共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
Lagos KG Filippatos TD Tsimihodimos V Gazi IF Rizos C Tselepis AD Mikhailidis DP Elisaf MS 《Lipids》2009,44(1):9-16
Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) usually have low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. We determined
the HDL distribution profile as well as the HDL-related lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (HDL-LpPLA2) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activities in subjects with MetS (n = 189) but otherwise healthy. Age and sex-matched individuals (n = 166) without MetS served as controls. The lower HDL-C concentration in MetS patients was due to a reduction in both large
and small HDL subclasses (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). As the number of MetS components increased, the HDL phenotype comprised of a greater percentage of
small HDL-3 and less large HDL-2 subclasses, resulting in a decreased HDL-2/HDL-3 ratio (P < 0.001 for all trends). Multivariate analysis revealed that HDL-2 levels and the HDL-2/HDL-3 ratio significantly and independently
correlated with HDL-C (positively) and TG (negatively) levels. HDL-3 concentration significantly and independently positively
correlated with HDL-C and TG levels. HDL-LpPLA2 activity was decreased in MetS patients (P < 0.01), a phenomenon that may contribute to the defective antiatherogenic activity of HDL in MetS. PON1 activity did not
differ between groups. We conclude that MetS, in addition to the decrease in HDL-C concentration, is associated with alterations
in the HDL phenotype, which is comprised of a greater percentage of small HDL subclasses. Furthermore, HDL-LpPLA2 activity is decreased in MetS patients. 相似文献
2.
Manouchehr Nakhjavani Omid Khalilzadeh Leila Khajeali Alireza Esteghamati Afsaneh Morteza Arsia Jamali Sheida Dadkhahipour 《Lipids》2010,45(4):321-327
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis and diabetes complications.
The aim of this study was first, to evaluate the association between ox-LDL and diabetes duration, and second, to examine
serum level of ox-LDL in patients with prolonged diabetes and a desirable LDL-cholesterol level. A total of 36 type-2 diabetic
patients with a diabetes duration of more than 5 years, 36 newly diagnosed diabetic patients, and 36 age-, sex- and BMI-matched
healthy participants were recruited. Healthy participants and newly diagnosed patients were not receiving any treatment. All
patients with prolonged diabetes had desirable LDL-cholesterol levels (<100 mg/dL), according to the adult treatment panel-III
guidelines. While LDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in patients with diabetes duration >5 years, in comparison to newly
diagnosed patients (P < 0.01), ox-LDL was significantly higher in patients with prolonged diabetes (P < 0.001). The ox-LDL-to-LDL ratio was dramatically higher in patients with diabetes duration >5 years in comparison to newly
diagnosed patients and healthy participants (P < 0.001). Ox-LDL was significantly associated with diabetes duration (r = 0.519, P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, this association remained significant (β = 0.501, P = 0.003) after adjustment for potential confounders. In conclusion, this study showed that the serum ox-LDL level increases
with the length of diabetes, even though the patients’ LDL-cholesterol level is maintained at a desirable level. Our findings
highlight that possibly more attention should be focused on markers of oxidative stress in the management of lipids in diabetic
patients. 相似文献
3.
Zhiying Zhang Elaine Lanza Penny M. Kris-Etherton Nancy H. Colburn Deborah Bagshaw Michael J. Rovine Jan S. Ulbrecht Gerd Bobe Robert S. Chapkin Terryl J. Hartman 《Lipids》2010,45(9):765-775
Clinical studies have shown that fiber consumption facilitates weight loss and improves lipid profiles; however, the beneficial
effects of high fermentable fiber low glycemic index (GI) diets under conditions of weight maintenance are unclear. In the
Legume Inflammation Feeding Experiment, a randomized controlled cross-over feeding study, 64 middle-aged men who had undergone
colonoscopies within the previous 2 years received both a healthy American (HA) diet (no legume consumption, fiber consumption = 9 g/1,000 kcal,
and GI = 69) and a legume enriched (1.5 servings/1,000 kcal), high fiber (21 g/1,000 kcal), low GI (GI = 38) diet (LG) in
random order. Diets were isocaloric and controlled for macronutrients including saturated fat; they were consumed each for
4 weeks with a 2–4 week break separating dietary treatments. Compared to the HA diet, the LG diet led to greater declines
in both fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Insulin-resistant (IR) subjects had greater reductions in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C;
P < 0.01), and triglycerides (TAG)/HDL-C (P = 0.02) after the LG diet, compared to the HA diet. Insulin-sensitive (IS) subjects had greater reductions in TC (P < 0.001), LDL-C (P < 0.01), TC/HDL-C (P < 0.01), and LDL-C/HDL-C (P = 0.02) after the LG diet, compared to the HA diet. In conclusion, a high legume, high fiber, low GI diet improves serum
lipid profiles in men, compared to a healthy American diet. However, IR individuals do not achieve the full benefits of the
same diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) lipid risk factors. 相似文献
4.
