科技简讯

NiFe2 O4 及添加TiO2 的尖晶石的烧结过程　　以NiO和Fe2 O3 为主要原料 ,通过添加少量TiO2 粉末来改善NiFe2 O4试样的烧结过程。研究了NiFe2 O4和TiO2-NiFe2 O42种样品在反应烧结过程中的热力学及动力学条件 ,同时利用球模型推导的扩散机制的烧结方程测算出 2种材料的烧结活化能。结果表明 ,NiO和Fe2 O3 固相烧结过程是固相反应和致密化过程同时进行的 ;添加质量分数为 1 %TiO2 粉末 ,当合成温度为 1 2 5 0℃时 ,TiO2 -NiFe2 O4样品就已达到致密 ,其烧结活化能由NiFe2 O4样品时的2 4 5 .36kJ/mol降低为 1 4 2 .71kJ/mol。…     

NiFe_2O_4复合氧化物陶瓷粉体的制备

采用粉末冶金固相烧结法制备了NiFe2O4铁氧体粉体。对NiFe2O4粉体试样进行了DTA分析,研究了不同配比的NiO和Fe2O4粉末在980℃和1100℃烧结温度下的情况,对产物进行了XRD和SEM分析,结果表明：随着温度的升高（980～1100℃）,烧结粉末的分散性越来越好,纯度也越来越高,NiFe2O4陶瓷粉体也逐渐显示出明显的尖晶石形貌。本研究制备尖晶石NiFe2O4陶瓷粉体的最佳工艺条件是：1100℃左右,时间为6h最好。     

NiFe2O4惰性阳极的制备及其电解腐蚀机理

以Fe2O3和NiO为主要原料,添加2%(按质量计)MnO2,采用固相烧结工艺制备了NiFe2O4惰性阳极.用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对材料的组成和微观结构进行了研究,测量了样品在冰晶石熔盐中不同电流密度下的电解腐蚀速率,并对其腐蚀机理作了初步探讨.结果表明:惰性阳极由NiO和NiFe2O4尖晶石两相组成,MnO2作为固溶体在尖晶石晶界处富集.电解腐蚀呈现出物理化学溶解过程,熔盐对试样的电解腐蚀首先要在晶界处发生反应生成更稳定的FeAl2O4相,而FeAl2O4相结构致密,冰晶石熔盐通过该相向NiFe2O4尖晶石晶粒内扩散速度减慢,从而降低了腐蚀速率.     

NiFe2O4隋性阳极的制备及其电解腐蚀机理

以Fe2O3和NiO为主要原料，添加2％（按质量计）MnO2，采用固相烧结工艺制备了NiFe2O4惰性阳极。用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对材料的组成和微观结构进行了研究，测量了样品在冰晶石熔盐中不同电流密度下的电解腐蚀速率，并对其腐蚀机理作了初步探讨。结果表明：惰性阳极由NiO和NiFe2O4尖晶石两相组成，MnO2作为固溶体在尖晶石晶界处富集。电解腐蚀呈现出物理化学溶解过程，熔盐对试样的电解腐蚀首先要在晶界处发生反应生成更稳定的FeAl2O4相，而FeAl2O4相结构致密，冰晶石熔盐通过该相向NiFe2O4尖晶石晶粒内扩散速度减慢，从而降低了腐蚀速率。     

液相烧结氧化铝陶瓷及其烧结动力学分析

研究了CuO TiO2复相添加剂对Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能、显微结构的影响以及添加剂形成液相时Al2O3陶瓷的烧结动力学.结果显示:添加剂的加入明显地促进了Al2O3陶瓷的烧结致密度.添加剂含量对致密有明显影响,含量越高,烧结速率越快.当添加剂(CuO TiO2)为2%(质量分数),CuO/TiO2质量比为1/2时,Al2O3样品致密度最高.添加剂的存在使Al2O3晶粒发生较快生长,晶粒形貌为等轴状.通过等温烧结动力学,确定掺杂Al2O3陶瓷烧结激活能为25.2kJ/mol,表明可能是氧离子和铝离子在液相中的扩散作用控制了烧结过程.     

