抗蓖织物概述

本文主要介绍了抗菌织物的发展状况、有关加工处理方法及其抗菌机理。本文还就国内外抗菌织物的生产情况作了简要介绍。     

抗菌织物的加工方法及发展趋势

主要介绍了当前抗菌织物的抗菌 ，加工方法以及抗菌织物的发展趋势。     

抗菌纤维及其织物的加工技术

介绍了各类常用抗菌剂及其作用机理,从实际生产应用的角度对抗菌纤维的生产工艺与织物的抗菌整理方法进行了详实的分类,并对目前抗菌纤维及其织物的加工技术作了分析与探讨。     

紫外线接枝法制备光触媒抗菌涤纶织物

介绍了利用紫外线辐照法,将光触媒纳米TiO2接枝到涤纶(PET)织物表面制备抗菌PET织物的工艺,并且在实验室条件下,对其抗菌性能进行测试。结果表明:经过接枝光触媒的PET抗菌织物对金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰阳性菌)、大肠埃希菌(革兰阴性菌)均有较强的抑制和杀灭作用,证明了接枝光触媒TiO2的织物具有很好的广谱抗菌性能和耐水洗性能。     

有机硅季铵盐抗菌剂

本文介绍了甲基三乙氧基硅烷季铵盐和甲基二甲氧基硅烷季铵盐的合成方法、产品性能。这两种有机硅季铵盐主要应用领域为织物耐洗抗菌整理和家用抗菌除臭,抗菌效果达到国外同类产品水平。配合抗真菌增效剂,其抗真菌效果更优。     

两种纺织品抗菌测试标准的比较

介绍了抗菌检测的基本原理及织物抗菌检测的相关标准。对当今国际上通用的两种织物定量检测标准即AATCC100与JISL1902进行了分析对比,着重指出了这两大检测标准所存在的缺陷,为制定我国相关抗菌检测标准提供借鉴。     

纳米陶瓷粉抗菌性能应用研究

较详细地介绍了利用纳米陶瓷粉作为抗菌剂,对纯棉织物进行抗菌整理后织物的抗菌性能。     

抗菌防臭整理的方法及SCJ-2000整理剂的应用

详细地介绍了抗菌防臭整理的发展概况,分析了各类抗菌防臭剂的抗菌机理,展望了抗菌防臭整理广阔的应用前景。介绍了抗菌防臭整理剂SCJ-2000的抗菌性能,讨论了经其加工整理的织物的抗菌效果,并测试了其耐久性能,结果显示：抗菌防臭整理剂SCJ-2000具有良好的广谱抗菌性能和耐久性。     

长效织物消毒剂

介绍了二种季铵盐类长效织物消毒剂，其主要成分为活性基因和阳离子抗菌基因，可杀灭化脓性细菌、肠道菌和流感等细菌，抑菌率大于99．9％，织物耐洗涤50次以上，长效抗菌2年以上，具有持久抗菌效果和良好的相容性，且不会损害织物。其抗菌能力及抗菌谱、耐洗涤性、吸湿性、透气性和织物处理自度，安全环保性等关键性能指标优于美国的DC-5700。经试验小鼠急性经口毒性LD50〉5000mg／kg，该消毒剂属于实际无毒级，长期使用对皮肤、黏膜无刺激；不含LAS，生物降解率高达93％-97％，不会对人体和环境造成危害，已广泛应用于军用被装织物抗菌整理。     

低温条件下织物的清洗效果

首先论述了低温条件下织物的清洗状况。介绍了低温条件下的洗涤优势、欧洲的一些洗涤习惯以及消费者对洗涤习惯的改变。其次对洗衣过程中的抗菌性能进行了研究,并对抗菌功效进行了评价。最后对低温洗涤条件下织物的卫生状况提出了一些建议。     

A new consolidation system for aged silk fabrics: Effect of reactive epoxide-ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether

