首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
利用Abaqus软件建立航空子午线轮胎三维有限元模型,研究航空轮胎冲击地面瞬间橡胶基体和骨架材料的等效应力。结果表明:轮胎冲击地面时,轮胎与轮辋接触部位受力大于轮胎与地面接触部位,更容易发生疲劳失效;骨架材料中带束层帘布等效应力最大,是主要承载部件,冠带层等效应力较小,主要吸收胎面方向的冲击;胎面胶和带束层在胎肩部位出现等效应力峰值,胎面接地中心区域出现低应力区。  相似文献   

2.
赵国群  程钢  管延锦 《弹性体》2004,14(1):35-38
根据轮胎的几何非线性、材料非线性和橡胶-帘线复合材料的各向异性以及轮胎接触非线性,采用三维非线性有限元法时195/60R14规格子午线轮胎在不同带束层角度情况下的应力分布进行了计算分析,得出轮胎与地面接触过程中轮胎的变形情况、载荷-变形关系、带束层及胎体应力分布等结果,为轮胎结构参数的优化设计提供了有效的指导。  相似文献   

3.
带束层对子午线轮胎均匀性影响的有限元分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以ANSYS通用分析软件为工具,以载重子午线轮胎9.00R20为例,采用层、体和接触单元建立子午线轮胎的三维有限元模型。分析在静态条件下子午线轮胎带束层厚度变化、左右偏移量以及局部密度变化对轮胎径向力波动和侧向力波动的影响。结果表明,在一定充气压力和下沉量下,轮胎径向力随带束层厚度增大单调增大;侧向力随带束层偏移量变化具有方向性,其绝对值单调改变;径向力及侧向力基本不受带束层局部密度变化的影响。  相似文献   

4.
建立了全地面起重机用385/95R25工程机械轮胎带花纹轮胎有限元模型,在验证了模型准确性的基础上分析轮胎在不同特征路面(平面路、横向凸台和纵向凸台)上的力学性能。轮胎充气外缘尺寸和接地数据有限元仿真结果与实测结果一致,表明有限元模型准确、可靠。有限元仿真结果表明:胎肩部位的应力集中于2# 带束层端点,应变极值也在此处,横向凸台条件下应力和应变较大;横向凸台条件下,1# 带束层帘线张力明显增大,胎体帘线张力在凸台接触区域减小;纵向凸台条件下,1# 带束层端点近纵向凸台的接触区域的帘线张力增大,胎体帘线张力变化不大;轮胎的包络刚度约为3 000 N·mm-1 ;轮胎在破坏案例中的极限撕裂能为672 J,撕裂能指标对于配方设计有重要的参考意义。  相似文献   

5.
采用Abaqus有限元分析软件,研究芳纶纤维在子午线轮胎带束层和冠带层中的应用效果。结果表明:轮胎带束层采用芳纶纤维,第1和第2带束层轴向、横向对称面内周向应力以及带束层端点周向应力均有不同程度下降,提高了轮胎强度和承载能力;冠带层采用芳纶纤维,轴向接地中心线上冠带层肩部应力显著降低,冠带层端点周向应力大幅减小,应力分布均匀性显著提高,能够降低轮胎骨架材料端点破坏的可能性。  相似文献   

6.
根据轮胎材料非线性、接触非线性以及大变形等复杂的力学特性,利用加强筋单元描述钢丝帘线-橡胶复合材料,建立了10.00 R 20全钢载重子午线轮胎的三维非线性有限元模型.借助有限元分析软件MSC.MARC,分析了轮胎在充气压力、垂直载荷以及稳态滚动下各带束层中的应力分布情况.结果表明:在这3种工作状况下,各带束层中的应力分布和大小发生了较大变化;给出了带束层应力在此3种情况下的变化规律.  相似文献   

7.
基于Abaqus软件建立轮胎有限元模型,对305/75R24. 5全钢载重子午线轮胎的充气外缘尺寸、胎肩应力分布、带束层应力分布、胎圈与轮辋接触应力分布进行预测分析。有限元仿真结果表明:轮胎的充气外缘尺寸符合国家标准要求,静负荷状态下沉率满足轮胎的整体刚度要求;胎肩应力最大处位于3~#带束层端部;在充气和静负荷状态下,2~#带束层的应力均小于3~#带束层;胎圈与轮辋过盈配合处及其周围应力较大。  相似文献   

