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串联液质联用仪测定水中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《化学世界》2017,(1)
对HPLC-MS/MS方法测定水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)过程中PFOA和PFOS峰面积的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明在一定的分析条件下PFOA和PFOS分别在保留时间2.08和2.33min处出现明显的色谱峰,随着样品的pH值升高,PFOA和PFOS峰面积逐渐增大,pH值为5.0的情况下,PFOA和PFOS峰面积达到极大值,随pH值增大呈现减小趋势。pH值5.0下PFOA峰面积比pH值1.5下PFOA峰面积大60.3%,相应的PFOS峰面积大32.5%。相同pH值情况下,PFOA、PFOS浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系。水、甲醇、乙腈作为稀释溶剂对PFOA和PFOS峰面积没有明显影响。聚四氟乙烯、混合纤维等对PFOA和PFOS没有吸附,但尼龙滤膜对PFOA和PFOS有较强吸附。计算结果表明磺酸基与酰胺基团的结合能略大于羧基与酰胺基团的结合能,这可能是尼龙对PFOS吸附能力大于对PFOA吸附能力的原因之一。 相似文献
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全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, PFOS)使水成膜泡沫灭火剂(aqueous film forming foam,AFFF)具有较好的耐高温和抗烧能力,但由于PFOS的难降解性、生物富集性及毒性,国内外相继对PFOS类物质进行了管控。本文简述和分析了泡沫灭火剂中PFOS类物质的管控行为及替代物研究,分析表明管控行动逐步从限制走向淘汰,研究泡沫灭火剂中PFOS类物质的替代物极为迫切;替代物的研究方向主要有两个,一个是泡沫灭火剂中短氟碳链类表面活性剂研究及短氟碳链泡沫灭火剂的灭火效果验证,但短氟碳链类表面活性剂可能存在长期环境持久性的问题;另一个是泡沫灭火剂中无氟类表面活性剂的研究,如有机硅表面活性剂、甜菜碱型表面活性剂、纯化皂苷表面活性剂,但无氟类表面活性剂可能会影响无氟泡沫灭火剂的表面活性、灭火能力、灭火效果等。泡沫灭火剂中PFOS类物质的替代物研发尚任重而道远。 相似文献
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饮用水中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:建立了饮用水中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定法.方法:水样经C18固相萃取柱富集,甲醇和氨水甲醇溶液依次洗脱目标物,洗脱液氮吹浓缩定容至1 mL.采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱,多重反应监测负离子模式进行检测,内标法定量.结果:全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸在0.2~5μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,方法检出限分别为1.69和2.08 ng/L,在3个加标水平下的平均回收率为84.1%~107.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.0%~9.2%.结论:本方法快速,简便,灵敏度高,精密度、回收率理想,适用于饮用水中全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的分析测定. 相似文献
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本文对PFOS和PFOA进行了介绍,对其优点及不足之处进行了评述.除此之外,对于含氟拒水拒油整理剂共聚时所需含氟乳化剂也提出了建议. 相似文献
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以甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(RfAA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)或2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯(PEGMA)为共聚单体,以亲氟-亲水-空间位阻的方式,合成了两种含氟高分子表面活性剂P(RfAA-PEGMA-MAA)和P(RfAA-PEGMA-AMPS)。考察了它们对RfAA的乳化性能,探讨了单体种类、单体含量、引发剂用量以及链转移剂用量对单体转化率和聚合物乳化性能的影响。结果表明,n(RfAA)∶n(MAA或AMPS)∶n(PEGMA)=5∶3∶2,引发剂用量为单体总质量的4%,链转移剂用量分别为单体总质量的3%、2%时,所合成的两种含氟高分子表面活性剂对RfAA均表现出了良好的乳化性能,它们的最低表面张力分别为56.3、49.1 mN/m,CMC均约为0.002 g/mL。 相似文献
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研究了20 kHz超声波强化活性炭颗粒吸附不同种类水溶液中全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)的动力学。结果表明:平衡吸附被证实符合BET多层等温吸附,最大单层吸附容量为qmPFOS>qmPFOA;在PFOS和PFOA初始浓度为50 mg/L时超声波辐照下活性炭颗粒吸附符合表观拟二级动力学关系,平衡吸附容量和起始吸附速率分别为qePFOS>qePFOA和 hPFOS> hPFOA;在去离子水(MQ)中的PFOS和PFOA 最大单层吸附平衡容量qm和平衡吸附容量qe及起始吸附速率h和吸附动力学常数K均大于预处理或未预处理后的垃圾渗滤地表水(Pre-GW和GW)中对PFOS和PFOA的平衡吸附量和吸附动力学常数;20 kHz超声波强化活性炭颗粒吸附PFOS和PFOA效果明显,其吸附动力学常数增强因子为7.7和4.4。 相似文献
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Three fluorinated cationic surfactants were prepared by condensing N-(2-bromoethyl)perfluoroalkylamides with stoichiometric amounts of pyridine, triethanolamine, and triethylamine to produce
three quaternary ammonium salts. The surface and biocidal properties of these surfactants were investigated to find the relation
between the structure of the hydrophilic portion of the compounds and their efficiency as biocides. The properties studied
included critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness (IICMC), surface excess concentration (Tmax), and area occupied by a molecule (Amin). Free energies of micellization (ΔG
mic
o) and adsorption (ΔG
ads
o) of the surfactants in aqueous solution were calculated. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the prepared compounds
were tested against five strains as representative group of microorganisms. 相似文献
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This study investigated the effect of incorporating strong surfactants into hollow fiber membranes and solution cast films made from polysulfone (PSF). During membrane formation, various (mostly fluorinated) surfactants were added to the spinning solution, quench medium, and bore fluid. Both the gas transport properties and the membrane structure were affected. Some membranes showed a modest increase in selectivity or in permeation rate. At low concentrations the addition of perfluoro ammonium octanoate (PAO) increased the O2 permeation rate by 44% with only a small loss of selectivity. Surfactants were also incorporated into dense PSF films by solution casting. Only pure PSF films and those with low concentrations of short‐tailed fluorinated surfactants were clear and transparent; higher concentrations and other surfactants yielded cloudy or defective films. The presence of surfactants decreased the glass transition temperature of PSF to varying extents. Increased total and polar surface free energy correlated with changes in the gas transport properties. It is proposed that the surfactants interact with the polymer both during membrane and film formation, and also affect chain packing after the solvent has been removed. SEM images confirmed that membranes with surfactants have larger voids in the porous matrix of the membrane. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 163–175, 1999 相似文献
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氟表面活性剂的工业应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了氟表面活性剂的分类、结构及性质;主要综述了由于氟表面活性剂具有"三高"、"两憎"的独特性能,广泛应用于消防、皮革、石油、造纸、纺织印染及金属材料加工等工业领域,起到普通碳氢表面活性剂所不能的作用;指出了根据应用领域的不同,应从分子结构设计入手,有针对性地、有目的地研发氟表面活性剂新品种新工艺,拓展应用领域,注重氟表面活性剂与普通表面活性剂的复配研究。 相似文献