黑色建筑节能涂料的制备及性能研究

基于减少能源消耗及缓解热岛效应的要求,以铁铬黑为颜料,硅溶胶-苯丙复合乳液为基料,制备了黑色系建筑节能涂料,探讨了颜料掺量及涂层厚度对节能涂料光学性能的影响。采用XRD衍射仪、紫外/可见光/近红外分光光度计、精密色度仪等分析颜料的物相结构及光学性能。采用红外灯模拟太阳热源测量涂层的隔热性能。结果表明:铁铬黑颜料的近红外平均反射率为57%,且反射光谱与叶绿素基本一致;当颜料掺量为10%、涂层干膜厚度为150μm时,涂层的近红外平均反射率为39.2%,长波发射率为0.89,隔热效果明显,其平衡温度较空白样低9.8℃,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

C/C复合材料表面金属Ti/TiO2/Pt薄膜的制备及研究

C/C复合材料具有化学性质稳定、热膨胀系数低以及优良的高温稳定性。因此C/C复合材料是制备低红外发射率薄膜的理想基体材料。本文通过改变参数,探究了薄膜厚度、真空热处理温度对薄膜表面形貌、附着力、物相组成、红外发射率等性能的影响。研究发现:当Ti薄膜厚度为1.06μm,真空热处理温度为1000℃时,经过320℃/5 h氧化处理后制备的Ti/TiO_2/Pt薄膜综合性能最好。该工艺制备的Ti/TiO_2/Pt表面较为光滑,粗糙度较小,3～5μm和8～14μm波段的红外发射率分别能达到0.061和0.065,附着力为7.344 MPa。     

钛合金用耐高温高红外发射率涂料的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备有机-无机杂化树脂体系,按配方比例加入高红外发射率颜填料研磨色浆、硅烷偶联剂、固化剂得到耐高温高红外发射率涂料。采用喷涂涂装于钛合金表面,70~90℃固化温度固化2 h后涂层红外发射率在8~14μm最高可达0.980。在600℃煅烧2 500 s后涂层外观无明显变化涂层完整,机械性能良好红外发射率为0.852,有效地保护了钛合金底材,使其能够在高温环境下具有良好的热稳定性。     

耐高温高发射率涂料的研制及性能研究

以有机硅树脂、玻璃粉、陶瓷粉、自制高发射率粉体为主要原料,辅以碳化硅、三氧化二铝等化合物制备了耐高温高发射率涂料。测试了涂层耐热性、耐热震性、发射率等性能,分析了厚度对涂层发射率值得影响。结果表明:所研制的涂层可耐1 200℃高温,可抗20次1 200℃-0℃的热震考核,涂层600℃下1~22μm发射率值为0.93,最佳涂装厚度为30~80μm。     

低发射率红外伪装涂料的制备及性能研究

红外伪装涂料的光学波段光谱曲线应与背景的光谱曲线尽量接近,同时应具有较低的表面发射率,能与背景的红外辐射相适应。制备了几种不同的红外伪装涂料,分别制成不同厚度的涂层,并测定了涂层的光谱反射率及红外发射率。制备的涂料在光学波段具有较好的伪装性能,在涂层厚度为0.1 mm时的红外发射率为0.811。     

红外隐身涂料发射率影响因素研究

对金属填料、涂层固化工艺以及着色颜料等因素对涂料红外发射率的影响开展了实验研究,结果表明:随着铝粉含量增加,发射率降低;酚醛-铝粉体系最佳固化温度为60℃,固化时间为12 h;选择硫化镉为着色颜料,含量不超过2%(质量分数)可以满足可见红外兼容.     

