疏毛罗勒挥发油化学成分的研究

本文采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取疏毛罗勒挥发油 ,用气相色谱 质谱联用技术鉴定了疏毛罗勒挥发油的化学成分 ,并比较了几种主要成分在花、茎、叶中的分布。发现疏毛罗勒油的主要化学成分为甲基黑椒酚和反式 α 香柠檬烯 ,其中前者的归一化含量约为后者的三倍。     

光敏化条件对α-蒎烯异构化制备罗勒烯的影响

利用α-蒎烯获得一系列我们所需产品的研究工作,已有不少报道,例如用α-蒎烯合成树脂、油墨、香料、医药等。六十年代以来,国外直接利用α-蒎烯合成各种萜类香料的技术,已有突破。α-蒎烯异构为罗勒烯,进而合成一些名贵的香料,如罗勒烯环氧化物、罗勒烯醇等,就是其途径之一。在α-蒎烯异构化制罗勒烯的研究中,利用热     

丁香罗勒油的提取及丁香酚分离研究

丁香油香味独特,是我国主要植物性芳香油之一种。从植物丁香和植物丁香罗勒提取用于配制香料、化妆品及牙膏、肥皂加香、调味、制药等,近年来丁香油是大量用于分离丁香酚制取异丁酚和合成香兰素产品国内外畅销。五十年代广西引种了苏联丁香罗勒,现已遍及各地山区,若能开发利用这一丰富资源,对发展地方香料工业,振兴广西经济有其重要而深远的意义。     

中国油橄榄发展历程与产业展望

介绍了我国油橄榄的引种和推广历程,分析了我国油橄榄引种试验、示范推广和产业开发3个阶段,进一步介绍了甘肃陇南油橄榄的发展历程。重点介绍了橄榄油、橄榄果渣和橄榄叶的化学成分及其加工利用现状。在此基础上,结合我国目前油橄榄的现状和需求,提出油橄榄果叶综合利用的发展思路,开发高品质橄榄油、系列化妆品、洗涤用品、油橄榄茶、油橄榄酒、餐用橄榄、橄榄叶抗氧化剂及果渣保水调节剂,全值化利用油橄榄,提高油橄榄利用率,促进我国油橄榄产业的发展。     

GC／MS分析泰国圣罗勒精油（Holybasil oil）化学成分的研究

利用气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用仪技术对泰国圣罗勒精油（Ｈｏｌｙ ｂａｓｉｌ ｏｉｌ）的化学成分进行研究分析,分离鉴定２２种成分,其中主要成分为石竹烯４５．８８％,丁香酚３５．７７％,巴伦西亚桔子烯６．９７％、甲位桉叶烯１．８７％;甲基丁香酚１．６８％、氧化石竹烯１．４０％。     

大红袍花椒挥发性成分的HS-SPME/GC/MS分析

利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术研究大红袍花椒的挥发性成分,探讨了不同纤维头吸附对分析检测结果的影响。结果表明,DVB/CAR/PDMS纤维头能够有效地吸附花椒的挥发性成分;大红袍花椒主要挥发性成分为β-月桂烯（21.41%）、苎烯（17.06%）、β-水芹烯（10.60%）、γ-松油醇（萜品醇）（9.50%）、桧烯（8.32%）、β-罗勒烯（8.00%）、胺叶油素（7.09%）、罗勒烯（3.82%）、α-蒎烯（3.59%）、香橙烯（1.15%）、α-乙酸松油酯（1.08%）等萜烯类以及醇类或酯类化合物。     

罗勒精油的提取及其在痱子粉中的应用

罗勒是唇形科一种药食两用植物,其精油具有化湿活血、提神醒脑的功效。实验采用水蒸气蒸馏法对罗勒全草进行精油提取,进而研究出罗勒精油的痱子粉配方。该配方下的痱子粉具有罗勒提神的香气,抗菌消炎效果也有所提高。     

罗勒的提取和抗菌活性研究

罗勒在设定浓度的乙醇-水溶液中浸泡,过滤浓缩得到浸膏,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取,获得各个萃取部位,考察罗勒各提取部位对沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄糖球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能。结果显示:罗勒5个提取部位对三种菌均有一定抑菌效果,其中对沙门氏菌的抑制效果最好。在同样浓度下,乙酸乙酯提取部位对沙门氏菌的抑菌效果最好、石油醚提取部位次之。     

