Structural features and properties of composite and ultrathin fibres from melts of polymer mixtures

Kiev Technological Institute of Ligh Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 45–47, May–June, 1992.     

Equipment for coloring a melt of polycaproamide in bulk

Khimtekstil'mash NPO (Chernigov). Kiev Khimvolkokna PO. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 40–42, September–October, 1993.     

Industrial adoption of a novel practice of supplying textile warp thread

Conclusions 1. The technique of warping viscose textile yarn from cakes into beams and reels has been adopted.2. The economic efficiency of processing viscose textile yarn warped from cakes has been demonstrated.3. Favourable comments from consumers and the experience of the Kiev Combine justify recommending the technique of warping from cakes should be adopted by enterprises which produce man-made fibres.Kiev Combine. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 61–64, November–December, 1969.     

Bounds of the explosive weld region

Kiev. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 95–99, January–February, 1993.     

Equipment for the manufacture of anti-dust and sorptive-filtering respirators

Stend Kiev Experimental Plant. Tashkent Branch of the VNII for Protection of Labor. Kamensk Khimvolokno Production Association. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 57–60, July–August, 1993.     

The effect of the molecular weight of polycaprolactam on its fibre properties

Conclusions It is shown that an increase of the molecular weight of polycaprolactam to 30,000 greatly increases the strength of Capron fibre and changes its structural properties.All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres and Its Kiev Branch (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 6–7, September–October, 1969.     

Equipment for spinning ultrathin synthetic fibres

Conclusions The possibility has been demonstrated of preparing fundamentally new types of synthetic fibres through unique properties which are usable for the manufacture of goods for national demand, with high hygienic and comfort properties.Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 42–44, September–October, 1993.     

Numerical analysis of burnup of coke particles in dry air

A mathematical model, an algorithm, and a program have been proposed for the calculation of the burnup of individual coke particles in dry air. A numerical analysis is made of the effect of the model parameters on the burnup and thermal destruction of the particles.Institute of Problems of Energy Supplies, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 252070. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzyrva, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 33–42, March–April, 1994.     

How the limiting degree of strength of Capron threads depends on irregularities of the component fibres

Conclusions 1. We have studied how the diameter and birefringence of the oriented fibres composing standard Capron thread influence their strength.2. We found that the thread contains fibres with very high tenacities, which are obtained by stretching the finest initial fibres.Kiev Branch, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Man-Made Fibre (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volkna, No. 6, pp. 11–12, November–December, 1969.     

Preparation of integrally spun viscose sausage casings using radiation-modified cellulose

Conclusions The effect of precipitation bath parameters on the physicomechanical properties of integrally spun sausage casings prepared using radiation-modified cellulose has been studied.It has been found that the use of radiation-modified cellulose ensures the possibility of producing a high-quality product with a reduction of the consumption of carbon disulfide in xanthation to 10–15% based on wt. of -cellulose.Ukrainian NIIV (Kiev). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 47–49, May–June, 1993.     

Neck mechanism of failure of spinnability for a jet of melts of polymer blends

A new mechanism of failure of spinnability consisting of the formation of a region of local thinning and a neck in the jet was established for a jet of melts of polymer blends. The continuity of the jet can be preserved in the neck as a result of strengthening of the material with definite failure of spinnability due to the successive formation of a multitude of necks.State Academy of Light Industry of Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 29–33, November–December, 1995.     

Enhancing the purification of cold water

Conclusions 1. The use of 0.40 mg/liter PAA enables clarification and decolouration of water to be enhanced during winter and clarified water of the required quality to be obtained.2. The increase of 1.9% in the cost of reagents when PAA is used is negligible compared with the effect obtained.Kiev Combine. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 73–74, March–April, 1969.     

