智能型高分子膜的制备及应用研究进展

膜材料的智能化是当今分离材料领域发展的一个新方向。讨论了环境响应型智能膜材料的分类、制备方法及其环境响应特性等,分析了智能膜的应用现状及其应用前景,并展望了智能膜技术今后的研究和发展方向。     

ATRP法制备环境响应型智能膜材料的研究进展

聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）（PNIPAM）作为一种常见的智能材料,同时具有温度响应特性和乙醇浓度响应特性。本文以PNIPAM聚合物为主线,着重介绍了利用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）法制备温度响应型、温度及pH值双重响应型、乙醇浓度响应型智能膜材料的研究成果。其中,温度响应型智能膜主要介绍PNIPAM均聚物接枝膜;温度及pH值双重响应型智能膜主要介绍PNIPAM与pH值响应型聚合物的嵌段接枝膜;乙醇浓度响应型智能膜主要介绍PNIPAM无规共聚物接枝膜。另外,还介绍了其它响应型智能膜,包括手性分子及离子响应型接枝膜的研究成果。基于ATRP法在文中所述的优点以及在膜改性研究方面的广泛应用,相信该方法在制备环境响应型智能膜材料以及推动智能膜实际工业应用方面将扮演重要角色。     

环境响应型智能膜的制备研究进展

膜材料的智能化是当下膜分离材料领域的一个比较热门的研究方向。综述了环境响应型智能膜材料的制备方法,讨论了环境响应型智能膜的类别及温度响应型、pH响应型、分子识别响应型、光响应型智能膜的环境响应特性,并且对智能膜的应用现状进行了分析,对智能膜的研究方向进行了展望。     

具有快速响应特性的环境响应型智能水凝胶的研究进展

环境响应智能水凝胶应用于化学传感器、化学微阀、人造肌肉、药物控释载体、物质分离等领域时常常需要快速响应特性,提高智能水凝胶的响应速率成为了智能水凝胶研究领域的重要课题之一。本文主要综述了具有快速响应特性的环境响应智能水凝胶的构建策略与方法,重点介绍了3类具有不同结构的快速响应型智能水凝胶,即具有多孔结构的快速响应智能水凝胶、具有梳状结构的快速响应智能水凝胶以及具有微球复合结构的快速响应智能水凝胶。     

热和光刺激响应型离子凝胶研究进展

热和光刺激响应型离子凝胶是能够在温度和光的刺激下,离子凝胶的体积能够发生突变的一类凝胶。这一类离子凝胶在致动器和智能开关等领域具有潜在的应用前景。综述了热和光刺激响应型离子凝胶的分类,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

环境响应型润湿性材料的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外环境响应型湿润性材料的响应因素及其在油水分离、载药、生物传感器、胶粘剂、智能开关等领域的应用,并对环境响应型湿润性材料的未来进行了展望。     

智能膜对传质和反应与分离过程的调控

智能膜能响应外界刺激而改变自身的表面特性和膜孔大小,从而改变其选择性和渗透性等性能参数,是化工与材料等交叉学科领域的重要课题。综述了近年来有关智能膜用于跨膜传质过程的调控、亲和分离过程的调控、催化反应过程速率的调控等方面的研究。基于智能膜的传质、反应与分离过程具有条件温和、易于操控、易调控、高效等特点,为简单、高效的传质分离与反应操作提供了新途径和新方法。     

环境刺激响应型高强度智能水凝胶研究进展

环境刺激响应型智能水凝胶能够对外界环境因素的变化产生显著的体积或其他特性的变化,且其性质和结构与生物组织类似,有望应用于人工软骨、人造肌肉、组织工程等领域,引起了广泛的关注。提高环境刺激响应型智能水凝胶的力学性能是智能水凝胶应用研究的重要方向之一。本文综述了近年来环境刺激响应型高强度智能水凝胶的研究进展,简述了高强度智能水凝胶的网络结构的构建策略与方法,分析了其具备高力学性能的机理,重点介绍了4类不同结构的高强度智能水凝胶,即超低交联结构水凝胶、纳米颗粒复合水凝胶、拓扑结构水凝胶以及双网络结构水凝胶,最后讨论了环境刺激响应型高强度智能水凝胶在面向应用的研究过程中仍然需要解决的关键科学问题,如智能水凝胶的环境刺激与力学性能的博弈效应以及响应环境刺激前后的力学性能差异等。     

环境敏感型药物传送体系的研究进展

敏感性药物传送体系在药物控制释放领域的应用越来越广泛。根据刺激条件的不同,综述了pH响应型、温度响应型、光敏感型、氧化还原性响应型、葡萄糖响应型和磁场响应型等一系列刺激响应型药物传送体系的应用和研究进展。     

环境响应型Pickering乳液的研究进展

环境响应型智能水凝胶能够对外界环境温度、pH值、CO2气体、磁场等变化产生显著的体积或其他特性的变化,且其性质和结构与生物组织类似,有望应用于药物运输、细胞封装、组织工程等领域,引起了广泛的关注.近年来,采用环境响应型粒子作为Pickering乳液的乳化剂,制备出一种新型高效的乳剂成为研究热点.介绍了环境响应型粒子稳定乳液的研究进展,最后提出了未来食品和药物运输等领域环境响应型Pickering乳液的研究趋势.     

Properties of dynamically-formed polyblend membranes

Polyblend membranes have been dynamically-formed on hydrous zirconium oxide (ZOSS) membranes by the sequential deposition of oppositely-charge polyelectrolytes. The hyperfiltration properties of polyblend membranes prepared from two cationic-anionic polyelectrolyte pairs are described and compared to the properties of ZOPA membranes. The polyblend membranes possess hyperfiltration properties differing significantly from the ZOPA membranes and provide a promising, controllable means of tailoring dynamically-formed membranes for additional industrial applications.     