低发射率红外隐身涂层的制备

详细论述了低发射率红外隐身涂层的制备方法,研究了色浆分散、涂层机械性能以及应用于该红外隐身涂层的着色颜料、金属颜料的添加量、金属颜料在涂层表面排布状态对涂层红外发射率的影响。结果表明采用高支化度聚酯为成膜物质,选用BYK 164及BYK P104S混合助剂时涂层机械性能、表面状态及贮存稳定性最佳;大多数着色颜料具有很高的发射率,不适宜热红外伪装涂层使用;粒径为28μm,厚度约为0.8μm的浮型铝粉,添加量为涂层颜料质量分数的35%时涂层具有较好的红外性能。     

Al/ZnS涂层织物的红外发射性能

以片状Al粉为金属颜料,加入ZnS、Na2SiO4、羧甲基纤维素钠和不同粘合剂制备低红外发射率涂料。将涂料涂覆在铝板上,比较含4种不同粘合剂涂层的发射率,研究粘合剂对涂层红外发射率的影响。将涂料涂覆在织物上,测量涂层的表观形态,分析工艺处方、织物种类等因素对织物涂层发射率的影响。油性聚氨酯粘合剂涂层的发射率最低,随着Al和ZnS含量的增加,织物涂层发射率逐渐降低,且不同织物基质上的涂层红外发射率不同。当使用油性聚氨酯为粘合剂,铝粉质量分数为35%～40%,ZnS质量分数为2%时,涤纶织物涂层发射率为0.69。     

光学红外隐身涂层织物的制备与性能研究

以表面改性的镀银空心玻璃微珠（HGMs@Ag）和铝粉为低发射率填料,氧化铁黄和氧化铁红为着色颜料,涤纶织物为骨架基材,水性聚氨酯树脂为成膜物,制备了沙土色光学红外隐身涂层。采用红外发射率测试仪、光谱反射率测试仪、光泽度仪、扫描电子显微镜以及电阻测试仪等对样品进行了分析表征,讨论了硅烷偶联剂KH560用量对HGMs@Ag粉体电阻值和发射率值,以及涂料黏度、涂层色差、镜面光泽度、光谱反射率以及红外发射率的影响。研究结果显示,HGMs@Ag经硅烷偶联剂KH560改性处理后,粉体的发射率和电阻值均增大,但同时硅烷偶联剂对改善涂层界面有着重要作用,当KH560质量分数为1.2%时,制备涂层性能最佳,其光学性能满足GJB 1082—1991《伪装网用颜色》中的SE3453沙土色要求,涂层在8～14μm波段红外发射率为0.527,具有实际应用价值。     

3种黄色颜料对太阳热反射隔热涂层性能的影响

分别以冷颜料(钛铬黄和镍钛黄)和传统颜料(铁黄)制备了太阳热反射隔热涂层,探究了颜料晶体结构和光学性能对涂层性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪、紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计、红外辐射率测量仪和精密色差仪表征了颜料和涂层的晶体结构、反射比、半球发射率和明度,采用红外灯模拟太阳热源测试了涂层的隔热性能。结果表明:与传统铁黄相比,黄色冷颜料由于晶体缺陷较少而具有更优异的反射性能。镍钛黄颜料所制涂层的隔热性能最佳。铁黄颜料晶体缺陷最多,导致其近红外反射比最低,所制涂层的隔热性能最差。3种涂层的半球发射率均在0.90以上,差别很小,具有较好的辐射散热性能。     

Preparation of infrared high radiation coatings from modified spinel NiFe2O4 and its energy saving applications

The NiFe spinel material itself has good thermal stability and emissivity and can be prepared as an infrared high radiation coating for energy saving applications in industrial high temperature furnace applications. In this study, Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ doped spinel NiFe₂O₄ was prepared by solid phase reaction at 1250 °C for 3 h and the microstructure and physicochemical properties of the powder and coating were characterised by XRD, SEM, EDS and IR radiometry. The effect of Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ doping on the infrared emissivity of spinel NiFe₂O₄ was investigated and energy saving assessment was carried out in a resistance furnace. The results show that the doping of Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ can significantly affect the emissivity of spinel powders in the 2.5–10 μm band, and the coatings prepared from the four powders have an emissivity of up to 0.95 in the 2.5–10 μm band. using this high temperature infrared radiation energy saving coating in a resistance furnace resulted in significant energy savings compared to no coating. The furnace was tested for energy saving by holding the furnace for 2 h and 5 h, and the energy saving efficiency reached 20.7% and 17.0% respectively. The coating was subjected to 10 thermal shock tests from room temperature to 700 °C. The coating bonded well and had good thermal shock resistance. Therefore, the coating has wide application prospects for energy saving applications in the field of industrial high temperature furnaces.     

