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<正> 酚类化合物是芳香族化合物的含氧衍生物。按照苯环上所含羟基数目的多少,可分为单元酚、二元酚和多元酚。单元酚有苯酚、甲苯酚、二甲苯酚、氯苯酚、硝基苯酚等,二元酚有邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、对苯二酚等,多元酚有1、2、3苯三酚, 1、2、4苯三酚等。农药生产过程中,常用的酚为单元苯酚和对硝基酚。在十多种农药品 相似文献
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选取牛奶蛋白纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维和海藻纤维3种功能纤维,分别植入卷烟滤嘴轴心位置制得中线滤棒并应用到卷烟中;分析了3种纤维的比表面积、微观形态和表面官能团;研究了3种纤维对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的吸附效果,并进行了感官质量评价。结果表明:3种纤维的比表面积、微观结构和表面官能团有较大差异,海藻纤维具有较大的比表面积和沟槽结构,且酸性官能团较多显酸性,可以有效对卷烟主流烟气进行物理吸附;海藻纤维可以有效降低卷烟主流烟气中的苯酚和N-亚硝胺含量,降幅分别为49.4%和28.4%;海藻纤维应用到卷烟滤嘴中,可以与卷烟香气保持谐调,降低刺激性,改善卷烟的抽吸品质,可以作为降低主流烟气成分释放量的滤嘴用新材料。 相似文献
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本文介绍了直接水解法合成间甲酚、间苯二酚、间氨基苯酚、对苯二酚和甲萘酚的机理,对这几个重要酚类化合物直接水解合成新工艺及研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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制备了4种不同三醋酸甘油酯添加量的纸质滤棒及相应的实验卷烟,并对其烟气常规化学指标、苯酚释放量进行了分析评价。结果表明:①三醋酸甘油酯的用量在8.0%~12.0%时,卷烟主流烟气中总粒相物、焦油、烟碱、一氧化碳等常规指标变化不大;②苯酚的释放量随着三醋酸甘油酯用量的增加逐渐降低,单位焦油苯酚释放量的降低率随着三醋酸甘油酯添加量的增加而增加,其最大降低率为34.59%;③三醋酸甘油酯添加量为12%时,纸质滤棒卷烟主流烟气中苯酚释放量较低。 相似文献
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为降低卷烟烟气中有害成分低分子醛酮化合物的含量和研究X型分子筛在卷烟减害中的应用,将13X型分子筛添加到卷烟嘴棒中,分析其对主流烟气中八种低分子醛酮化合物含量的影响。结果显示13X分子筛对低分子醛酮有明显的脱除作用。通过进一步研究13X分子筛对烟气中苯酚和苯并(α)芘的吸附作用,揭示了13X分子筛对低分子醛酮的选择性吸附与其因表面静电引力优先吸附极性物质的特性以及低分子醛酮的低熔沸点密切相关。烟气三项指标分析表明,13X分子筛对烟气中的焦油和烟碱含量影响不大,这有利于保持卷烟的香气。 相似文献
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采用饱和水溶液法制备荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物,并用紫外可见分光光度法、X-射线衍射对包合物进行表征。研究了β-CD和荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物吸附溶液中苯酚的性能。此外,还将β-CD以及荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物作为添加剂添加到卷烟滤嘴中,研究其对卷烟主流烟气中苯酚的影响。结果表明,β-CD和荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物吸附溶液中苯酚的动力学模型都是准二级动力学模型。当添加剂用量为30mg时,β-CD以及荆芥挥发油-β-CD包合物对卷烟主流烟气中苯酚的降低率分别为74.01%和88.9%。此外,添加剂还可以有效降低卷烟主流烟气中总粒相物的含量。 相似文献
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测定了均相体系中过氧化氢氧化苯酚反应产物的初始生成速率。经动力学分析验证了其反应机理主要是自由基机理,并确定了其中的控制步骤,得到了实验条件下的邻/对苯二酚的初始生成速率方程.从实验结果及所得到的速率方程可知,邻/对苯二酚初始生成速率与各反应物的初始浓度成正比关系,且邻苯二酚初始生成速率是对苯二酚初始生成速率的2倍。 相似文献
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过氧化物氧化法制取邻苯二酚与对苯二酚 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
游贤德 《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2003,1(2):33-35
概述邻苯二酚、对苯二酚的市场前景、生产方法。着重介绍用过氧化氢和过氧化羧酸作羟基化剂 ,使苯酚羟基化生成邻苯二酚和对苯二酚的研究开发进展。 相似文献
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Mild pyrolysis and hydrogenolysis products of coal contain substantial amounts of pyrocatechol and resorcinol and their homologues whereas hydroquinone and its homologues are absent or present in only low amounts. In the present work the model compounds anisole and methyl-, methoxy- or hydroxy-substituted anisoles were studied to elucidate substituent effects on the carbon—oxygen bond cleavage in the presence of tetralin. The experiments were carried out at 618 K and 6 MPa (H2). The major reaction is demethylation to the corresponding phenols. A steric effect can be seen in the ortho compounds and an electronic effect when the substituent is a strongly electron-releasing group. In compounds with oxygen substituents para to each other little or no