再生石墨增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能和电学性能研究

水泥的水化过程复杂,生成的产物也较复杂,因此其微观结构难以控制,水泥基复合材料的力学性能和电学性能较差。为了改善水泥基复合材料的力学性能和电学性能,采用搅拌的方式将再生石墨粉加入到水泥砂浆中,最终制得再生石墨-水泥基复合材料。通过对再生石墨-水泥基复合材料的抗折强度、抗压强度以及电阻率的测试,发现掺入适当的再生石墨,可以增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能和电学性能。     

废旧锂离子电池负极石墨循环再生的研究进展

锂离子电池使用6～8年后,其容量会出现一定程度的衰减,从而产生大量废弃物。负极石墨在电池中质量分数占比为12%～21%,对其回收利用有利于保护环境和发展经济。针对废旧锂离子电池负极石墨再生为电池级石墨的方法展开综述,主要介绍了浸出煅烧组合、石墨表面涂覆、制备复合材料和杂原子掺杂的方法,并在能耗、电化学性能等方面做了简要比较。目前,在众多再循环方向中,将废旧石墨再生为电池级石墨是最合适的路径,而且能从根源上解决负极材料的再生问题。在此基础上,未来应开发更加高效环保的浸出剂,寻求多路径的低温煅烧方法,尝试其他高容量负极材料与废旧石墨复合或者石墨表面的低成本涂层,加强杂原子在石墨中掺杂机理的研究。     

石墨-水泥基复合材料的制备与性能

为提高水泥基材料的抗电磁干扰性能,制备了石墨-水泥基复合材料,测试了材料的电阻率、电磁屏蔽效能和力学性能.结果表明:对石墨-水泥基复合材料,在一定范围内,随掺入的石墨质量分数(下同)的增加,材料电阻率呈下降趋势.石墨掺入量为5%～10%时复合材料电阻率下降非常明显,超过15%以后,电阻率变化已不太明显;随着石墨掺量的增加,复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能也逐渐增大,石墨掺入量为15%时达到最大值,而抗折强度及抗压强度则随着石墨掺入量的增加有所下降.     

煤系腐植酸基炭/葡萄糖/石墨复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用石墨化炉对腐植酸进行石墨化处理,以腐植酸基石墨化材料为原料,葡萄糖和片状石墨为中间相,经高温(750℃)炭化处理制备煤系腐植酸基炭/葡萄糖/石墨复合材料;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)法和电化学测试系统对该材料的形貌、微晶结构和电化学性能进行表征.结果表明:片状石墨分散在腐植酸基石墨化材料周围,且被无定型炭包覆.C-C-2复合材料作为锂离子电池的负极材料,具有较高的比容量,在0.1C倍率下的首次可逆比容量为307.3mA·h/g,首次库仑效率为76.3%;在1C和2C倍率下,50个充放电循环后,可逆比容量分别为283.3mA·h/g和152.2mA·h/g,容量保持率分别高达97.9%和97.5%;具有良好的循环稳定性及大倍率性能.     

改性石墨用于锂离子电池负极

石墨可用于锂离子电池负极材料，其改性方面的研究主要有：石墨的还原、氧化、表面包膜以及物理法处理。这些方法可以改变石墨的电子状态及表面结构，能够提高石墨的性能。本文介绍了改性石墨用于锂离子电池负极的研究概况。     

LiFePO_4/C复合材料的制备和性能

采用高温固相合成法二次灼烧工艺制备锂离子电池正极复合材料LiFePO4/C。经300℃和650℃二次灼烧,得到了从纳米到亚微米尺寸的LiFePO4和LiFePO4/C复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,所得到的LiFePO4和LiFePO4/C样品具有单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,且具高纯度。在多种碳源(如乙炔黑、Vulcan XC-72碳黑、鳞状石墨、各向异性石墨和葡萄糖)制备的LiFePO4/C复合材料中,以葡萄糖为碳源合成的样品具有最好的电化学性能。在电池工作温度由室温提高到40℃时,由于复合材料的电子电导率增大和锂离子在材料中的扩散速度加快,电池的充放电循环性能明显提高。     

锂离子电池石墨负极材料的改性研究进展

石墨类碳负极材料作为电化学嵌锂宿主材料的研究一直是锂离子电池负极材料研究的重点。本文简述了石墨作为锂离子电池负极材料的结构,分析了石墨作为负极材料的优缺点,综述了石墨负极材料的改性方法及其研究进展,指出了石墨改性的发展方向。通过改性处理可以提高可逆比容量和首次库仑效率,改善其倍率性能和循环稳定性,有效改善石墨电极的综合电化学性能。     

新型AB5型氧化合金/碳复合材料作为锂离子电池负极性能研究

对回收的废旧镍氢(MH-Ni)电池负极材料AB5型储氢合金进行改性再利用,经过高温氧化处理和添加改性石墨制成复合材料后,用于高性能锂离子电池负极材料.通过X射线衍射(XBD)和电子显微镜(SEM)对材料进行了简单表征,采用恒电流充放电仪对材料进行电化学性能测试.实验结果表明,所制得的AB5型氧化合金/碳复合材料的首次充...     