一种高效红外吸收和能量转换涂层的制备与表征

采用固相高温烧结法制备一种可以高效吸收和热能转换的红外功能涂层用填料,借助扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对涂层填料的形貌、结构进行表征,系统分析涂层材料的物化性能,并对其在燃气传热过程中的实际节能效果进行验证.结果表明:合成的Fe-Mn-Cu体系红外填料具有较高的发射率,用其制备的红外涂层具有较强的耐酸碱性能、较好的附着能力以及较高的耐冲击强度.红外辐射与吸收的匹配程度对燃气的使用效率有重要影响,在金属Al表面涂覆后,使用普通燃气燃烧器可使燃气使用效率提高10.3%,而与红外燃烧器搭配使用时,燃气使用效率提高21.7%.     

彩色复合型反射隔热涂层的制备及性能

将空心微珠和二氧化钛为填料的涂层做底层,反射型颜料的涂层做表层,制备了阻隔-反射彩色复合型反射隔热涂层。采用紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计、红外发射率仪、精密色差仪和扫描电子显微镜对涂层性能进行表征,自制隔热性能测试装置考察涂层的隔热性能。结果表明,采用复合型涂层结构可显著提高涂层的太阳光反射比和隔热性能,铬绿、群青和铁铬黑颜料掺量分别为20%、20%和10%时,复合涂层的太阳光反射比较高,可达0.646 1、0.602 1和0.539 8,比相同颜料掺量的表层高40.82%、31.03%和58.67%,隔热性能比相同颜料掺量的表层高2.5、1.9和2.8℃,其主要应用性能符合相关标准。     

不同颜色色浆对氟树脂/铝低红外发射率涂层的影响

研究了大红、深黄、水紫、黑色4种颜色色浆对氟树脂/铝低红外发射率涂层光泽、附着力、硬度、粗糙度、耐冲击性、色差、红外发射率、耐腐蚀性等性能的影响。研究结果显示:深黄色色浆涂层的发射率最低,约为0.1;不同色浆对氟树脂涂层色差明度影响不同,相对于其他色浆,水紫能够使涂层偏暗;大红、深黄、水紫色浆的涂层硬度均为6H;加深黄色浆的涂层附着力最好,其次是大红色浆和水紫色浆;深黄色浆对涂层的耐冲击性影响最大,其次是大红色浆和水紫色浆;相对于大红、深黄、黑色色浆,水紫色浆涂层具有最低的粗糙度,表面比较光滑;水紫色浆和深黄色浆的红外波峰比较持平,有利于减小表面发射率;水紫色浆氟树脂涂层的耐腐蚀性能最好。耐盐水腐蚀测试后4种涂层均没有明显失光,水紫涂层没有发生明显变色,深黄和黑色涂层起泡密度较低。水紫色浆因其粒径均匀细小,在氟树脂涂料中易分散,与氟树脂相容性好,因此具有相对较优的综合性能。     

Preparation and characterization of a new low infrared-emissivity coating based on modified aluminum

A low infrared-emissivity coating was prepared using modified Al powder and polyurethane as metallic pigment and adhesive. Al powder was coated with polyethylene wax by the flux-capping method to reduce the emissivity and gloss of the coating. The surface morphology and chemical composition of pure and modified Al powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The infrared emissivity of the product was measured by an infrared emissometer. The influences of the modified Al powder content, substrate material, coating thickness, and aging time on infrared emissivity were systematically investigated. The results indicate that modified Al powder decreases not only the gloss of the coating, but also its emissivity within the wavelength range of 8–14 μm. The polyethylene wax/Al composites have a homogenous sheet structure at 30 wt.% Al content, and a lower infrared emissivity. The optimum content of modified Al powder is around 18 wt.%. The coating exhibits a lower emissivity value and excellent optical properties. The infrared emissivity of the composite coating significantly increases with increased thickness, and approaches a constant value when the thickness is more than 80 μm. Accelerated aging test results show that with increased aging time, the coating with modified Al powder has a better aging resistance and lower infrared emissivity than that with pure Al powder.     

