添加表面活性剂对Bi_2O_3-ZnO-Nb_2O_5系陶瓷温度系数的影响

研究了原料混合球磨研磨时 ,加入表面活性剂对Bi2 O3-ZnO -Nb2 O5(BZN )系复相区陶瓷的相组成及性能的影响 .依据最佳的(Bi3xZn2 - 3x) (ZnxNb2 -x)O7陶瓷配方 ,采用固相反应法制备BZN陶瓷试样 .在原料混合球磨研磨时 ,加入具有醇和胺双重性质的两性表面活性剂 ,借助XRD ,DTA ,SEM和HP42 74A阻抗分析仪等研究手段 ,研究实验制备的BZN陶瓷试样的相结构与介电性能 .结果表明 :试样的相结构仍为焦绿石立方结构α相和单斜结构β相的 (α +β)复相焦绿石结构 ;在制备过程中加入表面活性剂 ,可降低Bi2 O3,ZnO ,Nb2 O5原料固液界面表面张力 ,破坏原料的团聚状态 ,达到各种原料的充分混合 ,从而促进了在较低温度下形成相对较多的立方焦绿石α相 ,提高了相组成的稳定性 .大大扩大了符合零温度系数 [( 0± 30 )× 10 - 6 /℃ ]要求的烧成范围 ,且此BZN陶瓷介电常数高 (ε≥ 10 5 )、介电损耗小 (tgδ <10 - 4 )     

添加表面活性剂对Bi2O3—ZnO—Nb2O5系陶瓷温度系数的影响

研究了原料混合球磨研磨时,加入表面活性剂对Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5(BZN)系复相区陶瓷的相组成及性能的影响.依据最佳的(Bi3xZn2-3x)(ZnxNb2-x)O7陶瓷配方,采用固相反应法制备BZN陶瓷试样.在原料混合球磨研磨时,加入具有醇和胺双重性质的两性表面活性剂,借助XRD,DTA,SEM和HP4274A阻抗分析仪等研究手段,研究实验制备的BZN陶瓷试样的相结构与介电性能.结果表明试样的相结构仍为焦绿石立方结构α相和单斜结构β相的(α+β)复相焦绿石结构;在制备过程中加入表面活性剂,可降低Bi2O3,ZnO,Nb2O5原料固液界面表面张力,破坏原料的团聚状态,达到各种原料的充分混合,从而促进了在较低温度下形成相对较多的立方焦绿石α相,提高了相组成的稳定性.大大扩大了符合零温度系数[(0±30)×10-6/℃]要求的烧成范围,且此BZN陶瓷介电常数高(ε≥105)、介电损耗小(tgδ＜10-4).     

钛酸铋陶瓷靶材的热压烧结

纯相、高致密度、结晶良好的陶瓷靶材是物理气相沉积薄膜的前提.采用热压烧结方法制备钛酸铋(Bi4Ti3O12)陶瓷靶材,重点研究了制备工艺对靶材的物相、微观结构和致密度的影响.以Bi2O3和TiO2微粉为原料,采用固相反应法,在800℃合成出纯相的Bi4Ti3O12粉体;加入过量3wt%的Bi2O3,可以有效防止烧结过程中因Bi挥发所产生的杂相,得到纯相的Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷;采用热压烧结方法,进一步实现了Bi4Ti3O12粉体的致密烧结,确定了适宜的制备条件为850℃,30MPa,2b,在该条件下制备的Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷致密度达到99%,晶粒呈片层状,大小约2-4μm,可满足靶材制备薄膜的需求.     

自增韧陶瓷复合材料的研究

本文叙述了Si3N4、Sialon、Al—Zr—C、Ti—B—C、SiC、Al2O3和玻璃陶瓷等自增韧陶瓷复合材料的研究，并简要介绍了自增韧陶瓷复合材料的制备工艺、微观结构、增韧机理，及材料形成的热力学和动力学条件。     

SiO2掺杂对ZnO-Bi2O3基压敏陶瓷微观结构及电性能的影响

采用传统固相法成功制备了不同SiO2掺杂量的ZnO-Bi2O3基压敏陶瓷.研究了SiO2添加剂对ZnO-Bi2O3基压敏陶瓷物相组成、微观形貌和电性能的影响规律及作用机理.XRD结果表明,ZnO-Bi2O3基压敏陶瓷由ZnO主晶相和尖晶石相、富Bi相和含Si相等第二相组成.当SiO2含量增加时,ZnO晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,...     

