industries. The lightweight sandwich panel is an excellent energy absorber and also a perfect way for decreasing the risk of impact. In this paper, a numerical study of high-velocity impact on honeycomb sandwich panels reinforced with polymer foam was performed. The results of numerical simulation are compared with the experimental findings. The numerical modeling of high-velocity penetration process was carried out using nonlinear explicit finite-element code, LS-DYNA. The aluminum honeycomb structure, unfilled honeycomb sandwich panel, and the sandwich panels filled with three types of polyurethane foam (foam 1: 56.94, foam 2: 108.65, and foam 3: 137.13 kg/m³) were investigated to demonstrate damage modes, ballistic limit velocity, absorbed energy, and specific energy absorption (SEA) capacity. The numerical ballistic limit velocity of sandwich panels, filled with three types of foam, was more than that of a bare honeycomb core and unfilled sandwich panel. In addition, the numerical results showed that the sandwich panel filled with the highest density foam could increase the strength of sandwich panel and the numerical specific energy absorption of this structure was 23% more than that of unfilled. Finally, the numerical results were in good agreement with experimental findings.

     

冰箱用HFC—245fa组合聚醚的研制

ＨＦＣ－２４５ｆａ具有自氧消耗潜值为零等优点，是ＣＦＣ发泡剂较理想的替代品，通过合成聚醚多元醇ＨＢＬ－０６及对配方的优化试验，解决了ＨＦＣ－２４５ｆａ发泡的聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料导热系数高、表面发酥等难题，生产的组合聚醚Ｈ－Ｙ６１各项性能 达到或接近ＣＦＣ－１１型同类产品水平。     

三井化学公司新型聚醚多元醇的制备与应用

叙述磷腈类催化剂的合成方法及其在聚醚多元醇生产中的应用。重点介绍用该类催化剂生产的聚醚多元醇在聚氨酯软泡、硬泡、弹性体、防水涂料、水分散液、密封剂、硅改性聚醚密封剂、合成润滑油、非离子表面活性剂等领域中的应用,并与传统工艺生产的聚醚多元醇进行了比较。     

新型泡沫铝三明治板的弯曲性能

采用复合轧制方法制备界面为冶金结合的泡沫铝三明治. 通过对制备出的泡沫铝三明治进行三点抗弯实验验证界面的结合性和整体的抗弯性. 对载荷-位移曲线进行分析,讨论两种不同孔隙率的三明治板的变形行为,结果表明二者明显不同. 低孔隙率(58.81%)的三明治板的抗弯强度和弯曲弹性模量比高孔隙率(76.21%)的大,而高孔隙率的三明治板的断裂吸收能和断裂挠度比低孔隙率的大. 实验结果对今后泡沫铝三明治板的设计有实际指导意义.