201×8阴离子交换树脂吸附铀的性能研究

研究了201×8阴离子交换树脂吸附铀的吸附酸度,吸附速率,吸附温度等性能;确定了吸附和淋洗铀的最佳条件,并对铀与偶氮胂Ⅲ显色反应条件进行选择。用内径34 mm,树脂层高度为400 mm交换柱,负压条件下提取浸出液中铀的吸附效率为98%~100%,淋洗效率为99%以上,效果良好。     

717阴离子交换树脂吸附磺基水杨酸

采用静态及动态法研究了717强碱阴离子交换树脂对水中磺基水杨酸的吸附解吸性能. 实验结果表明,在pH 2.2~12时,该树脂对磺基水杨酸有较强的吸附能力,吸附曲线符合Langmuir等温方程,吸附过程为焓驱动的放热熵减过程,吸附动力学以颗粒内扩散为主. 通过实验测得303 K时树脂静态饱和吸附容量为508 mg/g. 在315 K下用10%NaCl+2%NaOH溶液可快速洗脱树脂上吸附的磺基水杨酸,洗脱率达99%. 该树脂吸附操作简便,易再生,可望用于磺基水杨酸废水的治理及富集回收.     

阴离子交换树脂吸附柠檬酸中的硫酸根离子

采用动态法研究阴离子交换树脂吸附柠檬酸(CA)中硫酸根离子,通过分析溶液相和树脂相中柠檬酸与SO24-的变化趋势,确立了阴离子离交树脂上柠檬酸与硫酸根离子的交换机理。研究表明,强碱性阴离子交换树脂中吸附的CA-不能被柠檬酸液中SO24-置换出;反之,弱碱性离子交换树脂所吸附的CA-可被柠檬酸液中SO24-置换出,且功能基团为树脂吸附柠檬酸液中硫酸根离子的重要因素。     

D318阴离子交换树脂对铼(Ⅶ)的吸附(英文)

The adsorption and mechanism of Re(Ⅶ)on resin D318 were studied using chemical methods and IR spectrometry.At pH 5.2,the static and dynamic saturation adsorption capacities were 351.4 and 366.5 mg·g-1,respectively.The adsorption behavior obeyed the Freundlich empirical equation and the adsorption rate constant k298 was 6.37×10-4s-1.The desorption percentage was up to 99.7%when 2.0 mol·L-1KSCN was used for dynamic desorption.     

717型阴离子交换树脂对双甘膦的吸附特性

采用静态吸附法研究了717型阴离子交换树脂对水中双甘膦的吸附性能,测定了溶液的pH值、温度、树脂含量等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明:717树脂在pH=2～3时,吸附能力较佳;717树脂对双甘膦的吸附是放热反应,并且符合Frcundlich吸附等温方程式;在T=301K,2g717型阴离子交换树脂可吸附0.1 g双甘膦,并达到最大吸附率.     

阴离子交换纤维对草酸根离子吸附性能的研究

以含偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维为原料,分别经Hg（NO3）2、Pb（NO3）2等溶液化学处理,制得五种不同类型的阴离子交换纤维。研究了时间、温度、pH值和离子浓度等因素对阴离子交换纤维吸附草酸根离子性能的影响。实验结果表明,汞阴离子交换纤维、铅阴离子交换纤维和铜阴离子交换纤维可以吸附草酸根离子,且汞阴离子交换纤维吸附性能最好。汞阴离子交换纤维在反应时间为90min、温度为40℃、pH值为9、草酸根离子浓度为0．05mol/L时,最高吸附量可达1．65mmol/g.     