A new consolidation system for fragile ancient silk fabrics by fibroin with the support of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) was developed in our group. To figure out the mechanism and the effect of EGDE in the system, aged silk fabrics treated with EGDE have been investigated in this paper. Silk fabrics were artificially aged in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to simulate fragile ancient silk fabrics. The aged silk fabrics were treated with EGDE aqueous solution by spraying. The resultant silk fabrics were systematically investigated by tensile test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal ageing resistance test, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR), solid-state ¹³C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnet resonance (¹³C CP/MAS NMR) and amino acid analysis (AAA), etc. Results indicate that the breaking stress and strain of the treated silk fabrics increase more than four and two times, respectively. The maximum decomposition temperature of the treated silk fabrics is much higher than that of the aged silk fabrics. The treated silk fabrics exhibit a better thermal ageing resistance than the aged silk fabrics. Chemical interactions occurred between EGDE and silk fibroin molecules in silk fabrics. This work provides useful information for the protection of historic silk fabrics.     

抗静电织物的电荷面密度测试与分析

通过YG(B)403型织物摩擦带电测试仪测试各种无导电纤维织物、不锈钢纤维织物、有机导电纤维织物的电荷面密度,研究了摩擦次数和含水率对织物抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:大部分含导电纤维的织物抗静电性能优于普通织物;摩擦次数对织物的抗静电性能基本无影响;随着含水率的减少,含导电纤维的织物抗静电性能有提高趋势,普通织物抗静电性能会有所下降。     

Modifying of Cotton Fabric Surface with Nano-ZnO Multilayer Films by Layer-by-Layer Deposition Method

ZnO nanoparticle–based multilayer nanocomposite films were fabricated on cationized woven cotton fabrics via layer-by-layer molecular self-assembly technique. For cationic surface charge, cotton fabrics were pretreated with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EP3MAC) by pad-batch method. XPS and SEM were used to examine the deposited nano-ZnO multilayer films on the cotton fabrics. The nano-ZnO films deposited on cotton fabrics exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results also showed that the coated fabrics with nano-ZnO multilayer films enhanced the protection of cotton fabrics from UV radiation. Physical tests (tensile strength of weft and warp yarns, air permeability and whiteness values) were performed on the fabrics before and after the treatment with ZnO nanoparticles to evaluate the effect of layer-by-layer (LbL) process on cotton fabrics properties.     

芳香族聚酰胺织物抗紫外老化的研究

合成了一种二酰亚胺化合物(N,N-二乙基间甲基苯甲酰胺),用于制备芳香族聚酰胺织物的抗紫外老化整理剂。通过改变操作条件(浓度、温度、时间),优化整理工艺,并对处理后芳纶织物的性能进行了表征。结果表明:经该整理剂处理过的芳纶织物在320～330 nm有较强的吸收峰;该织物经30 W紫外老化100 h后,强度保持率高达87%,比未经抗老化整理的对照织物样品的抗老化效能提高了一倍,表现出优异的抗紫外老化性能。     

一种用于织物化学镀的无钯活化工艺

为了研究和开发性能更加优良、工艺更加经济环保的电磁防护化学镀织物,以涤棉混纺织物为试验原料,研究了织物化学镀的前处理工艺,提出了一种新的无钯前处理方法,即通过柠檬酸对镍盐的络合作用,再利用硼氢化钾的还原性将织物上络合的镍盐还原,使织物表面具有一层活化中心。与传统有钯活化工艺进行对比分析,结果表明:无钯前处理方法能够引发后期织物表面的化学镀镍反应,且织物在化学镀过程中具有较高的活性,反应速率快;通过扫描电镜及防电磁辐射测试仪等测试表征,发现织物表面形成了一层致密的金属薄膜镀层;织物的电磁屏蔽效能平均值达到了52.89 d B。     

Covalent surface functionalization of nonwoven fabrics with controlled hydrophobicity,water absorption,and pH regulation properties

A modular method for functionalization of nonwoven fabrics was developed using a two-step process. In the first step, the fabrics were grafted with a linker molecule, 10-undecenoyl chloride, via esterification, followed by attachment of a functional material under UV irradiation. Perfluorodecanethiol and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were connected to the linker-modified fabrics using thiol-ene click chemistry. Perfluorodecanethiol modified fabrics exhibited hydrophobicity with water contact angle of about 140° while MPA-modified fabrics were able to lower the pH of a solution by about 1.6. We additionally demonstrated the possibility to connect functional polymers to the linker-modified fabrics by radical graft polymerization of acrylic acid; this produced a thin layer of the polymer on the surface of the fabric. Fabrics modified with poly(acrylic acid) exhibited increased hydrophilicity with water contact angle of 0° for both cotton and viscose-polyester fabrics, while the water absorption capability for polypropylene fabrics increased from about 50 to 1200%.     

