分解炉内流动特性数值模型的探讨

分解炉是预分解窑技术的关键设备，具有燃料燃烧、气固传热、碳酸盐分解等功能。为充分了解分解炉的性能，应用适宜的模型来模拟分解炉内部三维流场是很有意义的。在借鉴分解炉物理模型和流体力学的湍流模型的基础上，对华新水泥厂采用的喷腾式和旋喷式分解炉进行了分析，提出两种数学模型，为优化分解炉结构设计提供了理论依据。     

实时优化技术在分解炉出口温度控制中的研究与应用

分解炉出口温度是水泥生产中重要的工艺参数之一，直接代表生料分解效果，即入窑生料分解率。分解炉出口温度的高低，代表着入窑分解率的高低。分解率低则窑系统热负荷增加，严重者导致窜生；分解率高则液相提前出现，致使分解炉、旋风筒内容易结皮黏挂，严重者造成系统堵塞。合理控制分解炉出口温度是工艺生产的关键。根据当前实时工况，采用实时优化技术来推荐分解炉出口温度最佳设定值，满足水泥生产的工艺要求，具有重要的意义。     

悬浮状态下磷石膏分解规律的研究

在对分散态磷石膏分解反应动力学研究的基础上，根据悬浮态分解反应的试验结果，探讨了磷石膏物料的分解规律，进一步验证了分散态试验的研究结论，阐述了温度、气氛及物料的停留时间对分解过程的影响，对磷石膏分解反应器一分解炉的设计和操作，具有一定的指导意义。     

模糊控制技术在冀东水泥璧山公司分解炉上的应用

分解炉中的煅烧分解过程具有大滞后、非线性、强耦合的特性。手动或传统方法的控制使分解炉温度波动较大。通过分析分解炉煅烧过程的特性，设计出基于模糊控制技术的分解炉温度控制系统。实际应用表明，相比手动控制方式，该模糊控制系统可使分解炉温度波动控制在0.5%以内，同时降低了煤耗。     

三次风对RSP炉燃烧分解的影响

三次风对分解炉的煤粉燃烧、物料分解起着十分关键的作用。三次风量的大小、三次风温的高低往往能够决定分解炉乃至预分解窑产质量的好坏。根据我公司RSP分解炉的生产实践，要充分发挥RSP分解炉各部分的功能，提高产质量，就必须用好三次风。     

影响发泡剂H热分解的因素探讨

测试了发泡剂Ｈ在橡胶介质中的分解特性，发现影响发泡剂分解的主要因素有橡胶介质、发泡助剂和温度。发泡剂Ｈ在天然橡胶和乳液聚合的橡胶中的起始分解温度（Ｔｄ）较低，而在溶液聚合的橡胶中Ｔｄ较高；尿素能大大降低发泡剂Ｈ的分解温度，季戊四醇和硬脂酸锌也使发泡剂Ｈ的分解温度明显降低；温度越高，发泡剂Ｈ的分解越快。研究了发泡剂Ｈ的分解动力学，求出了发泡剂Ｈ的分解活化能。     

微生物分解油烟冷凝物试验研究

试验中采用微生物分解餐饮业油烟废气冷凝物，将大分子物质分解为二氧化碳、水和小分子物质，pH逐渐降低。经过微生物的分解后，黑色黏稠的油烟冷凝物被分解为无二次污染的小分子分解产物，从而为利用微生物治理油烟废气打下了基础。     

"四方联""烧成系统改造的特点

采用新型窑外分解技术改造已经相对落后的泾阳型、邗江型、宝山型、立筒预热器窑及其它窑已经成为一种趋势。在这一改造过程中，北京四方联科技有限责任公司以赵静山窑外分解技术为核心，配套实施一系列专利技术形成了一套先进、可靠、完整、独具特色的“四方联方案”。一、窑尾预分解系统１．RSF分解炉分解炉是预分解系统的核心设备。RSF分解炉设计采用合理的长径比和充分的容积，使得从炉底部喂入的煤充分燃烧和料在炉内进行混合分解。炉内燃烧稳定，没有局部高温，不易发生粘结，分解完全充分。不会有未燃烧的成分进入最下一级旋风筒…     