新型阴离子交换剂对亚硝酸根的吸附性能研究

以废弃物木屑、水稻秸秆、碱木质素、脱脂棉为原料制备新型阴离子交换剂,考察了各阴离子交换剂对亚硝酸根(NO2-)的吸附性能,探讨了交换剂的加入量、溶液初始浓度及pH值、吸附时间和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明新型离子交换剂都具有良好的吸附效果;交换剂的加入量为0.3 g、溶液初始NO2-浓度较低、pH为7.0、吸附时间60 min、吸附温度为30℃时越有利于交换剂的吸附,吸附率较高。     

阴离子交换纤维的制备及吸附Cr（VI）性能研究

采用共辐射引发接枝共聚法在聚丙烯纤维上接枝苯乙烯-二乙烯苯,通过氯甲基化反应和胺化反 应制备强碱性阴离子交换纤维。当单体体积分数为20％-25％,辐射剂量率为1.2~1.8 kGy/h时,接枝率 可以控制在150%~250%。当氯甲基化反应温度(38±2)℃,反应时间15~25 h,胺化反应温度(30±2)℃, 反应时间15-20 h时,制备的强碱性阴离子交换纤维交换容量达到3.00 mmol/g以上。将该纤维对Cr(Ⅵ) 进行吸附试验,结果纤维对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附以液膜扩散为主,吸附速度很快,8 min可达到吸附饱和,吸附反应 速率常数为0.015 s-1,静态吸附饱和容量为257.6 mg/g,吸附行为符合Freundlish等温吸附模型。     

阴离子交换纤维对磷酸根离子吸附性能及机理研究

以含偕胺肟基团的螯合纤维为原料,经Fe(NO3)3溶液处理,制得阴离子交换纤维,以其为吸附材料,对磷酸根离子进行吸附规律研究;并采用红外光谱仪(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了表征。实验结果表明,阴离子交换纤维对磷酸根离子的吸附反应符合Freundlich及Langmuir等温吸附模型,饱和吸附量为8.299 mmol/g。采用初始浓度法确定该反应为一级反应;在不同温度下对初始浓度为0.04994 mol/L的磷酸根离子进行吸附,测定了各温度下的反应速率常数,由速率常数与温度的关系得出反应的活化能Ea=22.55 kJ/mol,速率常数k=40.65 e-Ea/RT。     

Process study on adsorption of glycerin from saline wastewater by strong base anion resin

A physicochemical method was used to adsorb glycerin in saline wastewater by strong base anion resin (D201). Boric acid, a kind of weak acid, can combine with glycerin, and a specific complex can be produced, which possess bigger molecule than glycerin. Then, this specific complex could be adsorbed by strong base anion resin. Via the experiment, the equation of adsorption isotherm with D201 at 20°C can be shown by lgx/m = 1.74lgC_e - 5.72; for column test with simulative glycerin wastewater, the treatment capability was more than nine bed volumes, and 39.77 mg glycerin could be removed by per gram resin. When the NaCl concentration was 10 g/L, five bed volumes of simulative wastewater could be treated, and the adsorb mass was 29.09 mg/g. When the NaCl concentration was 30 g/L, only three bed volumes of simulative wastewater could be treated, and the adsorb mass was 14.83 mg/g.     

离子交换树脂催化合成碳酸亚丙酯

碘型阴离子交换树脂在某些偶极非质子性溶剂的作用下，能有效地催化ＣＯ２与环氧丙烷合成碳酸亚丙酯，重复使用时仍能保持较高的催化活性。     

壳聚糖/壳聚糖季铵盐交联共混阴离子交换膜的制备与性能研究

制备了一种新型阴离子交换膜——壳聚糖/壳聚糖季铵盐交联共混膜,并用FTIR对共混膜进行了初步表征;分析研究了不同交联度及配比对离子交换膜相关性能的影响;并运用测试膜电位的方法估算了离子的迁移数和选择透过度。研究表明,膜呈现较好的电化学性能,而膜的力学性能较差、含水量高、选择透过度稍低。HACC含量为25%,交联度为0.2%的共混膜干强与湿强分别为53.10 MPa和8.40 MPa,含水量66.4%,IEC为1.97 mmol/g,面电阻2.67Ω.cm2,离子迁移数为0.91,选择透过度为81.6%。     

Phosphate removal from water using an iron oxide impregnated strong base anion exchange resin