MnO2添加剂对镍铁尖晶石基惰性阳极耐腐蚀性的影响

以氧化物NiO和Fe2O3为原料,添加氧化物MnO2,采用高温固相烧结法制备了NiFe2O4基惰性阳极材料,采用失重法测量了阳极试样的静态热腐蚀速率,并对其腐蚀机理进行了初步探讨. 实验结果表明,添加2%(ω) MnO2粉末的惰性阳极试样的静态热腐蚀速率最低. 由于掺杂的MnO2在晶界处富集,熔盐对晶粒的腐蚀首先在晶界处发生反应生成Mn2AlO4相,而Mn2AlO4相结构致密,冰晶石熔盐通过该相向NiFe2O4尖晶石晶粒内扩散速度减慢,从而降低了腐蚀速率.     

五氧化二钒对铁酸镍基金属陶瓷惰性阳极导电行为的影响

以NiO,Fe2O3,Ag粉和微量V2O5为原料,用粉末冶金法制备掺杂V2O5的镍铁尖晶石金属陶瓷惰性阳极,研究V2O5对惰性阳极材料微观形貌和电导率的影响.结果表明:添加V2O5后,V2O5与Fe2O3和NiO形成低熔点的化合物Ni2FeVO6,该物质在烧结过程中呈液相.液相的出现使金属银在陶瓷相中呈细长的线状分布.能谱分析发现:金属相中含有陶瓷相的组成,说明金属相与陶瓷相间的润湿性有所改善.同时,样品的电导率显著提高.当添加2.0%(以质量计)V2O5时,样品的电导率约为无添加剂的Ag/NiFe2O4金属陶瓷样品的7倍,这主要是因为V2O5在烧结过程中形成液相,改善金属相与陶瓷相间的界面相容性,从而改变金属相在陶瓷相中的分布状况.掺杂后,样品的电导率在450～650 ℃之间发生突变,呈现急剧上升,这可能是由于添加剂诱发NiFe2O4的磁性发生变化,从而导致电导率发生突变.     

低温烧结氧化铝陶瓷的动力学研究

用CaO-MgO-SiO2玻璃(CMS-G)和TiO2为烧结助剂,在1450℃下实现了氧化铝陶瓷的致密烧结.探讨了CMS-G和TiO2质量百分含量对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能、显微结构以及其烧结动力学的影响.结果表明:CMS-G和TiO2可有效促进氧化铝陶瓷的致密化,当CMS-G含量为3%、TiO2含量为1%时,氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度达到98.25%;液相烧结激活能为113.4kJ/mol,表明扩散控制了烧结过程.     

NiFe2O4/Ag惰性阳极的熔盐腐蚀性能

以Fe2O3,NiO和Ag粉为主要原料,采用固相烧结工艺制备了NiFe2O4/Ag惰性阳极.采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对材料的组成和微观结构进行了研究,并测量了样品抗热震性、抗折强度、在冰晶石熔盐中的静态热腐蚀以及电解腐蚀速率,对其腐蚀过程作了初步探讨.结果表明:惰性阳极由NiO,NiFe2O4尖晶石和Ag三相组成.随着金属Ag含量的增多,惰性阳极样品在冰晶石熔盐中的静态热腐蚀速率增加,由于抗热震性和抗折强度有了大幅提高,电解腐蚀速率降低.静态热腐蚀和电解腐蚀呈现出物理化学溶解过程,而且由于金属银对晶界的强化作用,电解腐蚀由晶粒开始.     