Yi-Chun Chen Yii-Der I. Chen Xiaohui Li Wendy Post David Herrington Joseph F. Polak Jerome I. Rotter Kent D. Taylor 《Lipids》2009,44(8):733-743
HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis. To investigate the contribution of the HMGCR gene to lipids and lipoprotein subfractions in different ethnicities, we performed an association study in the Multi-Ethnic
Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In total, 2,444 MESA subjects [597 African-Americans (AA), 627 Chinese-Americans (CHA), 612
European-Americans (EA), and 608 Hispanic-Americans (HA)] without statin use were included. Participants had measurements
of blood pressure, anthropometry, and fasting blood samples. Subjects were genotyped for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs). After excluding SNPs with minor allele frequency <5%, a single block was constructed. The most frequent haplotype
was H1 (41–56%) in all ethnic groups except AA (H2a, 44.9%). Lower triglyceride level was associated with the H2a haplotype
in AA and H2 in HA. In HA, H4 carriers had higher levels of triglyceride and small low-density lipoprotein (s-LDL), and lower
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), while carriers with H7 or H8 had associations with these traits in the opposite
direction. No significant association was discovered in both CHA and EA. The total variation for triglyceride that could be
explained by H2 alone was 2.6% in HA and 1.4% in AA. In conclusion, HMGCR gene variation is associated with multiple lipid/lipoprotein traits, especially with triglyceride, s-LDL, and HDL-c. The
impact of the genetic variance is modest and differs greatly among ethnicities. 相似文献
5.
Effects of policosanols and phytosterols on lipid levels and cholesterol biosynthesis in hamsters 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
The current study was carried out to examine the effects of policosanols and phytosterols, alone and in combination, on lipid
profiles, cholesterol biosynthesis, and tissue histopathological changes in hamsters. Fifty male Golden Syrian hamsters, weighing
100 to 120 g, were fed a regular rodent chow for 2 wk before being randomly assigned into 5 groups of 10 animals each fed
semisynthetic diets for 4 wk. Group 1 was given a control diet that contained 0.25% cholesterol and 5% fat with a PUFA to
saturated FA ratio of 0.4. Groups 2 to 5 were fed the control diet and given Octa-6 [a policosanol mixture from sugar cane
was, 25 mg/kg body weight (BW)], Ricewax (a policosanol mixture from rice wax with 50% being converted to the corresponding
acids, 50 mg/kg BW), phytosterols (CholestatinTM; 1,000 mg/kg BW), and Ricewax (50 mg/kg BW) plus phytosterols (1,000 mg/kg BW), respectively. The results showed that there
was no difference between Octa-6 and Ricewax treatments in any of the lipid parameters measured, and both had similar levels
of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-C), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) as the control. Octa-6 but not Ricewax increased
(P=0.03) non-HDL-C as compared with the control. Phytosterols reduced T-C (P<0.0003) and HDL-C (P<0.004) without a significant effect on TG and non-HDL-C as compared to the control. Ricewax plus phytosterols had effects
similar to those with phytosterols alone. Free cholesterol synthetic rates were not different among the treatments. Policosanols
or phytosterols did not show any toxic effects in liver, heart, brain, or kidney. Results suggest that, although phytosterols
reduce T-C and HDL-C levels, policosanols have no significant favorable effect in changing lipid levels in hamsters. 相似文献
6.
Sugar Cane Policosanols do not Reduce LDL Oxidation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sugar cane policosanols (SCP) have been shown to exert antioxidant properties in various studies conducted in Cuba. Independent
studies have since reported no significant effect of SCP consumption on oxidized LDL levels. The objective of the present
study was to confirm the effects of Cuban SCP on LDL oxidation using a high-precision capture ELISA procedure in hypercholesterolemic
individuals. Twenty-one otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic men and post-menopausal women participated in a randomized
double blind crossover study where they received 10 mg/day of policosanol or a placebo incorporated in margarine as an evening
snack for a period of 28 days. Subjects maintained their usual dietary and exercise habits throughout the duration of the
study. Blood was collected on the first as well as the last 2 days of the trial. LDL oxidation was measured from plasma using
a solid phase two-site enzyme immunoassay. A lack of effect of SCP was observed on LDL cholesterol levels, as well as no difference
in LDL oxidation between the SCP treatment and placebo at the end of the intervention period. Subject body weights remained
stable throughout the study and showed no significant correlation with LDL oxidation levels. Absolute levels of plasma LDL
cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with plasma concentrations of oxidized LDL. The findings of the present study suggest that SCP do not
significantly affect LDL oxidation. Our results align with results of recent policosanol research questioning the efficacy
of these natural extracts as cardio-protective agents. 相似文献
7.