8.
李利  王瑞  党栋  王振鲁 《弹性体》2014,(4):19-23
使用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,考虑了轮胎材料的非线性、接触非线性及轮胎结构非线性等因素,建立了195/65R15半钢子午线轮胎三维有限元分析模型。探讨充气工况和静负载工况下轮胎及轮胎骨架材料带束层受力变形的情况,并对带束层不同部位帘线的受力及胎肩部位变形情况进行了分析。结果表明,带束层帘线径向受力分布与轮胎接地区域应力分布相似,按照中心轴线对称分布,最大值出现在胎肩位置,约为142N;通过带束层帘线在胎肩部位变形分析可知,帘线在胎肩部位最大周向变形量约为16mm。  相似文献   

9.
以12.00R20全钢载重子午线轮胎为研究对象,基于Abaqus软件和组合模型技术建立带复杂胎面花纹的轮胎全局模型,然后基于子模型技术建立带束层部分的三维精细网格模型进行有限元分析。结果表明:静负荷工况下,由全局模型与子模型计算得到的应力场比较一致,且Mises应力最大值均出现在胎体帘布层。自由滚动工况下,两层带束层帘线Mises应力分布非常不均匀,但基本关于中分面对称;第2带束层Mises应力高于第1带束层,且各带束层在胎冠部位Mises应力整体高于胎侧部位;胎冠部位两层带束层Mises应力分布变化不大,胎肩部位Mises应力增大,胎侧部位Mises应力减小;第1和第2带束层帘线Mises应力分布关于中分面的对称情况刚好相反。  相似文献   

10.
以有限元分析软件为工具,对4个具有不同带束层角度的设计方案进行了分析,重点考察了带束层角度对轿车子午线轮胎变形、带束层、冠带层的应变能密度、正应力、剪应力的影响,同时还讨论了带束层角度对轮胎偏磨的影响及编磨产生的机理。  相似文献   

11.
Females of severalAttagenus species demonstrated calling behaviors similar to those previously reported forA. elongatulus. Attagenus rufipennis females did not call until they were 12–14 days old. OtherAttagenus species called at approx. 4 days of age. All species exhibited diurnal periods of calling activity. Interspecific pheromone responses were tested, withA. megatoma megatoma, A. megatoma canadensis, A. megatoma japonicus, andA. schaefferi spurcus showing equal cross-responses. Male response to females was demonstrated inA. rufipennis andA. bicolor. Attagenus rufipennis, bicolor, andelongatulus males responded only to female extracts of their own species.Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA.  相似文献   

12.
Detection of weakened hosts from a distance by bark beetles through olfaction was investigated in field experiments. No significant numbers of Scolytidae were attracted to anaerobically treated pine bolts, stem disks, or sugar and ponderosa pine bark including phloem. Treatment of living trees with cacodylic acid induced attacks byDendroctonus brevicomis, D. ponderosae, Ips latidens, Gnathotrichus retusus, andPityophthorus scalptor, beginning two weeks after treatment. There was no significant difference between landing rates ofD. brevicomis andD. ponderosae on screened treated trees and screened controls. There was a significant increase in landing rates ofG. retusus andI. latidens, because both species had penetrated the screen and produced pheromones. Tree frilling alone did not increase the landing rate of bark beetles. Freezing of the lower trunk with dry ice did not increase significantly the landing rate ofD. brevicomis, D. ponderosae, G. retusus, orI. latidens on screened trees, whereas unscreened frozen trees were attacked by all four species. There was no significantly higher landing rate byD. brevicomis, D. ponderosae, I. paraconfusus, I. latidens, G. retusus, orHylurgops subcostulatus on screened trees evidencing symptoms of severe infection by the root pathogenVerticicladiella wagenerii, than on symptornless trees. These experiments show thatD. brevicomis, D. ponderosae, I. paraconfusus, I. latidens, andG. retusus land, apparently indiscriminately, on healthy and stressed hosts. Thus, in these species host discrimination must occur after landing and prior to sustained feeding.These studies were supported in part by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Services (2598-RRF.W-1 10) and the National Science Foundation and Environmental Protection Agency through a grant (NSF GB-34719/BM575-04223) to the University of California; and by the Canada Department of the Environment. The findings, opinions and recommendations are not necessarily those of the University of California or the funding agencies.From a thesis submitted by H.A. Moeck to the University of California, Berkeley, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology.  相似文献   

