硅质钢包内衬脱除层的研制与使用

以石英砂为主要原料，研制了一种硅质钢包内村脱除层。该脱除层用于铝镁浇注料整体浇注钢包内村时，可使包役期满的工作层顺利脱除；使永久层耐火材料得到保护；可节约耐火材料１．６２ｋｇ／ｔ钢。     

钢包寿命的提高及耐火材料的改进

1钢包寿命的提高武进大众钢铁有限公司在钢包的砖型设计及操作实践上作了许多改动，使钢包寿命逐步得到提高。1996年初，钢包寿命仅有30次左右。随着砖型及耐火材料材质的改进，至1997年时钢包寿命稳定在60－65次以上。随着维护的加强及操作水平的提高，1998年又稳定提高至80－90次以上。1．l砖型的改进按照40try精炼炉尺寸特性等自身特点，对钢包砖型进行了重新设计。用原砖型砌筑的钢包沿高度方向共砌11层，其中10层为扇形砖，第11层为万能弧形砖，在使用过程中极易脱落，造成钢水从钢包上口耐火砖脱落处渗入，发生穿包等严重事故；改造后…     

降低钢包散热损失的研究

为了钢包保温,经过对钢包散热计算及对保温材料的研究发现,钢包衬应该采用四层材料砌筑,即在钢壳内表面涂层节能涂料,向内是10 mm的纳米绝热板,再向内是75 mm的高强纳微米隔热浇注料,再向内是工作层。渣线工作层采用低热导率的镁碳砖,熔池工作层采用刚玉-尖晶石质不烧砖。这种砌筑方式应用到120 t精炼钢包上,使得渣线处钢包壳温度约225℃,熔池钢包壳温度约200℃,包底壳温度约170℃。     

提高150t钢包包底冲击区使用寿命的生产实践

结合天津钢管公司150t钢包的使用环境,分析了影响钢包包底使用寿命的因素,制定了针对性的改进措施。通过优化包底铝镁尖晶石碳砖的材质、改进包底冲击区的砌筑方式、加强钢包运行过程中的维护、改变包底砖尺寸等措施,明显提高了钢包冲击区的使用寿命,降低了生产成本,提高了钢包运行的安全性。     

钢包复合反射绝热层的试验

基于微纳米传热学理论,研制开发了钢包包壳内表面 (1) 氧乙炔火焰热喷涂纳米Al2O3涂层,(2) 复合反射绝热板,(3) 喷/抹涂绝热防护层,取得了钢包外壁温度下降78~140℃以上、减小钢水温降、提高内衬温度等效果.     

钢包浇注料永久层的设计与应用

安钢第二炼钢厂钢包工作衬用浇注料的浇注方式为整体浇注 ,使用完后残余工作衬全部拆除。但钢包在使用过程中工作衬不同部位的损毁程度不同 ,损毁最快的部位一般为上渣线处。当工作衬因局部损坏而停用时 ,残余工作衬尤其是上渣线以下的包壁残余厚度仍较大 ,还可使用一段时间 ,而整个残余工作衬的拆除 ,既造成了浇注料的浪费 ,又增加了炼钢成本。针对这一状况 ,我们在钢包内壁设计了永久层 ,用高强度浇注料浇注而成 ,每次拆包时保留永久层 ,使之重复使用 ,效果较好。1　浇注料永久层的设计1.1　钢包衬的工作环境钢包内钢水温度为 16 0 0～ 17…     

新一代六铝酸钙质浇注料的研制与应用

针对钢包永久层用高铝质浇注料热导率较高、受温度影响大、厚度受容积限制的特点,以六铝酸钙骨料和细粉、Al₂O₃微粉为主要原料,以铝酸钙水泥为结合剂,研制了钢包永久层用六铝酸钙质浇注料。该浇注料在500、800、1 000℃时的热导率均在0.63 W·m^-1·K^-1左右,受温度变化影响小,隔热保温效果好;200 t钢包永久层采用六铝酸钙质浇注料配合绝热保温板使用后,钢包包壁外壳温度与原用高铝质浇注料永久层比较,温度平均降低30～50℃。预期通过骨料适度轻量化、减少用量及结构变化,可将六铝酸钙材料的成本降低20%～35%,同时钢水温降减少,可大幅降低钢厂的生产成本。     