不同方式引入BZB制备低温烧结的Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷

以BaCO3和TiO2粉末为原料,采用传统固相反应法制备Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷.以BiCl3、Zn(NO3)2 、H3BO3溶液为前驱液,通过液相法引入Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3(BZB)助烧剂以降低Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷的烧结温度代替直接混合Ba2Ti9O20和BZB粉末.结果表明,液相法引入0.3 mol/L BZB溶液,1150 ℃烧结3 h所得Ba2Ti9O20陶瓷介电性能最佳(εr=37,Qf=23485 GHz),优越于固相混合法所得最佳介电性能(εr=34, Qf=16985 GHz).     

聚合物模板法制备氧化铝-氧化锆泡沫陶瓷

将发泡聚苯乙烯小球(epispastic polystyrene,EPS)排列成有序的模板,通过离心成型技术制备孔壁致密、孔径均匀的Al2O3-ZrO2泡沫陶瓷.观察了EPS模板的可压缩特性,分析了浆料固相含量对离心成型过程中物质分离现象的影响,研究了不同烧结温度对Al2O3-ZrO2泡沫陶瓷的烧结密度、孔隙率和压缩强度的影响并表征了宏观孔结构和孔壁断面的微观结构.结果表明:用50%(体积分数)固相含量的浆料可制备出孔壁均匀的样品,在样品的不同部位,Al2O3和ZrO2的分布及相对含量基本相同,物质分离现象被很好的抑制.随着烧结温度的从1 450 ℃提高到1 600 ℃,Al2O3-ZrO2泡沫陶瓷的烧结密度增加、孔隙率降低.在1 550 ℃烧结2 h,样品的抗压强度可达2.07 MPa.     

A1N陶瓷低温烧结过程中氧化控制与性能研究

采用纳米级的A1N粉并以Y2O3-CaF2作烧结助剂于1600℃下制备A1N陶瓷,对AlN陶瓷物相组成、相对密度、微观结构和热性能进行了表征,针对A1N陶瓷烧结过程中易氧化的问题,分析了氮化铝陶瓷在烧结过程中氧化的机理,提出了防止A1N陶瓷制备过程中氧化的措施。研究表明：将A1N坯体置于含有一定量碳粉的A1N埋粉中于N2气氛下烧结,生成还原性气体CO,有效避免了A1N烧结过程中的氧化问题。其中添加3wt％Y2O3-2wt％CaF2作烧结助剂,1600℃常压条件下制备了高热导率的致密A1N陶瓷。     

Fabrication and Mechanical Property of BaNb2O6/Al2O3 Composite Ceramics

为研究功能材料对结构陶瓷微观结构和力学性能的影响,将铁电相 BaNb2O6引入到 Al2O3陶瓷中,分别采用无压和热压烧结技术于 1350 ℃制备 BaNb2O6/Al2O3复相陶瓷,对其物相组成、微观结构和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：BaNb2O6与 Al2O3经过高温烧结能够稳定共存,BaNb2O6的加入促进了 Al2O3陶瓷的烧结。BaNb2O6加入量为 10%（体积分数）时,1350 ℃无压烧结和热压烧结制备的 BaNb2O6/Al2O3复相陶瓷的致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为 94.6%、214MPa、2.28 MPa m1/2和 99.3%、332 MPa、3.55MPa m1/2。当裂纹扩展遇到 BaNb2O6晶粒时发生穿晶断裂,但在晶粒内部出现裂纹偏转,说明铁电相 BaNb2O6晶粒内部的微观结构有助于陶瓷的强韧化。     