无菌隔离技术在制药行业中的应用

为了推广无菌隔离技术在制药行业中的应用,通过查阅国内外相关文献,从隔离系统的分类、结构、操作方式、安装位置以及采用隔离技术的必要性等方面对无菌隔离技术在制药行业中的应用进行了介绍。结果表明,制药企业在无菌生产及检验过程中采用合适的无菌隔离系统是通过新版GMP认证、进入国际市场的最佳途径。     

Color analysis of natural colorant‐dyed fabrics

Colors from naturally dyed fabrics recently have attracted both consumers and manufacturers in fashion markets. Even though color attributes of the fabrics have been partially observed in some literature, a data base of colors for natural colorants in fabrics needs to be established and the colors to be characterized according to systematic color notations and tones in order to relate the traditional natural colors to contemporary color communication systems. Therefore, a study was performed to investigate color characteristics for a given large set of natural colorants‐dyed fabrics based on the Munsell color notations, to analyze their tones with relation to the notation such as hue, value, and chroma, and finally to identify the effects of mordanting, an important coloring auxiliary, on the colorimetric properties of the fabrics. As a result, the dominant hue for a total of 350 naturally dyed fabrics was yellowish families followed by reddish and purplish ones in the Munsell notation owing to the use of leaves and plant as usual natural dyestuff, which confirms the limit of color hues of the fabrics. Color value for most of naturally dyed fabrics was generally higher whereas the chroma was lower, which means that most of colors for naturally dyed fabrics tended to be bright and weak shaded. Grayish, light grayish, and soft tones were the main tones of natural colorant‐dyed fabrics. All of hue, value, and chroma were found as being influenced by mordanting in that more particularly; iron mordanting was likely to cause the decrease of both value and chroma for most of naturally dyed fabrics. These results could provide a systematic color data for naturally dyed fashion fabrics and suggest a future direction of color development for them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 148–157, 2008     

Mechanistic investigation on moisture-induced softening of poly(vinyl acetate)-stiffened polyester fabrics

Softening phenomenon of fabrics stiffened with eco-friendly polymeric stiffening agents often occurs in service conditions, leading to a deteriorated stiffening style. It is highly desired to find the key factors that induce the softening of stiffened fabrics and to understand the softening mechanism. In this work, polyester fabrics and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)-based stiffening agent were chosen as the typical fabrics and polymeric stiffening agent, respectively. The stiffness value, a sensitive style index for the stiffening effect of fabrics, was selected to evaluate the variation of fabric stiffening effect during storage. A phenomenon of rapid softening was observed in the fabrics stiffened with various amounts of PVAc-based stiffening agent. The stiffness value of stiffened fabrics decreased with the increase of hygroscopic amount. According to the hygroscopic kinetic data, the moisture-induced plasticization effect of stiffening agent film, and the detachment of stiffening agent film from the fibers caused by the moisture-induced weakening of interfacial interaction between the film and fiber, a possible softening mechanism of polymer-stiffened fabrics was proposed. The hygroscopic-drying cyclic experiments showed that the softening of stiffened fabrics was induced by the reversible plasticization effect and the irreversible interfacial damage between the film and fiber.     

结构参数对尼丝纺织物性能的影响

探讨了织物组织、纱线细度、织物紧度对尼丝纺织物的透湿性、抗紫外线性和折皱回复性的影响。结果表明,缎纹组织的尼丝纺织物的透气性、抗紫外线性和折皱回复性好于斜纹和平纹组织的织物;随着纱线细度的增大,尼丝纺织物的抗紫外线性和折皱回复性越好,透湿性越差;随着织物紧度的增加,尼丝纺织物的透湿性先变好后变差,抗紫外线性变好,折皱回复性变差。