13.
Olfactory-mediated behavioral interactions were investigated among the five scolytid species comprising the southern pine bark beetle group. Behavioral response, as determined from field trap catch data, showed that each species was attracted in greatest numbers to the pheromonal blend produced by conspecifies. Interspecifically,D. frontalis displayed no cross-attractancy toIps pheromonal blends, but was weakly attracted to the pheromonal blend of femaleD. terebrans. ThreeIps species displayed varying degrees of cross-attraction as well as to theDendroctonus pheromonal blends. More specifically,I. calligraphus was attracted toI. avulsus and, to a very limited extent, also to the maleD. terebrans pheromonal blend.I. avulsus was somewhat more cross-attractive thanI. calligraphus and showed attraction to the pheromonal blends of femaleD. frontalis, male and femaleD. terebrans, maleI. calligraphus, and maleI. grandicollis. I. grandicollis showed the greatest degree of cross-attraction, particularly in response to theDendroctonus pheromonal blends.Research support in part by CSRS grant 86-CRCR-1-2270, NATO grant CRG.0710/86 and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station project MS1525 (while M.T.S. and T.L.P. were with Texas A&M University). The findings, opinions, and recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.  相似文献   

14.
Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.  相似文献   

15.
The effect of aphid population size on host-plant chemical defense expression and the effect of plant defense on aphid population dynamics were investigated in a milkweed-specialist herbivore system. Density effects of the aposematic oleander aphid, Aphis nerii, on cardenolide expression were measured in two milkweed species, Asclepias curassavica and A. incarnata. These plants vary in constitutive chemical investment with high mean cardenolide concentration in A. curassavica and low to zero in A. incarnata. The second objective was to determine whether cardenolide expression in these two host plants impacts mean A. nerii colony biomass (mg) and density. Cardenolide concentration (microgram/g) of A. curassavica in both aphid-treated leaves and opposite, herbivore-free leaves decreased initially in comparison with aphid-free controls, and then increased significantly with A. nerii density. Thus, A. curassavica responds to aphid herbivory initially with density-dependent phytochemical reduction, followed by induction of cardenolides to concentrations above aphid-free controls. In addition, mean cardenolide concentration of aphid-treated leaves was significantly higher than that of opposite, herbivore-free leaves. Therefore, A. curassavica induction is strongest in herbivore-damage tissue. Conversely, A. incarnata exhibited no such chemical response to aphid herbivory. Furthermore, neither host plant responded chemically to herbivore feeding duration time (days) or to the interaction between herbivore initial density and feeding duration time. There were also no significant differences in mean colony biomass or population density of A. nerii reared on high cardenolide (A. curassavica) and low cardenolide (A. incarnata) hosts.  相似文献   

16.
Three species ofIps pine bark beetles in Hopping's group IX (S.L. Wood'sgrandicollis group),Ips confusus, I. lecontei, andI. paraconfusus, are parapatrically distributed in the American Southwest. They share post-Pleistocene altitudinal ecotones with their host pines. Adjacent to these areas of host overlap, we tested the hypothesis that aggregation pheromones produced by male beetles and/or host volatiles are sufficient to elicit the speciesspecific colonization behaviors typical of these threeIps species in nature. A more distantly related species,I. pini (Hopping's group IV, S.L. Wood'spini group) was used for outgroup comparison. Under the influence of pheromone, males ofI. confusus andI. paraconfusus do not discern among unin-fested log bolts of host and nonhost pine prior to bark contact. Males responding to pheromones emanating from infested bolts are similarly undiscriminating. Females ofI. confusus andI. lecontei olfactorily discern the combination of conspecific males in host pine from other possible beetlepine combinations; females ofI. paraconfusus do not. FemaleI. pini discerned conspecific pheromone from that ofI. lecontei. The bark beetle predator,Enoclerus lecontei, is attracted by, but does not discriminate among, the male-produced volatiles of these Group IXIps species. These results support a hypothesis that divergence in pheromonal responses by these group IXIps species has evolved following their speciation, having been manifested first in the female sex. Evolutionarily, the derived pheromonal messages have preceded their behavioral discrimination by these beetles. Additional speciesspecific cues may operate between the sexes in the field that may preclude heterospecific pairings.  相似文献   