BaNb_2O_6/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷的制备及力学性能

为研究功能材料对结构陶瓷微观结构和力学性能的影响,将铁电相BaNb2O6引入到Al2O3陶瓷中,分别采用无压和热压烧结技术于1350℃制备BaNb2O6/Al2O3复相陶瓷,对其物相组成、微观结构和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:BaNb2O6与Al2O3经过高温烧结能够稳定共存,BaNb2O6的加入促进了Al2O3陶瓷的烧结。BaNb2O6加入量为10%(体积分数)时,1350℃无压烧结和热压烧结制备的BaNb2O6/Al2O3复相陶瓷的致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为94.6%、214MPa、2.28 MPa m1/2和99.3%、332 MPa、3.55MPa m1/2。当裂纹扩展遇到BaNb2O6晶粒时发生穿晶断裂,但在晶粒内部出现裂纹偏转,说明铁电相BaNb2O6晶粒内部的微观结构有助于陶瓷的强韧化。     

Shape Dependence of the Coarsening Behavior of Niobium Carbide Grains Dispersed in a Liquid Iron Matrix

In niobium carbide–iron (NbC-Fe) specimens where the grains were faceted, abnormally large grains appeared during coarsening. Normal and uniform grain growth occurred when the grain shape was changed to a spherical morphology by the addition of a small amount of boron. The results have been discussed, in terms of a coarsening mechanism, depending on the atomic structure of the interface. For faceted grains with an atomically smooth interface structure, the coarsening was suggested to occur via two-dimensional nucleation and a lateral-growth mechanism. For spherical grains with an atomically rough interfacial structure, diffusion was suggested to control the coarsening process.     

Coarsening Behavior of Tricalcium Silicate (C3S) and Dicalcium Silicate (C2S) Grains Dispersed in a Clinker Melt

Microstructural evolution during the heat treatment of cement clinker was investigated. Two model specimens, which consisted of faceted tricalcium silicate (C₃S) and spherical dicalcium silicate (C₂S) grains dispersed in a liquid matrix, were prepared with 5 wt% of large seed particles. The seed particles of faceted C₃S grains grew extensively, whereas those of the spherical C₂S grains grew rather slowly, relative to the matrix grains. As a consequence, C₃S grains exhibited a bimodal size distribution that was typical of exaggerated grain growth, whereas C₂S grains retained a uniform and normal size distribution. These results suggest that the growth of faceted C₃S grains was controlled by the interface atomic attachment, such as two-dimensional nucleation, and that of spherical C₂S grains was controlled by diffusion through the liquid matrix. The dependence of growth mechanisms on grain morphology has been explained in terms of the atomistic structure of the solid/liquid interface.     

Nucleation and growth kinetics of graphene layers from a molten phase

Nucleation and growth of graphene layers from Ni–C melts were investigated. It is shown that upon cooling of supersaturated liquids, graphite will grow either with flake or sphere morphology depending on the solidification rate and degree of supersaturation. At small solidification rates, graphite crystals are normally bounded by faceted low index basal and prismatic planes which grow by lateral movement of ledges produced by 2D-nucleation or dislocations. At higher growth rates, however, both interfaces become kinetically rough, and growth becomes limited by diffusion of carbon to growing interface. The roughening transition from faceted to non-faceted depends on the driving force and nature of growing plane. Due to high number of C–C dangling bonds in prismatic face, its roughening transition occurs in smaller driving force. As such, at intermediate rates, the prismatic interfaces become rough and grow faster while the basal plane is still faceted, leading to formation of flake graphite. At higher growth rates, both interfaces grow with a relatively similar rate leading to initiation of graphite sphere formation, which later grow by a multi-stage growth mechanism. An analytical model is developed to describe the size and morphology of graphite as a function of solidification parameters.     

Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on Grain Shape and Grain Growth in Liquid-Phase-Sintered Silicon Carbide

We investigated the effects of the sintering atmosphere on the interface structure and grain-growth behavior in 10-vol%-YAG-added SiC. When α-SiC was liquid-phase-sintered in an Ar atmosphere, the grain/matrix interface was faceted, and abnormal grain growth occurred, regardless of the presence of α-seed grains. In contrast, when the same sample was sintered in N₂, the grain interface was defaceted (rough), and no abnormal grain growth occurred, even with an addition of α-seed grains. X-ray diffraction analysis of this sample showed the formation of a 3C (β-SiC) phase, together with a 6H (α-SiC) phase. These results suggest that the nitrogen dissolved in the liquid matrix made the grain interface rough and induced normal grain growth by an α→β reverse phase transformation. Apparently, the growth behavior of SiC grains in a liquid matrix depends on the structure of the grain interface: abnormal growth for a faceted interface and normal growth for a rough interface.     