亚临界提取罗勒油工艺研究

主要研究探讨亚临界提取罗勒油的工艺参数,分别进行了单因素试验及正交试验确定其最优提取条件,结果表明:罗勒油的最佳提取工艺条件是大豆油与罗勒叶质量比为1︰3、萃取温度为65℃、萃取时间为65 min、萃取次数为3次,在此条件下罗勒的出油率为5.83%。     

野丁香的重新评价及利用

焦启源在《芳香植物及其利用》一书中,曾对丁香花在香料中的应用作了否定:“用石油醚浸提丁香花,出膏率为2.4‰～3.6‰,膏深绿色,芳香味差,与天然丁香花香味不同。熔点44℃,酸值15.8,酯值94.7,带有甜罗勒的香气,不适合香料工业应用要求”。国外就丁香作了一定的研究,应用中的香料品种,主要有:紫丁香(Syringa VulgarisL),白丁香(Samurensis Rupr; S Persi CaL),小叶丁香花浸膏及取自丁香花蕾(Clovebud),丁香花梗及叶,用水蒸汽蒸馏法蒸馏干花蕾或花或梗或叶所得精油。     

Effects of synthetic conditions on particle size and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The effects of synthetic conditions on particle sizes and magnetic properties were investigated by TEM, XRD, and VSM. The results show that the concentrations of metal ions were the key factors not only on the particle size of NiFe₂O₄ but also on their magnetic properties. The pH value influenced greatly the magnetic properties through the reacted impurities. Once the reactions were given high enough temperature and long enough time, the particles would reach their ‘mature’ size and relative stable magnetic properties due to more perfect structure and more relaxed structural stress, therefore they showed much lower Hc and higher Ms than that of “immatured” particles. During the growing period of the particles, however, the temperature and the time play predominant roles on the particle size and on the diminishment of impurity. In the growing period of these nanoparticles, the magnetic properties have been demonstrated to follow some size-dependent law.     

Fouling Induction Period of CaCO3 on Heated Surface

Fouling inductinn period of CaCO3 on heated surface was studied with the micro video technology. The rates of nucleating and nuclei growlng were measured under various experlmen-tal conditions. The experimental results showed that both nucleating and nudel growing rates of CaCO3 increased obviously with surface temperature and concentration of reagents, In addition, the experiment of fouling induction period on the surface material of chemical plated nickel-phosphorus-indicated thnt not only the nucleate rate of CaCO3 decreased but also some fouling particles with certain size were easy to peel off from the heated surface under shearing streas, which means that the property of surface material is one of the rnont important factors influencing fouling induction periods.     

高效优势降解菌处理樟脑废水

针对樟脑废水,从活性污泥中筛选出降解樟脑废水的高效优势菌,通过分离纯化,优选出3株适应能力强、生长旺盛的菌株,分别为ZH-1、ZH-2、TZH-2。经初步鉴定分别为动胶菌属、假单胞菌属、短杆菌属。试验测定了樟脑混合菌最佳生长条件的优化组合为:葡萄糖质量浓度20 g.L-1,温度30℃,pH值为7,转速为125 r.m in-1,培养时间55 h。并测定了单株菌和混合菌对樟脑废水的降解效果,结果表明混合菌的降解效果最为明显,降解率为75.23%。     

钼酸盐缓蚀剂在A20碳钢表面成膜行为研究

在标准配制水条件下,通过失重法、跟踪测定试验水中MoO42-和O2浓度及SEM形貌分析,研究了MoO42-对A20碳钢在循环冷却水中的缓蚀行为,分析其成膜机理。结果表明,钼酸盐在碱性水中具有一定缓蚀作用;是一种阳极型成膜剂,成膜过程分为诱导期、生长期和稳定期3个阶段。诱导期约24 h,生长期约48 h,药剂浓度愈高,愈有利于膜的生长。在稳定期,维持药剂质量浓度为100 mg/L即可;FeMoO4在生长期其晶核呈竹签状,在稳定期晶体呈玉米棒状。     