40t钢包穿包原因分析与改进

从原料质量、内衬浇注施工、养护烘烤、在线使用等方面对穿包的原因进行了分析,指出了钢包内衬浇注料的原料质量不高、浇注施工产生偏析,以及炉渣冲刷侵蚀、炉壳变形、钢包内壁存在较大裂纹是造成钢包穿包事故的主要原因。同时根据实际情况,有针对性地进行了改进实践,有效地提升了钢包质量,杜绝了此类事故的发生。     

钢包包底内衬结构的改善

1前言 在实际使用的钢包中，包底衬砖的特定地方发生剥落损毁，加快了损毁速度。因此，采用有限元素法进行了结构分析，研究了旨在抑制钢包包底衬砖断裂的内衬结构。     

包口预制件在钢包中的应用

目前国内钢厂一般采取的包口砌筑方式为:包口砖砌筑完毕后,在包口砖上表面与钢包壳距离150～200 mm处填充浇注料,辅助焊接法兰环,以保护砌筑好的包口砖。但包口料在使用过程中会出现脱落,从而影响钢包的使用,每次钢包下线小修或大修时,需要对包口进行修复,损坏的法兰环要重新焊接,直接影响钢包运转,法兰消耗较多,浇注料使用量增加。经试验研究,设计出了包口预制件,经安装使用可提高钢包包口使用率,减少包沿侵蚀,减少钢包壳法兰环修复工作,节约了成本。     

Wear of the periclase-lime lining of steel teeming ladles in ladle desulfurization of steel

Conclusions Wear of a periclase-lime steel teeming ladle refractory lining is a complex physicochemical process in which it is practically impossible to distinguish a predominant elementary direction of action of the molten slag and metal.Replacement of liquid synthetic slags with solid slag-forming mixtures in ladle desulfurization of steel does not have a significant influence on wear of the lining working layer.An increase in the amplitude and number of thermal cycles significantly increases formation of cracks in the refractory lining and, consequently, accelerates its wear. An increase in temperature gradient within the refractory layer significantly increases crack formation.The presence of high-temperature contact of the periclase-lime lining working layer with strong deoxidizers accelerates its wear.Reduction of the magnesium and calcium of the refractories by the carbon of the binder under ladle service conditions may occur only with escape of gaseous CO through the reinforcing layer and the joints of the refractory lining in special gas escape holes in the ladle shell.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 33–36, March, 1993.     

Insulating Permanent Lining of Calcium Hexaluminate Based Castable for 300t Ladle in Baosteel

Minimizing of heat loss of liquid steel through the ladle lining led to the integration of increasing insulation function of the permanent lining and high-quality insulating layer between the permanent lining and the ladle steel shell.In this paper,a study was made on physical and thermomechanical properties and corrosion resistance of calcium hexaluminate based castables.The chemical and physical properties of CA6 based castables fabricated in this work can fulfill general requirements of the permanent lining in ladle.The permanent linings of CA6 based castables offer superb thermal insulation and corrosion resistance,compared to conventional refractory systems of 300t ladle in Baosteel.Both functions of insulation and safety work effectively in whole process of ladle operation.     

Testing ladle brick made by various factories

Conclusions The resistance of linings in steel-casting ladles depends on the working conditions and the construction of the lining, the quality of the brick laying during repairs of the working layer, and the resistance of the ladle brick. The greatest effect on the wear of the lining in ladles is exerted by the following working conditions: chemical composition of the slag, temperature of the metal being cast, the dwell time of metal and slag in the ladle during one casting, the height of the slag layer in the ladle, the thickness of the lining in each belt of the structure. The quality of the structure in the ladles is mainly determined by the size of the joints, the care with which they are filled with mortar, uniformity of drying and warming-up of the ladles before filling them with metal.The resistance of the ladle brick depends mainly on the apparent porosity and nature of the pores and the concentration of fluxes and mullite in the brick.The highest resistance in service was shown by Zaporozh'e ladle brick made from Polozhe kaolin and having the lowest apparent porosity. The concentration of iron oxides in the brick was moderate, and on average equalled 1.39%.In terms of falling resistance the ladle brick of the remaining concerns can be placed in the following order: Chasov-Yar, Semiluks, Bogdanovich, Magnitogorsk, and Borovich.In order to increase the resistance of steel casting ladle linings it is necessary to increase the resistance of the ladle brick by reducing the apparent porosity, using raw materials with low concentrations of fluxes and improving the firing in order to obtain the maximum conditions of the ladle, reducing to a minimum the quantity of slag and reducing the casting time; to use a more rational thickness for laying the ladles over the courses, taking into account better use of their capacity.Translated from Ogneupory, No.5, pp. 27–32, May, 1970.     