This paper presents the results of a study whose aim was to test the effects of several doses of pectin and phytosterols on
the body weight gain and the FA content in emale guinea pigs. The treatments resulted from supplementing with pectin and plant
sterol a guinea pig diet (rich in saturated FA), following a 3×3 factorial design, with three levels of pectin (0,3.67 and
6.93%) and three levels of phytosterols (0, 1.37, and 2.45%). Seventy-two female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were randomly
assigned to the treatment groups (8 animals/group), the duration of the treatment being 4 wk. Pectin dietary intake led to
a significant increase in body weight (P<0.001), food consumption (P=0.025), and feed efficiency (P<0.001), but no influence of phytosterols on weight gain or food consumption was detected. We found a significant negative
effect of the addition of phytosterols on lauric, myristic, and palmitic acid concents in feces, and a positive effect on
their concentration in plasma and liver, but no significant effect on stearic acid content. Apparent FA absorption was assessed
by calculating the ratio of FA in feces and diets that the absorption of the different FA could be compared, and the negative
effect of phytosterol supplementation on these ratios, especially for lauric and myristic acids, was established. 相似文献
8.
Mei Yang Changsheng Liu Fenghong Huang Chang Zheng Qi Zhou 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2011,88(10):1633-1639
This study compared the oxidative stability of cold-pressed rapeseed oil (CPRO) and dehulled cold-pressed rapeseed oil (DCPRO)
in the dark at 60 °C and monitored the evolution of minor constituents (tocopherols, phytosterols, phenolics). The results
showed that dehulling significantly influenced the oxidative stability of the oils, the DCPRO was more easily oxidized. During
the autoxidation, the peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (p-AV) of the DCPRO ranged from 2.38 to 95.97 mequiv O2 kg−1 and from 1.20 to 30.75, whereas those of the CPRO ranged from 3.80 to 46.17 mequiv O2 kg−1and from 2.69 to 14.87, respectively. Dehulling affected the contents and the rates of decrease of tocopherols and phytosterols
of the cold-pressed oils, and the rates of decrease of tocopherols and phytosterols of the CPRO were lower than those of the
DCPRO (10% less, on average). The rancimat induction periods (IPs) were positively correlated with the concentrations of the
total tocopherols (For DCPRO, R
2 = 0.9622, For CPRO, R
2 = 0.8334). The total phenolics contents as determined by spectrophotometry first increased and then decreased. Tocopherols
and phytosterols had a greater effect on oxidative stability of the rapeseed oils during the first 30 days, and phenolics
had a greater effect in the 30–40 day period. 相似文献
9.
The Omega-3 Index, a measure of long-chain omega-3 fats in red blood cell membranes, predicts heart disease mortality in adults,
but its association with cardiovascular risk factors in younger populations is unknown. We determined the Omega-3 Index in
adolescents participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort, assessed associations with diet, lifestyle and
socioeconomic factors, and investigated independent associations with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Red blood
cell fatty acid analysis was determined for 1,301 adolescents aged 13–15 years. Risk factors examined were blood pressure,
fasting blood insulin and glucose concentrations, and fasting blood lipids including ratios. The mean Omega-3 Index was 4.90 ± 1.04%
(range 1.41–8.42%). When compared with categories identified in adults, 15.6% of adolescents were in the high risk category
(Index < 4%). Age (P < 0.01), maternal education (P < 0.01) and BMI (P = 0.05) were positively associated with the Omega-3 Index. The Index was positively associated with dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic
and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.01), protein (P < 0.01), omega-3 fats (P < 0.04), and food groups of fish and wholegrains (both P < 0.01), and negatively associated with intakes of soft drinks and crisps (both P < 0.01). In boys, the Omega-3 Index was independently associated with total (β = 0.06, P = 0.01) and HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.03, P = 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.68, P = 0.04). The predictability of the Index for the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life warrants further investigation
in the adolescent population. 相似文献
10.
Maria Luisa Forchielli Germana Bersani Sara Tala Gabriele Grossi Cristina Puggioli Massimo Masi 《Lipids》2010,45(1):63-71
Intravenous lipid constituents have different effects on various biological processes. Some of these effects are protective,
while others are potentially adverse. Phytosterols, in particular, seem to be implicated with parenteral nutrition-associated
cholestasis. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of plant and animal sterols present in lipid formulations derived
from different oil sources. To this end, animal (cholesterol) and plant (β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) sterols
in seven different commercially available intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) were quantified by capillary gas chromatography
after performing a lipid extraction procedure. The two major constituents of the lipid emulsions were cholesterol (range 14–57%
of total lipids) and β-sitosterol (range 24–55%), followed by campesterol (range 8–18%) and stigmasterol (range 5–16%). The
fish oil-derived formulation was an exception, as it contained only cholesterol. The mean values of the different sterols
were statistically different across ILEs (P = 0.0000). A large percentage of pairwise comparisons were also statistically significant (P = 0.000), most notably for cholesterol and stigmasterol (14 out of 21 for both), followed by campesterol (12 out 21) and
β-sitosterol (11 out 21). In conclusion, most ILEs combined significant amounts of phytosterols and cholesterol. However,
their phytosterols:cholesterol ratios were reversed compared to the normal human diet. 相似文献