Capillarity and Mass Transport at the Ni-AhOs Interface

The morphology of periodic gratings at the Ni-Al₂O₃ interface was investigated. The faceted gratings observed are related to the equilibrium shape of Al₂O₃ particles embedded in an Ni matrix. The interfacial diffusional process at the Ni-Al₂O₃ interface was studied by observing the decay of sinusoidal gratings as a function of orientation. The orientation dependence of the interfacial diffusion observed for Ni-Al₂O₃ is similar to that of the surface diffusion observed for Ni-Al₂O₃.     

Structure of Incoherent ZrO2/Al2O3 Interfaces

High-resolution electron microscopy was used to image incoherent ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ interfaces in ZrO₂-toughened Al₂O₃ containing intragranular ZrO₂. These particles are generally spherical but are sometimes faceted. High-resolution electron micrographs provide atomic-level information on the interfacial structure. For spherical particles, both ledgelike images and misfit dislocation-like images accommodated the lattice misfit, depending on the orientation of the interface, while faceted particles imply at least one low-energy ZrO₂/Al₂O₃ interface.     

Powder Characteristics of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Prepared by Molten Salt Synthesis

Lead magnesium niobate (Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃, PMN) was prepared by a molten salt synthesis method. Powder characteristics were greatly influenced by the processing parameters, such as amount of salt, species of salt, and the presence of excess PbO. Grown in sulfate salts, PMN crystallites showed faceted morphology with a bimodal particle-size distribution in which the smaller particles were in the submicrometer range. The presence of excess PbO in the sulfate salts greatly influenced the faceted morphology and resulted in rounded PMN crystallites. The possible origin of particle morphology changes due to the processing parameters is discussed.     

Copper electrodeposition in a magnetic field

The copper electrodeposition from a sulfuric acid solution was investigated in a magnetic field (0-5 T). Linear sweep voltammetry showed that both the limiting current density and the hydrogen evolution were remarkably modified in a magnetic field. Depending on the cathode overpotential, the surface morphology was divided into two groups: faceted structure and columnar dendrite. The faceted structure appeared in the electrochemical activation region and it changed into the finer grain size in a magnetic field. Furthermore, the pole figure measurement suggested that the texture evolution pattern slightly shifted from two-dimensional to three-dimensional crystal growth in a magnetic field (≥3 T). No essential microstructural variation due to the magnetic effect was observed in spite of considerable morphological variations in the region purely controlled by the mass transfer.     

Stability and Surface Energies of Wetted Grain Boundaries in Aluminum Oxide

The stability of a calcium-aluminum-silicate liquid film between two near-basal plane surfaces of sapphire at 1650°C was studied. Samples were prepared having an average basal misorientation across the interface of 6–7° about < 〈10 1 0〉. The interfaces varied in orientation from 0° to ∼38° to the [0001] direction. Three types of interfaces were observed: faceted, solid-liquid interfaces; low-angle grain boundaries consisting of aligned arrays of dislocations; and boundaries consisting of alternating regions of dislocations and faceted solid-liquid interfaces. The type of interface observed depended on the orientation of the interface and could be predicted by using a construction based on Wulff shapes. Because the type of interface depends on crystal alignment and interface angle, these results suggest an absolute method of determining the surface free energy of wetted boundaries.     

Effect of Grain Boundary Structure on Diffusion-Induced Grain Boundary Migration in BaTiO3

The effect of grain boundary structure, either rough or faceted, on diffusion-induced grain boundary migration (DIGM) has been investigated in BaTiO₃. SrTiO₃ particles were scattered on the polished surfaces of two kinds of BaTiO₃ samples with faceted and rough boundaries and annealed in air for the samples with faceted boundaries and in H₂ for those with rough boundaries. In the BaTiO₃ samples with rough boundaries, an appreciable grain boundary migration occurred. In contrast, grain-boundary migration hardly occurred in the BaTiO₃ samples with faceted boundaries. The migration suppression observed in the sample with faceted boundaries was attributed to a low boundary mobility. The present experimental results show that DIGM is strongly affected by the boundary structure and can be suppressed by structural transition of boundaries from rough to faceted.