比表面积对TiO2陶瓷烧结初期致密化行为的影响

将比表面积分别为30 m2/g和1 m2/g的纳米(50 nln)和微米(2 μm)金红石TiO2陶瓷坯体在高温热膨胀仪中自室温至1200℃进行恒速无压烧结,升温速率为1℃/min,3℃/min和5℃/min,热膨胀仪自动记录烧结收缩.为阐明比表面对无压烧结初期致密化行为的影响,研究了氧化钛陶瓷的烧结收缩行为.同时,利用Arrhenius曲线研究了纳米和微米氧化钛陶瓷的烧结激活能.结果表明:随烧结温度的增加,比表面积的增加加速了致密化速率;纳米和微米氧化钛的烧结激活能分别为115±10 kJ/mol和302±15 kJ/mol;对于纳米氧化钛,当烧结体的瞬时相对密度为70～80%时,出现最大致密化速率,而对于微米氧化钛陶瓷,最大致密化速率出现在相对密度为75～85%.     

CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃表面析晶的研究

以浮选法黄金生产过程中排放的尾砂为主要原料，综合运用差热分析、X射线衍射、光学显微镜等测试手段，对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃的表面析晶行为及其动力学等内容进行了研究，其结果对进一步探索该系统玻璃粉末的烧结过程有一定的指导作用，对于合理利用固体废弃物，开发环保型烧结微晶玻璃材料具有实际意义 。     

Densification kinetics and sintering behavior of UO2 and 0.5 wt.%MnO-doped UO2

In this work, the sintering kinetics of pure UO₂ and 0.5 wt.%MnO-doped UO₂ was studied by a high-temperature dilatometer heated up to 1500°C. In addition, the sintering behavior of pure UO₂ and 0.5 wt.%MnO-doped UO₂ was studied by pressureless sintering technique. The results showed that MnO doping enhanced the grain boundary diffusion of UO₂, which can effectively decrease the densification temperature and promote grain growth. The sintering temperature of UO₂ was significantly reduced by about 200°C with the addition of 0.5 wt.%MnO. The microscopic morphology studies showed that there were still fine particles agglomerated, forming sintered spheres in the matrix even if no severe agglomeration and bimodal size distribution were observed in raw UO₂ powder. The microstructure evolution of the sintered sphere and UO₂ matrix during the densification process was studied by isothermal sintering. Finally, the present analyses indicated that the densification of UO₂ matrix can be accelerated by adding MnO or increasing the sintering temperature, thus improving the densification inhomogeneity of UO₂ matrix.     

CaO对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃晶化过程活化能的影响

CaO对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的烧结及析晶性能有较大影响,从而影响了微晶玻璃的结构及性能.本文运用DTA、烧结收缩率分别测定了CaO-A12O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的烧结活化能及析晶活化能,研究了这两者的变化趋势.     

Nonisothermal sintering of Cr2AlC powder

This work studies the sintering behavior of ultrafine powder of Cr₂AlC compound during nonisothermal heating using a dilatometer. Sample exhibits relatively slower densification under pressureless condition where relative density increased from about 61% (green compact) to about 73% during heating up to 1350°C. Axial shrinkage data were analyzed through the volume diffusion and grain boundary diffusion‐based sintering models. Estimated activation energy of sintering (352 kJ/mol) for volume diffusion mechanism, was found to be closely matching with the reported activation energy of chromium diffusivity, indicating volume diffusion as a controlling mechanism and chromium as a major diffuser in Cr₂AlC.     

α-Al2O3纳米粉的烧结初期机理研究

采用等速升温和恒温烧结方法，对一次颗业粒径为１０ｎｍ、团聚强度分别为７６ＭＰａ的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳米粉的初期结机理进行了研究，结果表明两种纳发的初期烧结均受晶界扩用控制、团中度为７６ＭＰａ的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳米粉烧结激活能为３２８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ；而团聚强度为２３４ＭＰａ的纳米粉体烧结激活能为４４５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

Fabrication of high-density NiFe2O4 ceramics by slip casting and pressureless sintering