17.
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.  相似文献   

18.
Ponderosa pine logs infested withIps paraconfusus males inhibited the attraction ofDendroctonus brevicomis in the field to either attractive logs cut from a ponderosa pine tree under attack byD. brevicomis or to their synthetic pheromones,exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Logs cut from trees under attack byD. brevicomis inhibited the response ofI. paraconfusus to logs infested with maleI. paraconfusus.Exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene did not inhibit their response but verbenone did. Verbenone was found in maleD. brevicomis dissected from attractive logs under attack during the same time the response ofI. paraconfusus was inhibited by these logs.Trans-verbenol andexo-brevicomin were found in femaleD. brevicomis while verbenone,trans-verbenol, and frontalin were found in maleD. brevicomis in relatively large amounts near the beginning of the aggregation phase of host colonization. All of these compounds had decreased at a similar rate 5 days later. This gradual decrease inexo-brevicomin and frontalin probably caused the observed reduction in attraction. The ecological significance of these compounds in relation to termination of the aggregation phase ofD. brevicomis and reduction of interspecific competition is discussed.Coleoptera: Scolytidae. This paper is based in part upon a dissertation submitted by J.A.B. to the University of California, Berkeley, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD in entomology. These studies were supported in part by the Rockefeller Foundation; U.S. Forest Service; Regional research Project W-110, S.E.A./ U.S.D.A.; and the National Science Foundation and Environmental Protection Agency through a grant (NSF GB-34719/BMS 75-04223) to the University of California.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of glandular trichome/methyl ketone (2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone) -based insect resistance in the wild tomato,Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum C.H. Mull, accession PI 134417, onArchytas marmoratus (Townsend) andEucelatoria bryani (Sabrosky) (Diptera: Tachinidae), both parasitoids ofHelicoverpa (=Heliothis)zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated in the laboratory.A. marmoratus deposits larvae (planidia) on the foliage of its host's food plant; planidia attach to passing hosts, penetrate the cuticle, and develop in the host pupae.E. bryani larviposits directly into its host; its larvae develop in the host larva.A. marmoratus planidia are killed by glandular trichomes of PI 134417 and also by trichomes of hybrid lines with no methyl ketones. The methyl ketones are toxic to planidia, but at least part of the effect is due to other factors, possibly physical entanglement. Both species can be affected indirectly by methyl ketones in the diet of the host. 2-Undecanone reduces the percentage ofA. marmoratus larvae that reach pupation. This effect is evidently due to premature death and desiccation of the host pupa caused by 2-undecanone. 2-Tridecanone in host diets had no effect onA. marmoratus. InE. bryani, 2-tridecanone in the diet of the host reduced the number of parasitoids yielded by each parasitized host, although not the overall percentage of hosts parasitized. 2-Undecanone in the diet of the host had no effect onE. bryani.We thank M. Woodall for typing; V.B. Covington, D. Bumgarner, and B. O'Brien for technical assistance; L.A. Jones for assistance with gas chromatography; P.H. Adler for supplyingE. bryani puparia to initiate colony; and Drs. F. Gould, G.C. Rock, and M. Barbercheck for comments.  相似文献   

20.
Hypselodoris nudibranchs from different geographic areas (Spain and Italy) have been studied in order to investigate their general defensive strategy. Longifolin (1) and nakafuran-9 (2) are the main ichthyodeterrent allomones used by the mollusks to avoid predation. Evidence of their dietary origin is presented and the very effective strategy against predators, which includes secretion of allomones into the mucus and their storage into specific mantle dermal formations (MDFs), is also discussed.F.P.I.-M.E.C. Spanish fellowship (University of Barcelona) at the I.C.M.I.B.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号