兰炭尾气高效清洁利用技术

介绍了兰炭尾气净化和燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电的工艺技术,兰炭尾气净化后作为燃气发电机组的燃料,将燃气内燃机排出的高温烟气余热进行回收,实现兰炭尾气的高效清洁利用.     

兰炭生产节能技术与节能空间探讨

介绍了兰炭产业发展所经历的土法炼焦、机制炼焦和转型升级三个阶段;从工艺、电气、建筑、通风等方面梳理了兰炭行业目前采用的节能技术;提出采用分级干馏、无水兰炭生产技术、加大单炉兰炭产量、富氧干馏等措施,进一步降低兰炭生产能耗.     

兰炭尾气脱硫净化工艺研究

针对兰炭尾气污染问题,如何对兰炭尾气进行净化,是当前的重点工作。应用磷矿浆脱硫技术,对兰炭尾气进行净化处理。探讨了不同磷矿浆pH值、循环量、液气比、气流量、入口兰炭尾气量等对兰炭脱硫的影响,并采用正交试验的方法,对兰炭脱硫综合影响进行分析。结果表明,在上述的因素中,循环量对兰炭尾气的处理影响最大,磷矿浆pH值影响最小。     

榆林兰炭产业现状及发展建议

介绍了我国兰炭生产工艺、产能分布、产业链及相关企业状况,统计并分析预测榆林兰炭消费市场,指明兰炭发展中存在的问题,指出产业集中度、兰炭尾气高附加值、低排放量利用和生产清洁化尚待提高,并提出未来兰炭项目大型化、园区化、绿色化,形成统一供销模式,成立兰炭产业研究院等是兰炭产业实现高质量发展的重要思路.     

神木兰炭产业发展简析

分析了我国兰炭市场,介绍了神木兰炭产业近况,提出了神木兰炭产业发展的挑战和机遇,并对近几年的神木兰炭价格做了统计。     

关于兰炭强度的讨论

指出了对兰炭认识上的误区和兰炭产品标准的缺陷,兰炭机械强度一直没有引起足够重视;论述了影响兰炭机械强度的因素有原料煤粒度、干馏温度、干馏时的加热方式和干馏炉内蒸汽熄焦等;要提高兰炭强度必须改进干馏工艺。     

煤粉工业锅炉燃烧兰炭试验研究

为提高兰炭在煤粉工业锅炉上的燃烧效率,以陕西煤业化工集团生产的兰炭为原料,进行煤粉工业锅炉燃烧试验,分析了兰炭着火、稳燃、燃烬情况;针对兰炭燃烧过程中存在的问题提出解决方案。结果表明:高效煤粉工业锅炉双锥燃烧器的独特结构和浓相燃烧的方式,为兰炭的着火和稳燃提供了良好条件。在过量空气系数1.2,一、二、三次风比例分别为0.11、0.47、0.42,预热时间3 min,伴燃时间4 min的条件下,实现了兰炭粉的着火和自维持稳定燃烧,燃烧期间后部温度保持在550℃,炉膛中部温度大于800℃。针对兰炭燃烧存在燃烧器内燃点靠后、着火区域温度低和兰炭燃烧不完全等问题,提出可通过调整燃烧室的结构和尺寸,使燃烧器蓄热能力增强,延长煤粉预热时间,产生更多高温回流烟气,使兰炭在燃烧器中快速着火并稳定传播到炉膛,降低兰炭灰残炭率,提高燃烧效率。     

直立内热式兰炭炉水封熄焦技术分析探讨

简述了直立内热式兰炭炉水封熄焦工艺原理,通过分析,认为水封熄焦在增加兰炭炉内气体通量、推动热量传导和转换、平抑和稳定系统温度、回收兰炭显热、实现兰炭和煤气气固分离及实现兰炭生产系统废水"零"排放等方面,具有积极作用,应对水封熄焦工艺客观认识其利弊,扬长避短,促进兰炭产业持续、健康、稳定发展。     

电站煤粉锅炉掺烧兰炭试验研究

为考察兰炭在电站煤粉锅炉上的适应性,确定兰炭在煤粉锅炉上的掺烧比例和方式,在充分掌握兰炭燃料特性基础上,在国内首次进行了配中速磨制粉系统的电站煤粉锅炉掺烧兰炭试验。试验结果表明,电站锅炉燃用兰炭具有减轻燃烧器喷口结渣、大幅降低烟气污染物生成量、对低热值煤具有较好替代作用等优势,试验锅炉可以预混掺烧方式实现安全稳定燃用33%比例的兰炭。针对兰炭的强磨损、低燃尽特性对制粉系统以及锅炉安全经济运行可能产生的不利影响,提出了"预混+防磨+燃烧调整"的燃用兰炭原则。     