不同年生慈竹木素特性及分布的研究

本文研究了不同年生慈竹木素在厚壁纤维细胞中的分布,发现纤维细胞壁的木素含量最低,而纤维细胞角隅的木素含量最高。在1—3年生的竹纤维细胞中,复合胞间层的木化速度较次生壁快,而三年生之后则相反。对不同年生慈竹磨木木素的分析表明,慈竹木素的相对分子质量较软木木素小,而酚羟基含量较高。慈竹木素中有共轭酯键存在,并有较高的紫丁香基结构单元,同时有一定量的对羟苯丙烷单元存在,尤其是一年生慈竹木素含有很高的对羟苯丙烷单元,慈竹木素中主要的残余糖分是阿拉伯糖和木糖。     

丁二烯在庚烷溶剂和镍基催化剂系统内的聚合行为

通过一系列聚合试验，对丁二烯在庚烷溶剂和镍基催化剂系统内的聚合行为进行了研究。认为：（１）该聚合的特点是快引发、慢增长、逐步加成、无终止；（２）诱导期外，聚合速度与单体浓度为一级关系；（３）增长链端的浓度不变。     

PE吹塑农用兰光母料及兰光膜的研制

本文介绍PE吹塑农用兰光母料及兰光膜的研制。通过试验,确定了兰光母料的最佳配方,母料中光转换剂C_(26)H_(16)的用量为0.06～0.08%。并以母料与基体树脂1∶25的配比原材料,吹塑成兰光膜。此膜在光照不足的弱光照射下(2万LUX以下)光透过率>75%;存放13个月后物理机械性能未出现明显变劣趋势;其耐水浸渍性较好,完全可满足播种、移栽、整个育秧生长期的实际使用期限。该膜不仅是水稻育秧专用膜,而且还可用于玉米、红薯、西瓜等作物的增产增收。     

近期日本碳纤维复合材料研发进展

自1970～2011年日本PAN基碳纤维（PAN-CF）及其复合材料（CFRP）已经历导入期、成长期、扩大期、正式扩大期,而自2012～2020年将进入飞跃式扩大期,体现在产业用途飞跃发展,汽车用途正式扩大。日本CFRP成型技术已趋完善。东丽、帝人、三菱丽阳等8家公司与研究所近期的CFRP研发成果作了介绍,有些新成型工艺技术和产品具世界领先和先进水平。最后分别介绍了吴羽化学和三菱树脂公司的通用级沥青基碳纤维和中间相沥青基碳纤维及其复合材料的发展形势。     

Oxidation of Crude Corn Oil with and without Elevated Tocotrienols

Kernels and oil from corn with increased concentrations of tocotrienols (T3) due to the transgenic expression of a homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) gene from two growing years were characterized for tocol and fatty acid compositions. The crude extracted oil was analyzed for oxidative properties and compared to non-transformed material derived from the plants grown at the same location and during the same year. No significant difference was observed in composition of major fatty acids. Both the seed (kernel) and extracted crude oil from the HGGT expressing corn had a 18-fold increase in tocotrienol content from 300 to 5,400 ppm in oil. There was a concurrent 18% decrease in tocopherol content, 1,150 ppm total tocopherols in control oil declining to 940 ppm in HGGT oil. Although tocopherols and tocotrienols are generally considered antioxidants, they may exhibit prooxidant effects at higher concentrations and they should be tested. Crude oil was extracted from control and transformed corn produced during 2005 and 2006 yielding four oil samples that were evaluated for their oxidative properties. The formation of lipid hydroperoxides, a primary oxidation product, was evaluated at 60 °C over 9 days by measuring the peroxide value (PV). Resistance to oxidation or induction period (IP) was measured using an Oxidative Stability Instrument. There was a slight decrease in hydroperoxide formation in the HGGT oil compared to the corresponding control but was less than the year to year differences. The induction period was the same for the 2005 oils, with or without the increased tocotrienol content, but the crude oil with enhanced tocotrienol had a longer IP than the control crude oil in the 2006 samples.     

硬茬复播田化学除草技术研究

硬茬夏播田杂草种类达１５科,２７种。采用逐达和苗前除草剂混配播后苗前土壤处理,对已出苗和未出苗的杂草皆有很显著防盗,一次用药不仅可保证作物苗期免遭草害,而且对作物生育后期的杂草也可达到有效控制。所用除草剂均对玉米、大豆安全。由于有效减轻了草害,大豆平均增产１４．５％,玉米平均增产２１．２％。