Removing phosphate from water is important as it causes eutrophication, which in turn has a harmful effect on aquatic life, resulting in a reduction in biodiversity. On the other hand, recovery of phosphate from phosphorus containing wastewater is essential for developing an alternative source of phosphorus to overcome the global challenge of phosphorus scarcity. Phosphate removal from aqueous solutions was studied using an iron oxide impregnated strong base anion exchange resin, Purolite FerrIX A33E in batch and fixed-bed column experiments. Phosphate adsorption in the batch study satisfactorily fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of 48 mg P/g. In the column study, increase in inlet phosphate concentration (5–30 mg P/L), and filtration velocity (2.5–10 m/h) resulted in faster breakthrough times and increase in breakthrough adsorption capacities. Increase in bed height (3–19 cm) also increased adsorption capacity but the breakthrough time was slower. The breakthrough data were reasonably well described using the empirical models of Bohart–Adams, Thomas, and Yoon–Nelson, except for high bed heights. Phosphate adsorbed was effectively desorbed using 1 M NaOH and the adsorbent was regenerated after each of three adsorption/desorption cycles by maintaining the adsorption capacity at >90% of the original value. Greater than 99.5% of the desorbed P was recovered by precipitation using CaCl₂.     

Synthesis and thermal stability of novel anion exchange resins with spacer chains

Spacer-modified anion exchange resins were prepared by suspension copolymerization of ω-bromoalkylstyrenes or ω-bromoalkyloxymethylstyrenes with 2–8 mol % of divinylbenzene, followed by quaternization with trimethylamine. The thermal stability of the spacer-modified anion exchangers of the OH form was examined by standing the resins in deionized water at 100–140°C for 30–90 days. The anion exchangers with alkylene chains such as butylene or heptylene groups between the benzene ring and the quaternary nitrogen exhibited higher thermal stability compared with commercial, strongly basic anion exchangers with benzylic ammonium groups. The thermal stability of the exchangers with butyleneoxymethylene or hexyleneoxymethylene spacers was also higher than that of the commercial exchangers. The exchanger with the propyleneoxymethylene spacer, however, had less stability than did the commercial ones. The decreased stability of this spacer-modified exchanger is due to the accelerated degradation of the spacer chain via Hofmann elimination. The excellent stability of the anion exchangers with alkylene or alkyleneoxymethylene spacers, except propyleneoxymethylene, results from the structure of the exchangers, where there are no reactive benzylic carbons, which are attached directly to the quaternary nitrogen. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1161–1167, 1997     

Preparation and characterization of ABS/HIPS heterogeneous anion exchange membrane filled with activated carbon

Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS)/high impact polystyrene (HIPS) blend heterogeneous anion exchange membranes were prepared by phase inversion method using tetrahydrofuran as solvent and anion exchange resin powder as functional group agent. Activated carbon was selected as inorganic filler additive. The additive concentration effect on properties of the prepared membranes was studied. Ultrasonic method was used to help appropriate dispersion of particles in the membrane's matrix. Scanning optical microscopy showed that sonication has a significant influence on distribution of resin particles in the membrane matrix and makes it possible to form more uniform phase. Moreover, images showed a relatively uniform surface for membranes. The increase of activated carbon concentration in casting solution led to a decline in membrane water content. The ion exchange capacity, membrane potential, permselectivity, transport number, ion permeability, ionic flux, and current efficiency of prepared membranes all were increased initially by the increase in additive concentration up to 1% wt and then they showed decrease trend with higher increase in additive concentration from 1 to 4% wt. Conversely, the electrical resistance and energy consumption showed opposite trends. In addition, with more additive loading, the oxidative stability of membranes was slightly decreased and their thermal stability was increased. Membrane with 1% wt additive loading exhibited higher efficiency and electrochemical properties in comparison with other prepared membranes in this research. Furthermore, prepared membranes exhibited suitable electrochemical properties compared to a commercial heterogeneous anion exchange membrane with the same experimental conditions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