hydroquinone can be isolated whereas the ortho and meta compounds, respectively, give pyrocatechol and resorcinol. It is suggested that the low yield or absence of hydroquinone in this work and in coal pyrolysis is due to the high reactivity of the intermediate p-hydroxyphenoxy radical, which gives rise to adducts and other compounds of high molar mass. The ortho radical is sterically hindered and the meta radical has a lower reactivity and are hence abstracting hydrogen from the hydrogen donor or coal. 相似文献
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苯酚催化氧化制苯二酚 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用正交试验的方法,研究了在无机盐催化剂作用下苯酚双氧水直接氧化制取邻、对苯二酚的合成技术。通过极差分析和方差分析,找出了影响苯二酚选择性、苯酚转化率和邻/对比的主次因素及影响程度,从而得出较佳的反应条件:苯酚质量分数0 1,苯酚/双氧水的摩尔配比2,反应温度40℃,反应时间20min,pH2。在此操作条件下,苯二酚总选择性78%左右,邻/对比为1.45左右,为进一步的深入研究提供了依据。 相似文献
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The unperturbed dimensions and thermodynamic parameters of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) were studied in aqueous solutions in the presence of certain phenolic cosolutes (phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol). The intrinsic viscosities at 25°C and the θ temperature, linear and thermodynamic expansions, and root mean square end to end distances were evaluated for the system that was employed. The sequence was obtained due to the effectiveness of the cosolutes in the order of phloroglucinol > resorcinol > hydroquinone > catechol > phenol. The effects of these cosolutes on the main thermodynamic parameters were reported to be due to the number and position of hydroxyl groups present. The thermodynamic interaction parameter was also evaluated and the enthalpic and entropic contributions were verified. The condition required for the θ temperature to correspond to a Flory interaction parameter of 0.5 was well provided, yielding a θ temperature of almost 0.5 for the system under study. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 473–477, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10047 相似文献
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Anodic substitution of chlorobenzene in CF3COOH/0.2-0.4M CF3COONa leads to 94% product yield of trifluoroacetates (at 70% c.e.). Prolonged electrolysis yields 72% of disubstituted derivatives (at 61% c.e.). By hydrolysis of the trifluoroacetates the corresponding phenol, resorcinol, and pyrocatechol derivatives can easily be obtained. 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法测定染发剂中对苯二胺及某些酚类物质的含量 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文采用了高效液相色谱法测定染发剂中对苯二胺、邻氨基酚、对苯二酚及间苯二酚。该法简便快速 ,检测下限分别为 0 .0 89、0 .2 5、0 .0 0 19和 0 .0 0 33毫克 /克 ,具有良好的精密度和准确度 相似文献
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Reaction byproducts from degradation of aqueous phenol by contact of gas d.c. corona discharge with treated water were analyzed by liquid chromatography. According to the retention time, three byproducts, pyrocatechol, hydroquinone, 1,4‐benzoquinone, were identified. Also, acetic acid was detected as a final relatively stable byproduct by gas chromatography. A simple reaction model in which relevant elementary reactions are assumed to be first order was proposed to correlate the practical behavior of degradation processes. 相似文献