节能型固化体系在环氧粉末涂料中的应用

本文提出ＬＣＡ－咪唑固化体系在环氧粉末涂料中的应用及其所显示的节能特性,对环氧粉末涂料的几种主要固化体系作了比较,分析了ＬＣＡ－咪唑固化体系显著的节能效果,从而揭示了ＬＣＡ－咪唑固化体系在这一领域广阔的应用前景。     

Novel approaches in NIR curing technology

Near infrared (NIR) curing technology is used more and more in coating processes where high belt speeds are needed to reduce the curing time from minutes down to seconds [1], [2].In times of increased concern for energy consumption it is vital to optimize the uptake of energy by the coating system caused by differences in pigmentation. As standard clear coats typically absorb NIR radiation only to a small extent, the heat uptake proceeds mainly indirectly via thermal conduction from the substrate e.g. steel and by convection. NIR absorption in pigmented systems is strongly dependent on the choice of inorganic and/or organic pigments. In particular, pale shades absorb only a small amount of NIR radiation.Efficient, colorless and transparent NIR absorbers are highly desirable for further penetration of NIR curing technology into industrial reality.The presented data in this paper demonstrates for the first time the use of an efficient NIR absorber (NIR-A 1) in different pigmented as well as transparent coating formulations. Its performance against 3 commercially available near infrared absorbers was evaluated concerning absorption in the near infrared region (800–1500 nm) as well as heat uptake during near infrared curing. NIR-A 1 reaches absorption values as high as 30% calculated versus carbon black (FW^® 200) as 100% reference, with a broad absorption profile. It outperforms the 3 commercial near infrared absorbers also concerning heat uptake after near infrared curing. An evaluation of the weathering stability shows nearly no impact on a clear coat after 1500 h WOM CAM 7. The addition of 0.05 w%/w of NIR-A 1 to a 45.0 w%/w TiO₂ pigmented formulation leads to more than a doubled belt speed to cure. Only a low impact on the color of the coating formulation can be seen.     

Low—E玻璃对建筑节能的贡献

在《玻璃》2011年第7期《低辐射玻璃的概念与应用问题的讨论》的基础上,进一步讨论了Low-E玻璃的辐射系数对Low-E中空玻璃、Low-E充气中空玻璃和Low-E真空玻璃的隔热保温性能的影响,给出了有关计算结果,说明了Low-E中空玻璃的中间层厚度不应小于6mm。采用辐射系数E=0.25、中间层6mm的Low-E玻璃,可以满足北京地区建筑节能65%的要求。充填氩气等低导热气体取代空气,中空玻璃的保温性能有所提高。Low-E玻璃的辐射系数对Low-E真空玻璃传热系数的影响更大,真空玻璃虽然厚度比中空玻璃小很多,但传热系数更小,建筑节能效果更好。     

季铵盐对脂肪胺/环氧树脂体系固化性能影响的研究

环氧自流平涂料性能优异,在各个领域得到广泛应用.环氧固化剂的性能对环氧自流平涂料性能起决定性作用.介绍了环氧自流平涂料对固化剂的基本要求和常用固化剂的特点.详细研究了在脂肪胺加成物中添加季铵盐对涂膜硬度和光泽度的影响,结果表明添加季铵盐可提高涂膜的硬度和光泽度,在低温时效果更显著;季铵盐用量占固化剂0.8%为宜;芳香季...     

纳米掺锡氧化铟涂料的制备及其红外特性分析

采用超声波分散和物理分散相结合,制备了掺锡氧化铟纳米涂层并用电子扫描显微镜对涂层中填料的分散状态进行了表征,结果表明该涂料已达到纳米级分散,填料颗粒平均粒度小于100 nm;运用傅立叶红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计及红外发射率测试仪等对涂层的光谱性能进行了测试,结果显示该涂层具有屏蔽紫外线、反射可见光和近红外、中远红外强吸收等特点,可作为一种多功能红外隐身及隔热材料.