PEI交联的PECH/nylon复合阴离子交换膜的制备及性能研究

聚环氧氯丙烷（PECH）是一种线性高分子聚合物,具有较好的稳定性和成膜性能,且以PECH为基体制备阴离子交换膜,可避免致癌物质如氯甲醚、双氯甲醚的使用,但存在机械强度差与吸水性较大等缺点。本研究采用聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）作为交联剂,通过其与PECH发生交联反应,在其内部形成网状结构限制PECH膜在水中的过度溶胀,从而增强膜的机械强度,同时引入尼龙网布（nylon）作为支撑材料进一步提高膜的力学性能,制备了QCPECH/nylon复合阴离子交换膜。研究结果表明,制备的P1膜在电渗析应用过程中的脱盐效率（94.8%）比商业膜（Neosepta AMX）的脱盐效率（92.4%）更高,由此可见,用PEI交联的PECH/nylon复合阴离子交换膜在电渗析脱盐中具有潜在的发展前景。     

Batch and column adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on anion exchange resins and granular activated carbon

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been detected widely in the natural water matrix and is persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. To prevent the adverse effects of PFOS contamination on human health and the environment, effective removal techniques are needed. Adsorption is considered an effective technique for PFOS removal. In this study, five anion exchange resins and granular activated carbon (GAC) were examined to evaluate their performance for the removal of PFOS in both batch and column experiments. Experimental adsorption data for all of the adsorbents exhibited a high correlation with the Freundlich isotherm (R² = 0.95 – 0.98). Most of the anion exchange resins demonstrated a higher adsorption capacity than the GAC. PFA300 had the highest adsorption capacity (455 mg/g). Continuous adsorption of PFOS was performed in column experiments using the same adsorbents that had been used in the batch experiments. The experimental breakthrough curves were set at C/C₀ = 0.1. PFA300 showed the longest operation time before reaching the breakthrough point. The Yoon and Nelson model was used to predict the half‐saturation time of the anion exchange resins. Moreover, the anion exchange resins exhibited high recovery of PFOS by an organic solvent. Continuous PFOS adsorption on a column can be achieved using anion exchange resins for water/wastewater treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39782.     

电渗析用季铵化聚氯乙烯均相阴离子交换膜的制备

以1-甲基咪唑(N-MI)为季铵化试剂一步法对聚氯乙烯(PVC)功能化改性，并制备了均相PVC阴离子交换膜，避免了传统阴离子交换膜制备过程中的氯甲基化步骤。通过对比研究，优化后的PVC-N-MI-5表现出较好的综合性能。离子交换容量和迁移数分别高达2.89 mmol·g^–1和98.4%；吸水率和溶胀率分别为4.24%和0.21%，低于商业JAM-5阴离子交换膜(4.87%和3.33%)；脱盐率、电流效率以及能耗分别为98.38%、55.8%和5.1 kW·h·(kg NaCl)^–1，可与商业JAM-5(93.0%、55.2%和4.6 kW·h·(kg NaCl)^–1)相比较。低廉的原料与简便的制备过程以及相对良好的电渗析应用性能，表明所制备的PVC-N-MI-5具有一定的应用前景。     

阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能研究进展

电渗析技术应用于工业废水脱盐时,废水中有机物及其它杂质组分等会造成膜污染,进而影响脱盐性能。电渗析膜污染防治对促进电渗析在工业废水处理中的应用有重要意义。相比于阳离子交换膜,阴离子交换膜更易形成有机污染,且更严重。阴离子交换膜污染主要由腐殖酸、牛血清蛋白、阴离子表面活性剂等有机物造成,污染过程主要受静电作用、亲和作用和几何因素的影响。膜改性提高阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能是电渗析膜污染防治的有效方法,目前已有许多有关膜改性提高阴离子交换膜抗污染性能的报道。膜改性方法主要有化学改性法、等离子体改性法、表面涂覆改性法、电沉积改性法、自聚合改性法及改进基膜结构法等。本工作对阴离子交换膜改性及抗污染性能的研究进展进行了综述,对不同改性方法的优缺点进行了分析和评价。这些改性方法能提高阴膜表面的负电荷密度和亲水性、降低膜表面粗糙度和基膜含水率等,因此可以改善阴离子交换膜的抗污染性能。然而,目前研究获得的改性阴离子交换膜仍存在修饰层不稳定、抗污染性能不理想和性能测试不系统等缺点,需进一步优化改性方法、改性工艺、组分修饰及性能测试等,以获得抗污染性能稳定且效果良好的改性阴离子交换膜。