Determination of low-molecular-weight compounds in polycaproamide

Conclusions 1. It has been shown that discrepancies of 6–60% are observed in the results obtained by different factories for the determination of lmc in polyamide chips, depending on the conditions under which the analysis is carried out.2. To standardise the method for determination of lmc in polyamide chips a method is proposed based on the strict selection of chip specimens of a definite size, extraction of the lmc with hot water and determination of the concentration of lmc in the filtrate using the ITR-2 interferometer.Kiev Branch of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, 67–69, March–April, 1969.     

Textile processing of continuous basalt fibre coated with polyvinyl acetate emulsion

The possibility of textile processing of continuous basalt fibre treated with a polyvinyl acetate emulsion was investigated. The optimum concentration of the solution was determined. The strength characteristics of continuous basalt fibres were investigated as a function of the concentration of polyvinyl acetate in the emulsion used to impregnate the fibres. The optimum drying temperature was determined.Scientific-Research Laboratory of Basalt Fibres, Kiev. All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibres, Mytishchi. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 52–53, November–December, 1992.     

A pulsed gas-solid jet flow

A model is proposed for the long-range directional dispersal of a powder as a pulsed jet, which is based on differential equations, which are solved by analytic and rumerical methods. Detailed consideration of the processes and the measurements gives conclusions on the advantages of explosive projection of fire-extinguishing powders.I. N. Frantsevich Materials Science Institute, 252680 Kiev. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 69–75, May–June, 1994.     

Early soot formation stages in low-pressure diffusional counterflow hydrocarbon flames

Early soot formation stages were investigated in low-pressure counterflow hydrocarbon flames. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of aggregates and discrete spherical soot particles. It is proposed that the formation of the physical surface is preceded by the emergence of a skeleton structure consisting of carbon molecule chains as a result of their polarizing and dipole interaction with the charged soot nuclei.Kiev. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 97–100, May–June, 1993.     

Spinnability of melts of three-component polymer blends

It was found that incorporation of a third component — LDPE — in the starting two-component blend is an effective method of regulating the spinnability of melts of dispersions and decreasing the effect of superadditive jet spread. The decrease in the degree of jet spread with an increase in the concentration of LDPE is due to accumulation of undeformed particles of disperse phase, formed as a result of destruction of maximally deformed particles of LDPE in the inlet zone and capillary of the spinneret, in the dispersion coming out of the spinneret hole.State Academy of Light Industry of Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 25–28, November–December, 1995.     

Removal of lubricants from effluents from Capron production

Conclusions 1. The composition of water obtained after removing lubricant by the aluminate method and further softening scarcely differs at all from that of softened water and can be re-used in industry.2. The flowsheet described enables a closed purification cycle to be built and finishing waste waters to be used; it enables the water consumption for fibre washing to be reduced, the discharge of toxic caprolactam to reservoirs to be discontinued and caprolactam to be recycled.Kiev Combine. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 76–78, July–August, 1969.     

The effect of twist on the composite strengthening of complex yarns from rigid-chain polymers

Conclusions -- The effect of polyurethane semicarbazide impregnation and twist on the strength of complex yarns of Armos, SVM, and Terlon has been investigated. A significant increase in strength of these yarns because of the joint action of the indicated factors has been found.-- The opinion is expressed that the additional composite strengthening from impregnation of the twisted complex yarn with a binder is obtained as a result of a change in the character of failure of the elementary filaments in the direction of multiple breakages.Kiev Branch of the VNIIPV. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 22–24, May–June, 1992.     

Study of a coagulation bath as a dispersed system

Conclusions 1. The authors have experimentally confirmed the presence of colloidal particles in the coagulation bath.2. The approximate fractional composition of the solid phase of the coagulation bath of plant for manufacture of viscose centrifuged thread has been calculated. It is shown that 80% of the solid phase consists of particles smaller than 10 µ the content of colloidal particles reaches 50%.3. A change in temperature in the range 20–50°C has virtually no effect on the dispersed composition of the coagulation bath.Kiev Combine; KTILP. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 26–28, September–October, 1969.