兰炭基生物质型煤成型工艺及性能的研究

以粒度小于12 mm的兰炭末为原料,用NaOH改性松针为粘结剂,采用冷压成型工艺制备用作清洁燃料的兰炭型煤,分别讨论了松针质量分数、松针粒度、NaOH溶液的质量分数、改性温度、粉煤粒度对兰炭型煤强度的影响,采用单因素实验与正交实验对工艺条件迚行优化,并通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对兰炭型煤迚行表征,最后利用量热仪和测硫仪考察了兰炭型煤的燃烧特性。研究结果表明:氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为3%、兰炭末的粒度为0.3～0.6 mm、改性的温度为75℃、松针粘结剂的质量分数为15%、松针的粒度为1.5～2.0 mm为最佳工艺条件,兰炭型煤的强度达到了3 456.1 N,当氧化钙将入5 g时,固硫率达到91.69%,在最佳工艺条件时燃烧热为25.65 MJ/kg。此研究成果可为兰炭末的资源化利用提供一定的技术指导,对降低粉尘和雾霾等环境污染提供一定的理论基础,既解决了兰炭末资源浪费和环境污染的问题,又能生产洁净、低污染的兰炭型煤,提高了兰炭企业的经济效益。     

ENERGY EFFICIENCY EVALUATION FOR A “GREEN” POWER GENERATION PROCESS WITH MINIMUM EFFORT ON CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE

This study evaluates the use of cracking for the removal of carbon from fuels to be used in a power generation process. Unlike conventional power generation systems, the proposed system includes a cracking unit, the function of which is to convert primary fuels into H₂ rich syngas and solid carbon, thus avoiding the emission of CO₂ and the need for carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the power generation system. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of equilibrium reactions in the cracker, it is demonstrated that the operating temperature has a significant influence on the carbon capture rate achieved and the composition of the syngas. Carbon in the fuel can be captured in solid form from hydrocarbon fuels when operating the cracker at sufficiently high temperatures; however, only a portion of carbon can be captured in a solid form from oxygenated hydrocarbon fuels, with the maximum carbon capture rate being achieved at an optimum temperature. An energy analysis, which takes into account the energy penalty of CCS for the conventional power generation system, reveals that the net available energy from the proposed system is still not as high as that of the conventional system with CCS; however, the solid carbon can be of high commercial value when appropriate technology is employed to convert the carbon byproduct into a high-added-value carbon product such as carbon black or carbon nanotubes (CNTs).     

Assessment of chemical looping-based conceptual designs for high efficient hydrogen and power co-generation applied to gasification processes

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are expected to play a significant role in the coming decades for curbing the greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure a sustainable development of power generation and other energy-intensive industrial sectors. Chemical looping systems are very promising options for intrinsically capture CO₂ with lower cost and energy penalties. Gasification offers significant advantages compared with other technologies in term of lower energy and cost penalties for carbon capture, utilization of wide range of fuels, poly-generation capability, plant flexibility, lower environmental impact, etc.     

煤气化氢电联产减排CO2的系统研究

征收碳税、强化石油开采以及开放二氧化碳减排贸易等措施可以促进发电行业减排CO2．但是这些措施,尤其是碳税和减排贸易,可能需要较长的时间才能在中国施行．因此,必须考虑在这段时期内如何改善减排CO2的IGCC和煤气化固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)混合循环的经济性,进而促进IGCC和混合循环的发展．以煤气化氢电联产系统作为尝试,设计、模拟了四种不同的联产方案,通过对各方案的投资、发电和制氢成本的分析,就氢电联产能否及如何改善经济性、如何从能量利用和成本两方面配置联产系统、以及实施碳税等措施前后如何促进发电厂减排CO2等方面进行了探讨．     