Ladle brick from semiacid clays

Conclusions The main feature of the technology developed for the production of high-density ladle brick which expands in service, made from semiacid clay from Chasov Yar and Druzhkov sources, is the regular firing cycle for the chamotte and the finished products, namely completion of firing in the temperature range in which we can guarantee sintering of the material, but in which bloating has not yet begun.The life of the ladle brick in service made from semiacid clays is greater than that of high-chamotte ladle brick owing to the high density of the structural joints, governing the expansion of the working layer of the brick coming into contact with metal and slag.Mass production of semiacid ladle brick using the technology developed by VIO should be organized in refractory plants of the UkrSSR.Deceased.Translated from Ogneupory, No.2, pp.14–17, February, 1967.     

250 t钢包底吹氩卷渣和钢液裸露的模拟

针对某钢厂250 t钢包底吹氩气过程进行水模型实验和数值模拟,考察了吹气量和渣层厚度对卷渣行为和吹气量、渣层厚度及透气砖透气性能对钢液裸露面的影响,分析了卷渣形成机理. 结果表明,吹气量对卷渣形成具有决定性作用,吹气量控制在0.96 m3/h(对应实际流量69 m3/h)以下可避免卷渣;随着吹气量的增加,钢液裸露面积逐渐增大,当吹气量达到0.70 m3/h时,钢液裸露面积百分比约达14%,继续增大吹气量,其增加幅度变缓;随着渣层厚度的增加,临界卷渣吹气量和钢液裸露面积逐渐减小,以37 mm(对应实际渣厚150 mm)厚渣层覆盖,可有效防止钢液二次氧化;透气砖堵塞对钢液裸露面积影响较大,顶部钢液形成两不同大小的裸露亮圈,并加重对包壁耐材的冲刷与侵蚀,降低钢的洁净度. 工艺优化后,钢包水口结瘤率降低至0.1%以下,且可降低生产成本.     

Ladle service under the conditions of vacuum-oxygen decarburization

The Izhstal plant has created a technology for treating corrosion-resistant steel by the method of VOD in a 30-ton ladle. The lining of the ladle is made of periclase-chromite refractories produced by the Magnezit Works JSC. The effect of the process parameters and lining patterns on the endurance of the ladle was studied in development of the process. The main factors determining the wear of the functional layer of the lining are the density of its joints, the composition of the slag of the refining period, the intensity of the mixing, and the thermal regime of the ladle between the heats. The pattern of the lining has been improved by reinforcing the slag line. The mixing regimes and the composition of the killing mixture have been improved where the consumption of lime and the proportion of aluminum to silicon are concerned. These measures have increased the endurance of the ladles by a factor of 2.2 and that of the refractory roofs by a factor of 2.5. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 5, pp. 41–43, May, 2000.     

Durability of the lining of mixer-type transfer ladles

Conclusions A method has been developed and tested for increasing the durability of the lining of 420-ton mixer type transfer ladles for cast iron by the impregnation of the active layer with tar. At a tar temperature of 100°C the active layer is fully impregnated in 65 h. The result is a decrease in the porosity and increase in the coldcrushing strength of the chamotte brick. For a good-quality impregnation use must be made of a steam coil which will heat the tar evenly throughout the ladle volume to 100–120°C.The impregnation increased the durability of the ladle lining from 316 to 400 transfers.Translated from Ogneupory, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 29–31, August, 1977.     

Production aspects of the manufacture and operation of torcrete mixes

Production aspects of the manufacture and operation of torcrete mix MAGMS 85 are considered together with its main properties, i.e. transportability, efficiency during application to the surface of an intermediate ladle reinforcing layer, and also torcrete layer life. Results are provided for practical industrial tests of a torcrete mix with several versions of binder and the effect of them on the time for passage of a mix through an Engler viscometer is determined.