High-density NiFe₂O₄ ceramics with homogeneous microstructure were produced by slip casting and pressureless sintering. The slurry stability, sintering behavior, and microstructure of NiFe₂O₄ ceramics were investigated. A stable slurry can be obtained by adding 12.5 wt% NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticle and 5 wt% nano-binder at a slurry pH around 11.0. The linear shrinkage and linear shrinkage rate for both NiFe₂O₄ ceramic green bodies shaped by cold press molding and slip casting showed nearly the same trends. The temperature associated with the maximum linear shrinkage rate of slip casted green body was 1263.5°C, which was lower than that of cold press molded sample (1272.0°C). The sintering activation energy of slip casted green body was also lower than that of cold press molded sample (279.18 vs 288.47 kJ mol⁻¹), owing to high density and homogeneity of slip-casted green compact. A high-density NiFe₂O₄ ceramics with uniform grain size distribution can be produced by slip casting and pressureless sintering at 1350°C for 6 hours, attributed to the ability of slip casting to minimize agglomerates and micropores. It demonstrated that slip casting was more suitable to prepare high-density NiFe₂O₄ ceramics with good homogeneity.     

GdAlO3粉体的溶胶凝胶法制备工艺及烧结行为研究

以Gd2O3、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和HNO3为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,通过溶胶凝胶法制备前驱体,经过1000℃,保温2h热处理得到了纯相铝酸钆(GdAlO3)粉体,通过谢乐公式计算,得到各种温度煅烧后粉体的平均晶粒尺寸范围为25~40nm,发现随着煅烧温度的提高,晶粒尺寸逐渐长大;通过研究GdAlO3坯体样品的恒速无压烧结曲线,发现当升温速率为5℃/min时,样品在957℃开始收缩,烧结温度为1600℃时,最大收缩率为16.17%;以烧结曲线为基础,使用基于相对收缩率的Arrhenius关系,计算得到铝酸钆的烧结激活能为22.4kJ/mol,低于氧化铝的烧结激活能,说明其会促进氧化铝的烧结。     

Reactive,nonreactive, and flash spark plasma sintering of Al2O3/SiC composites—A comparative study

The influence of different SPS-based methods, that is, conventional spark plasma sintering (SPS), flash SPS (FSPS), and reactive SPS (RSPS) on the properties of Al₂O₃/SiC composite was investigated. It was shown that the application of preliminary high energy ball milling of the powders significantly enhances the sinterability of the ceramics. It was also demonstrated that FSPS provides unique conditions for rapid, that is, less than a minute, consolidation of refractory ceramics. The Al₂O₃-20 wt% SiC composite produced by FSPS possesses the highest relative density (~99%), fracture toughness (7.5 MPa m^1/2), hardness (20.3 GPa) and wear resistance among all ceramics produced by other SPS-based approaches with dwelling time 10 minutes. The RSPS ceramics hold the highest Young's modulus (390 GPa). Substitution of micron-sized Al₂O₃ particles by nano alumina does not lead to measurable enhancement of the mechanical properties.     

Microstructure and properties of NiAl/TiC composite synthesized by spark plasma sintering of mechanically activated elemental powders

In this study, NiAl/TiC_0.95 composite was synthesized by reactive spark plasma sintering of mechanically activated elemental powders. The microstructure and properties of activated powders and sintered samples were evaluated. The elemental powders were milled after different milling times and as-mixed and 10 h milled powder mixtures were sintered by the reactive spark plasma sintering method. The phase and the microstructure changes were evaluated by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD pattern of 0 h milled powder after sintering showed that Ni₃Al, Ni₂Al₃ beside NiAl and TiC_0.75 formed. While after the sintering of 10 h mechanically activated powder, the Ni₃Al and Ni₂Al₃ were eliminated and NiAl remained with TiC_0.95. The nanoindentation result of the SPSed sample showed a hardness of 12.2 ± 0.1 GPa with an elastic modulus of 25.0 ± 0.5 GPa.