基于沼气的热电气联供系统全工况模型与性能分析

为了解决我国城镇化进程中日益增长的能源需求,高效循环利用有机废弃物,缓解农村环境污染问题,构建了基于沼气的内燃机热电气联供系统,将生物质厌氧发酵、内燃机热电联产、补充热源、用户侧需求等有机联系起来建立系统全工况动态数学模型,并以兰州地区5户建筑面积226.8 m²的新农村建筑为例,进行系统全年逐日供需能量平衡分析及性能分析。结果表明：寒冷地区新农村建筑负荷与商业建筑存在明显不同,冬夏季热负荷差异大,全天电负荷波动很明显;在充分考虑厌氧发酵生物质能源转化效率、热量传输及换热效率和火电厂发电效率的情况下,联供系统全年一次能源利用率为37.85%;与传统农村分供系统相比,系统一次能源节约率为17.12%。系统性能分析结果可为我国生物质沼气集中热电联产在村镇的规模化应用提供一定理论依据。     

厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池空气阴极研究

流化床微生物燃料电池(AFBMFC)的阴极导电性和催化剂性能是影响微生物燃料电池产电性能的重要因素。本文首先在阴极负载少量银研究其对AFBMFC产电性能的影响。其次,制备四种铂钴合金催化剂,考察了催化剂对AFBMFC产电性能的影响。研究表明,阴极碳基层负载少量的银可以显著改善AFBMFC的产电性能,银负载量为0.7 mg·cm^-2时AFBMFC最大输出电压和输出功率密度分别为纯碳基层阴极的154%和330%。600℃比950℃制备的PtCo合金催化剂有较好的催化性能,在保证催化剂总量不变的情况下,铂用量为原来的50%,AFBMFC产电性能仍有较大幅度的提高。     

Treatment of carbon cloth anodes for improving power generation in a dual‐chamber microbial fuel cell

BACKGROUND: For a microbial fuel cell (MFC), the anode material plays a crucial role in power output. RESULTS: A dual‐chamber MFC was constructed using carbon cloth (CC) anodes treated by concentrated nitric acid (CC‐A) and heated in a muffle furnace (CC‐H), respectively. The experiment results showed that the stable maximum voltages were 0.42–0.46 V for CC, 0.52–0.58 V for CC‐A and 0.80 V for CC‐H under the condition of a 1000 Ω external resistance, which were much higher than those reported in the literature so far. Moreover, the maximum power density of the CC‐H anode (687 mW m^?2) was larger than for the CC‐A anode (480 mW m^?2) and the CC anode (333 mW m^?2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results revealed that the internal resistance was 251 Ω for CC anode, 202 Ω for CC‐A anode and 162 Ω for CC‐H anode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that the increase of power generation was attributed to the increase of bacteria counts attached to anodes. The power output of the MFC increased along with the increase of the N1s/C1s ratio, which was proved by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Carbon cloth anodes treated by concentrated nitric acid and high temperature resulted in improved power generation by a microbiol fuel cell. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

挂车电站车体外防腐涂装及质量控制

根据挂车电站的运行环境及特点,对挂车电站车体外防腐装饰涂层体系进行了分析、筛选。对涂装工艺和涂装质量控制等方面进行了研究,涂料产品在兰州电源车辆研究所多种型号的挂车电站上应用多年,效果良好。     

碳中和目标下海螺水泥减排二氧化碳的实践

水泥行业是二氧化碳排放大户,其排放主要来自碳酸盐的分解、燃料的燃烧和电力消耗。在生产工艺碳减排(如替代原料、熟料替代技术等)、生产能耗碳减排(如替代燃料、富氧燃烧技术、高效粉磨、余热发电等)、新技术碳减排(如水泥窑二氧化碳捕集利用)及新能源技术等方面加强技术研发力度和推广力度,可实现水泥行业绿色转型发展,为达到碳中和目标作贡献。     

烟气脱硫技术进展及动力锅炉脱硫方案讨论

介绍烟气脱硫技术进展情况,主要介绍石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫技术,并针对中石油兰州石化公司化肥厂动力锅炉情况,提出可行的脱硫技术改造方案.     

Planning of carbon capture and storage with pinch analysis techniques

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a means for reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from fossil fuel combustion in power generation and industrial processes. It involves the capture of CO₂ for subsequent storage in various geological formations. The selection and matching of the power plants and storage sites are often an issue of optimisation due to various constraints, i.e., time of availability, injection rate, and storage capacity limits. In this work, a novel graphical targeting tool based on pinch analysis is proposed to address the planning problem of the storage of captured CO₂ from power generating plants into corresponding reservoirs. The main consideration for the problem is the time of availability of the latter, since reservoirs need to be developed prior to CO₂ storage. The time limitation is addressed by the graphical technique where time is taken as the governing element in solving the problem. Hypothetical examples are used to elucidate the proposed approach.