PSMC预热器分解炉的设计及运行

预热器分解炉是水泥新型干法生产线最重要设备之一，也是水泥新型干法预分解生产线的核心和标志设备。RSP预热器分解炉是众多预热器分解炉中极具特色的一种，其具有燃料燃烧速度快、燃烧完全、入窑生料分解率高、结皮堵塞现象少等优点，但原型的RSP预热器分解炉系统也存在一些缺点，如系统较复杂、系统阻力较大等。合肥院的工程研究人员通过20多年的研究和实践．完成了对RSP预热器分解炉的技术改进．改进后的RSP预热器分解炉称为PSMC预热器分解炉，实施后取得了较佳的运行效果。     

氢氧化铝微粉生产过程中晶种分解的研究

晶种分解是种分法生产氢氧化铝微粉的工序，介绍了控制铝酸钠精制液的分解温度、分解时间、搅拌强度等条件并添加特制的高活性晶种做晶种生产优质氢氧化铝微粉的生产过程，并通过对几个月的生产跟踪分析研究，得出氢氧化铝微粉的晶种分解主要与晶种的质量和数量、分解温度、分解时间及搅拌强度等因素有关，这对于进一步完善氢氧化铝微粉的生产工艺起到很大的作用。     

Gasification of wood chips

The gasification of wood chips in a steam-air blast is considered. The expected gas properties are calculated when using a steam-oxygen blast. The yield and composition of generator gas, the degree of steam decomposition, and the efficiency of gasification are determined. Applications are identified for the gas produced.     

Gas analysis of the CVD process for high yield growth of carbon nanotubes over metal-supported catalysts

Changes in the gas composition during the methane chemical vapor deposition growth of single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes over metal-supported MgO catalysts were investigated in an attempt to increase the nanotube yield. Monitoring the gas composition by gas chromatography as a function of the reaction time provides information on the activity and lifetime of the catalyst. The degree of methane decomposition, i.e., the C-H bond dissociation, was closely related to the nanotube yield, and the Fe-Mo binary catalyst exhibited a high activity. The effects of water vapor on the catalytic nanotube growth were also studied by introducing water vapor in the inlet gas. An appropriate amount of water prolonged the lifetime of the catalyst and increased the nanotube yield by 35%.     

Thermo-catalytic decomposition of waste lubricating oil over carbon catalyst

The thermo-catalytic decomposition of waste lubricating oil over a carbon catalyst was investigated in an I.D. of 14.5mm and length of 640mm quartz tube reactor. The carbon catalysts were activated carbon and rubber grade carbon blacks. The decomposition products of waste lubricating oil were hydrogen, methane, and ethylene in a gas phase, carbon in a solid phase and naphthalene in a liquid phase occurring within the temperature ranges of 700 °C-850 °C. The thermo-catalytic decomposition showed higher hydrogen yield and lower methane yield than that of a non-catalytic decomposition. The carbon black catalyst showed higher hydrogen yield than the activated carbon catalyst and maintained constant catalytic activity for hydrogen production, while activated carbon catalyst showed a deactivation in catalytic activity for hydrogen production. As the operating temperature increased from 700 °C to 800 °C, the hydrogen yield increased and was particularly higher with carbon black catalyst than activated carbon. As a result, carbon black catalyst was found to be an effective catalyst for the decomposition of waste lubricating oil into valuable chemicals such as hydrogen and methane.     

Thermal decomposition products of polyvinyl chloride

When plastics are involved in a fire they may yield toxic decomposition products. Some quantitative data on the decomposition products of plastics are available in the literature, but it is difficult to assess the danger from the different amounts of various products because of the absence of a suitable method of evaluation. The authors have proposed a method of evaluation based on pyrolysis followed by gas chromatographic analysis and have used it to assess toxicity from various thermal decomposition products of polyvinyl chloride. Hydrogen chloride was found to be the main toxic decomposition product.     

