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通过XRD和红外光谱分析对机械活化的磷矿进行结构相变和官能团的改变进行分析,改变高能行星式球磨机的球磨时间和球磨方式(干磨和湿磨)得出不同条件下的磷矿粉中有效磷和水溶性磷的浸出率.结果表明磷矿粉经机械活化后,磷灰石产生晶粒细化、结构缺陷及生成新的低结晶度的相,可溶磷含量提高到61.6%.根据实验数据推论出机械活化的固相反应动力学模型,发现在反应前期为扩散阶段,后期为界面反应阶段,计算出反应速率常数k,发现k并非一成不变,反应过程中在变化. 相似文献
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采用动态吸附法研究三聚磷酸二氢铝吸附Pb2+的动力学行为并进行吸附活化状态热力学参数分析。结果表明:当三聚磷酸二氢铝粒径小于150μm,搅拌转速大于200 r/min,Pb2+的初始质量浓度为500 mg/L时,三聚磷酸二氢铝对Pb2+的化学吸附反应符合二级反应动力学方程,吸附速率常数k与温度T之间的关系符合Arrhenius公式,吸附活化能Ea=29.34 kJ/mol,吸附频率因子A=62.25 L/(mg.min),ln(k/T)与1/T之间的关系符合Eyring公式,其活化焓ΔH=27.31 kJ/mol,活化熵ΔS=-217.55 J/(mol.K)。 相似文献
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《高科技纤维与应用》2016,(1)
沥青纤维在不熔化过程中,同时伴着氧的增加和脱除,含氧量的变化又会体现在沥青纤维的增重及失重上。使用热重分析仪(TG)研究沥青纤维在空气中的热氧化行为,考察了从120℃升温到410℃的质量变化,以及分别在230和290℃恒温过程中的质量变化。将氧化过程中含氧官能团的生成和脱除视为同时发生的两个连串反应,用连串反应动力学模拟计算了氧化过程中的纤维重量变化并计算了反应速率常数。结果表明:氧化和脱氧反应均为一级反应,用连串反应可以很好地拟合沥青纤维的氧化增重过程。用恒速升温的非等温动力学可以分别计算出氧化反应和脱氧反应的频率因子和活化能,并据此可以计算不同温度下两种反应的表观速率常数随温度的变化。低温时氧化反应速率常数k1明显大于脱氧反应速率常数k2,随着温度的升高,k1和k2均增大,但k2增加的速率k1,达到290℃时k1和k2相等,290℃后k2k1,与实验结果先增重后失重相吻合。同样用连串反应动力学模拟了恒温过程中纤维的质量变化,也具有很好的拟合度,但所得到的反应速率常数k1和k2与恒速升温反应相比明显要小,并对其原因进行了分析。 相似文献
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试验利用紫外分光光度计研究不同温度下,水泥对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附现象,建立Langmuir吸附动力学模型进行动力学曲线拟合出对应温度下最大吸附量和各级动力学速率常数、相关系数:Q0=6.25mg/g,7.44gmg/g,8.06mg/g,一级动力学k1=0.0127,0.0167,0.0121,k2=0.0134,0.0240,0.0495。试验表明聚羧酸减水剂(PC)随着温度升高,拟合吸附速率常数相关性越差,表明吸附不是单一的Langmuir吸附。 相似文献
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以六水氯化镁和尿素为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备出碱式碳酸镁纳米花。在不同干燥介质温度和不同物料床层厚度下,得到碱式碳酸镁纳米花的干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。采用热分析动力学技术对干燥动力学实验数据进行处理后,得到碱式碳酸镁纳米花的干燥微分机理函数为f(1-MR)=6MR2/3(1-MR1/3)1/2,干燥积分机理函数为g(1-MR)=(1-MR1/3)1/2,干燥方程为MR=〔1-(kt)2〕3,干燥速率方程为-dMR/dt=6k2tMR2/3,干燥速率常数为k=Aexp〔-Ev(1+CLL)RT〕;指前因子A=4.0725min-1,界面蒸发活化能Ev=16.9334kJ/mol,经验常数CL=30.3135m-1。 相似文献
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用DSC-TG研究了TATB的热分解过程。根据升温速率分别为5、10、15、20K/min的DSC和TG-DTG曲线计算了分解反应的活化能(E)、指前因子(A)和120℃时的速率常数(k120),并计算了升温速率为5K/min时,TATB分解峰值温度时的分解反应活化焓、活化熵和活化自由能,用小容量测试法研究了TATB在1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐/二甲基亚砜([Emim]Ac/DMSO)溶剂中的热爆炸特性。结果表明,采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算得到TATB分解反应的活化能分别为212.1和212.0kJ/mol,采用Rogers公式和Arrhenius公式计算得到A和k120值分别为5.87×1016s-1和3.87×10-12s-1;升温速率为5K/min条件下,TATB分解峰值温度时的分解反应活化焓、活化熵和活化自由能分别为206kJ/mol、61.42J/(K·mol)和167.39kJ/mol,TATB粉末的临界爆炸温度为336.6℃;TATB在[Emim]Ac/DMSO溶剂中不爆炸。 相似文献
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吡啶为助剂合成甲酸甲酯的动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在60~90℃对以吡啶为助催化剂由一氧化碳合成甲酸甲酯的反应进行了动力学研究。结果表明该反应为2级反应,速率方程rυ=-dpco/dt=k[MOH]pco,无助催化剂时反应活化能Ea=67.63kJ/mol,反应速率常数k=9.66×106exp(-67.63×103/RT)(mol-1·L·min-1);当有助催化剂存在时,反应活化能为Ea=61.19kJ/mol,反应速率常数k=8.82×106exp(-61.19×103/RT)(mol-1·L·min-1)。并对助催化剂吡啶的助催化机理进行了探讨。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows 相似文献