高密度聚乙烯/石墨导电复合材料的制备及研究

采用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体材料,石墨为导电填料,通过物理共混法制备其导电复合材料。对不同石墨添加量的导电复合材料力学性能、热性能和导电性能进行测定,分析了石墨对其复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,不同石墨添加量的复合材料均具有良好的力学性能;石墨填料能够同时改善复合材料的导热性能和热稳定性;石墨能够降低HDPE基复合材料的电阻率,改善材料导电性。     

碳纳米管和石墨烯在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

碳纳米管和石墨烯因其优异的电化学性能在锂离子电池中具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了碳纳米管和石墨烯两种材料在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用研究,尤其是碳纳米管和石墨烯与硅、金属氧化物复合成高容量的电极材料具有很高的实用价值。     

废旧三元锂离子电池回收技术研究新进展

随着锂离子电池产业的发展，退役三元锂离子电池带来的环境污染和资源浪费问题日益严重。数量庞大的废旧三元锂电池材料蕴含丰富的锂、镍、钴等有价元素，潜在资源量巨大，回收经济价值高，系统地开展废旧三元锂电池材料的回收及再生技术，将有助于防治废旧电池污染、缓解镍钴锂资源短缺压力，促进我国锂电池产业的良性发展。本文介绍了废旧三元锂离子电池中正极、负极材料、电解液回收的研究现状，主要包括正极材料的预处理、酸浸、碱浸出与材料再生、石墨和铜箔回收、电解液回收，着重介绍现阶段材料的制备方法和工艺，简要比较了各种工艺路线的优缺点，探讨了当前废旧三元锂离子电池回收存在的关键共性问题，并提出绿色环保、短流程、低成本、自动化的废旧三元锂离子电池回收利用发展思路。     

废锂离子电池负极活性材料的分析测试

目前关于废锂离子电池资源化的研究主要集中在正极贵金属和负极铜材料的分离回收和精制方面,但对负极活性材料的资源化研究很少。本文采用XRD、SEM、GC-MS、ICP-AES等检测手段对废锂离子电池负极活性材料中石墨的结构、有机物的种类以及Li、Gu等金属的含量进行测试分析。结果显示,其主要组分石墨的本体结构基本无变化,仍保持完整的层状结构,但是其中含有一定量的有机物质,如有机电解质及增塑剂等。经过提纯,可以将其作为石墨原料进行资源化再利用;此外,稀有金属Li含量较高,为31.03 mg/g,分离回收的价值较高。     

Electrochemical properties of nanosize Sn-coated graphite anodes in lithium-ion cells

A series of Sn-coated graphite composite materials for lithium-ion batteries were prepared by microencapsulating nanosize Sn particles in graphite. The nanosize Sn particles are homogeneously dispersed in the graphite matrix via electroless chemical reduction. The tin-graphite composite showed a great improvement in lithium storage capacity. Since Sn is an active element to lithium, Sn can react with lithium to form Li_4.4Sn alloys, a reaction accompanied by a dramatic volume increase, whereas the ductile graphite matrix provides a perfect buffer layer to absorb this volume expansion. Therefore, the integrity of the composite electrode is preserved during lithium insertion and extraction. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to identify the reaction process involved in lithium insertion and extraction in the graphite structure, as well as lithium alloying with tin. The tin-graphite composites provide a new type of anode material for lithium-ion batteries with an increased capacity.     

钒酸镍锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外关于钒酸镍材料的合成方法、结构性质以及应用于锂离子电池新型负极材料的研究进展。钒酸镍(Ni3V2O8、NiV3O8等)电极材料具有成本低、环境友好、比容量高、倍率性能优异等优点,但其在充放电过程中体积的巨大变化、电导性差以及比表面积低等问题严重影响了其规模化应用。该文从三个方面阐述了近年来通过电极材料微纳米化、复合化、表面包覆等手段有针对性的进行钒酸镍电极材料改性的研究进展,积极探索了高性能钒酸镍材料的合成方法,展望了今后重点开展的研究方向,对于钒酸镍材料的广泛应用具有一定的学术价值和实用意义。     

Characterization of silicon- and carbon-based composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries

In recent years development of active materials for negative electrodes has been of great interest. Special attention has been focused on the active materials possessing higher reversible capacity than that of conventional graphite. In the present work the electrochemical performance of some carbon/silicon-based materials has been analyzed. For this purpose various silicon-based composites were prepared using such carbon materials as graphite, hard carbon and graphitized carbon black. An analysis of charging-discharging processes at electrodes based on different carbon materials has shown that graphite modified with silicon is the most promising anode material. It has also been revealed that the irreversible capacity mainly depends on the content of Si. An optimum content of Si has been determined with taking into account that high irreversible capacity is not suitable for practical application in lithium-ion batteries. This content falls within the range of 8-10 wt%.The reversible capacity of graphite modified with 8 wt% carbon-coated Si was as high as 604 mAh g⁻¹. The irreversible capacity loss with this material was as low as 8.1%. The small irreversible capacity of the material allowed developing full lithium-ion rechargeable cells in the 2016 coin cell configuration. Lithium-ion batteries based on graphite modified with silicon show gravimetric and volumetric specific energy densities which are higher by approximately 20% than those for a lithium-ion battery based on natural graphite.     

Electrochemical Insertion of Lithium into Graphite–Zinc Composites

Metal-based composites are currently under investigation as possible negative-electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries. We present here a new composite material composed of zinc particles deposited mainly onto graphite surfaces. This Zn/graphite composite was prepared by reduction of zinc chloride ZnCl₂ by a KC₈ graphite intercalation compound in tetrahydrofuran. Electrochemical insertion of lithium occurs both in graphite and in zinc. A stable specific charge of 355 mAh g^–1 is obtained starting from the third charge/discharge cycle. As in Sb/graphite composites prepared by the same technique, the stabilizing role of graphite against metal fragmentation and pulverization is demonstrated.     

锂离子电池纳米正极材料合成方法研究进展

纳米材料具有独特的物理和化学性质。纳米技术的应用为开发高能量和高功率的锂离子电池多元化发展提供了方向,成为锂离子电池电极材料发展的重要途径。本文介绍了纳米级锂离子电池正极材料的各种合成方法及电化学性能,如：固相法喷雾干燥法、微波合成法、溶胶凝胶法、冷冻干燥法等,指出电极材料纳米化应用中的问题并给出建议,展望了纳米正极材料实用化的美好前景。     

低共熔溶剂在废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收中的研究进展

大规模储能与电动汽车市场的发展壮大对锂离子电池的需求水涨船高,由此产生的废旧锂离子电池数量也即将迎来爆发式增长。废旧锂离子电池正极材料蕴含丰富的锂、钴、镍、锰等有价金属元素,回收经济价值高,环境效益显著。低共熔溶剂（DESs）作为一种绿色溶剂,在废旧锂离子电池有价金属元素回收方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文在简要介绍DESs性质及应用的基础上,系统综述了DESs在废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收链中的研究现状,主要包括正极材料的分离、活性物质的浸出以及有价金属的提取,着重介绍了现阶段回收的方法及工艺流程,比较了不同DESs浸出正极活性物质的优缺点,探讨了当前DESs在废旧锂离子电池回收中的共性问题,并展望了未来DESs回收锂离子电池的发展方向。     

New graphite-antimony composites as anodic materials for lithium-ion batteries.: Preparation, characterisation and electrochemical performance

Antimony-based graphite composite has been studied as a potential material for negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. This material has been synthesised by antimony pentachloride intercalated graphite compound reduction using an original method consisting in the use of activated sodium hydride as reducing agent in tetrahydrofuran. The composites have been characterised by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Graphite deintercalated and antimony nanoparticles embedded in organic matrix have been observed. The electrochemical properties of this new material as lithium-ion anode have been investigated. The obtained results highlight not only the leading role of the particle size of the active material but also the influence of a stabilising organic matrix. In our case, volume changes generally occurring during insertion/extraction of lithium into/from metallic host material, which lead to rapid disintegration and deterioration of Li-alloy electrode seem to be avoided. Indeed the presence of the matrix and the conductivity of graphite work in unison to prevent antimony nanoparticles against agglomeration and lead to a good cycling stability of such composite systems.     

Nano-porous Si/C composites for anode material of lithium-ion batteries

Nano-porous silicon composite incorporated with graphite and pyrolyzed carbon was synthesized and investigated as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The nano-porous Si/graphite composite was prepared via two-step ball-milling followed by etching process. Then carbon was incorporated by using different approaches. The nano-porous Si/graphite/C composite exhibits a reversible capacity of about 700 mAh/g with no capacity loss up to the 120th cycle at a constant current density of 0.2 mA/cm². The superior electrochemical characteristics are attributed to the nanosized pores in Si particles, which suppress the volume effect, and buffering action as well as excellent electronic and ionic conductivity of carbon materials.