Quantification of carbonyls produced by the decomposition of hydroperoxides

Carbonyls produced by the decomposition of cyclohexene hydroperoxide and various hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids and their methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography of the 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazones. The effect of temperature, iron and copper ions, ethanol and several antioxidants on the rate of decomposition, the nature of the products and their yield was observed. The hydroperoxides of methyl esters decomposed more slowly than those of free fatty acids. Ethanol slowed, and metal ions accelerated the rates of decomposition. Metal ions, especially copper, increased the yield and complexity of the carbonyls formed, but ethanol decreased carbonyl yields. Antioxidants and decomposition temperatures changed the relative yields of carbonyls produced. The 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic acid gave similar carbonyls, but those of linolenic acid did not. The carbonyl mixtures produced from autoxidized fatty acid methyl esters were more complex than those produced from lipoxygenase-treated fatty acids.     

Products of Coal Pyrolysis

Solid, liquid, and gaseous products of the pyrolytic decomposition of coal are studied. Analysis of the gas composition shows that most gas is formed at 600–900°C. The calorific value of the gas is greatest at 500°C, on account of the high concentration of methane and heavy hydrocarbons. The results for the liquid products show that, with increase in temperature, the yield of phenols decreases, while the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increases.     

胜利褐煤负载镍生物质气化催化剂实验研究

为获得较低温度下生物质焦油高效裂解气化的廉价型催化剂,基于褐煤富含含氧官能团特点,通过离子交换法将镍负载到胜利褐煤上制备褐煤负载镍催化剂(Ni/SLC)。研究了溶液p H值和炭化温度对催化剂物理化学性质的影响,得到Ni/SLC催化剂最佳制备条件,最后在两段式移动床石英反应器中将催化剂用于玉米芯挥发分的催化气化,研究了催化剂对生成气产量和碳平衡的影响。结果表明:p H值为11,炭化温度为650℃时制备的Ni/SLC比表面积最大达到266.3 m2/g,镍微晶尺寸较小为5.0 nm。催化气化实验表明:650℃下Ni/SLC催化剂具有高的焦油裂解活性,气体产量高达43.9 mmol/g,相当于无催化实验气体总产量的3.3倍;水蒸气气化可将热解焦油完全气化,气体产量为85.1 mmol/g,H2产量高达61.9 mmol/g,占气体总量的72.7%,说明Ni/SLC催化剂可作为生物质催化气化制氢的潜在催化剂。     

鲍尔环在烟道气酚盐分解制取粗酚中的应用

通过对烟道气酚盐分解制取粗酚工艺中分解塔填料类型的探索及实践运行,证明不锈钢鲍尔环比塑料花环填料及轻瓷材质填料更适合该工艺条件。应用不锈钢鲍尔环,避免了分解塔发生堵塞事故,同时提高了粗酚收率。     

Influence of mineral matter on biomass pyrolysis characteristics

Studies on wood and twelve other types of biomass showed that in general, deashing increased the volatile yield, initial decomposition temperature and rate of pyrolysis. However, coir pith, groundnut shell and rice husk showed an increase in char yield on deashing, which is attributed to their high lignin, potassium and zinc contents. These results were supported by studies on salt-impregnated, acid-soaked and synthetic biomass. A correlation was developed to predict the influence of ash on volatile yield. On deashing, liquid yield increased and gas yield decreased for all the biomass studied. The active surface area increased on deashing. The heating value of the liquid increased, whereas the increase in char heating value was only marginal.     

Preparation of carbon nanofibers from electrocracking gas on an iron oxide catalyst

The results of studies on the preparation of carbon nanofibers from electrocracking gas (obtained by the decomposition of a diesel fraction (180–350°C) in electric discharges) on an iron oxide catalyst are presented. The effect of synthesis conditions on the yield and characteristics of the resulting nanofibers was demonstrated.