Development of new membranes

Asymmetric membranes made from various polymers, such as cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyamide, etc. by a phase inversion process are widely used today in ultra- and hyperfiltration. In spite of their good filtration properties, these membranes have certain short-comings as far as their selectivity and chemical stability are concerned. Considerable effort has therefore been spent in recent years to develop new membranes with better separation characteristics and better overall properties tailor-made for special applications. For desalination of sea- and brackish waters, e.g., composite membranes with better chemical stability and higher fluxes and salt rejection have been developed. For the treatment of certain industrial effluents, liquid membranes with carrier facilitated transport properties for certain metal ions are available today. Membrane preparation techniques are no longer limited to the phase inversion process; track etching procedures, plasma polymerization and radiation induced grafting are used today to produce membranes for various applications. The paper gives a review of recent developments in the preparation techniques of membranes and membrane materials.     

Review of membranes in microfluidics

This review reports the progress on the recent development of membranes in microfluidics. First of all, the definition and basic concepts of membranes are given. Second, the manufacturing methods of membranes in microfluidics are illustrated and discussed. And lastly, the applications of membranes in microfluidics that are the focus of this work are discussed including cells, proteins, microreactors, gas detection, drug screening, electrokinetical fluids, pump and valve and fluid transport control, chemical reagents detection and so on. A variety of microfluidic devices designed containing membranes are expounded and analyzed. This paper will provide a valuable reference to designers who research membranes and microfluidics for various applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

金属有机骨架膜的制备与应用进展

膜分离技术因其高效节能的特点,被认为是最有前景的分离技术之一。由于众多待分离的混合组分在物理性质（如尺寸）上极为接近,实现精确的膜分离仍具有极大的挑战。金属有机骨架材料具有孔径精确可调、孔隙率高等优点,使其有望实现对尺寸相近分子的精确筛分,因此可以作为理想的膜材料。本文对传统的多孔膜材料进行了比较,并对基于金属有机骨架材料的多孔膜进行了分类,包括支撑型金属有机骨架膜和混合基质膜。同时,系统地总结了两大类金属有机骨架膜的制备方法及其发展历程,对先进的膜制备技术进行了展望;总结了金属有机骨架膜在气体分离、纳滤及海水淡化、渗透汽化等方面的应用。最后,针对支撑型金属有机骨架膜提出了改善其透量和选择性的思路。     

Recent progress of two-dimensional nanosheet membranes and composite membranes for separation applications

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a class of promising materials to prepare high-performance 2D membranes for various separation applications. The precise control of the interlayer nanochannel/sub-nanochannel between nanosheets or the pore size of nanosheets within 2D membranes enables 2D membranes to achieve promising molecular sieving performance. To date, many 2D membranes with high permeability and high selectivity have been reported, exhibiting high separation performance. This review presents the development, progress, and recent breakthrough of different types of 2D membranes, including membranes based on porous and non-porous 2D nanosheets for various separations. Separation mechanism of 2D membranes and their fabrication methods are also reviewed. Last but not the least, challenges and future directions of 2D membranes for wide utilization are discussed in brief.     

共混氧氮分离膜的研究进展

列举了无机、有机氧氮分离膜的研究进展,重点介绍了有机无机共混氧氮分离膜的研究现状、共混膜存在的问题和解决方法以及用于预测共混膜渗透性质的Maxwell模型和其改进形式,并提出了共混氧氮分离膜未来的发展方向.     

Overview on industrial membranes

In this paper, industrial inorganic membranes are presented. Inorganic membranes are divided into two types: dense and porous membranes, but the last ones correspond to the large majority of the present commercial products. The preparation methods used to manufacture commercial membranes are presented together with their effects on the membrane porous structure. Commercial membranes are briefly described.     

Recent Applications of Polymer Blends in Gas Separation Membranes

Polymeric membranes are extensively used for gas separations but their performance is limited by the upper bound trade‐off discovered by Robeson in 1991. Among the attractive modifications available to increase the performance of polymeric membranes, polymer blending is a unique technique because it offers a time‐ and cost‐effective method of tuning the properties of membranes. A variety of polymer blends has been explored in recent years. The application of polymer blends in gas separation membranes is described by critically analyzing the performance of polymer blend membranes. Polymer blend membranes of different polymer pairs are reviewed and evaluated in terms of phase behavior, permeability, and selectivity.     

Plasma treatment of polyethylene ultrafiltration membranes

The effect of plasma treatment of polyethylene ultrafiltration membranes on fouling and cleaning phenomena during filtration of bovine serum albumin solutions is discussed. Air-plasma of 2.45 GHz raises the membrane surface hydrophilicity from 0 up to 60%. The flux is maintained at 90–99%. Plasma-treated membranes are easier to clean than untreated polyethylene membranes. Despite that, the plasma-modified membranes are susceptible to more intensive deposition of albumin.     

Effect of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes

PAN carbon membranes were prepared by carbonizing the initial PAN membranes in vacuum and Ar at different temperatures. FTIR, Raman and XRD were applied to study the influence of carbonization atmosphere on the structure changes of PAN carbon membranes. The variations in adsorption peaks of FTIR, the intensity, position and FWHM of the Raman peaks, and microcrystallite parameters from XRD (e.g., d₀₀₂, Lc and La) are correlated with the structure change of PAN carbon membranes. Analyses results reveal that vacuum atmosphere can produce PAN carbon membranes with higher order degree than those in Ar atmosphere, although the structures of PAN carbon membranes prepared in the two atmospheres are both amorphous. In addition, vacuum atmosphere can significantly accelerate the degradation reaction of PAN membranes and favors the preparation of carbon membranes with smaller pore size.