纳米TiO_2/PPS共混纤维的结构及耐紫外老化性能

采用共混纺丝法制备了纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)/聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混纤维,借助声速取向仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析仪等研究了纳米TiO2对共混纤维取向、热性能、形貌、热稳定性以及耐紫外老化性能的影响。结果表明:随纳米TiO2含量增加,共混纤维的取向度逐渐下降;少量纳米TiO2的加入对PPS纤维的熔融温度没有影响,但其重结晶温度升高,结晶度大幅提高;少量纳米TiO2的加入有利于改善PPS纤维的耐紫外老化性能,经紫外老化192 h后,含w(TiO2)为1.5%的PPS纤维的断裂强度保留率和断裂伸长保留率分别为66.7%和70.5%,明显高于纯PPS纤维的39.1%和26.6%,且纤维表面裂纹明显减少;w(TiO2)为1%～3%时,纳米TiO2不会影响PPS纤维的热稳定性。     

抗氧剂和光稳定剂对PE-LLD紫外光老化的稳定作用

研究了抗氧剂1010、168与光稳定剂622对线形低密度聚乙烯（PE-LLD）抗紫外光老化性能的影响,并通过拉伸性能测试和凝胶渗透色谱等手段对PE-LLD老化前后的拉伸性能、相对分子质量及其分布进行了研究。结果表明,纯PE-LLD经紫外光老化3 d后,其断裂伸长率保留率就降低到50 %以下;单独添加0.15份抗氧剂1010、168或光稳定剂622,PE-LLD的断裂伸长率保留率分别在紫外光老化7、6和15 d后降低到50 %以下;抗氧剂1010、168与光稳定剂622复配使用时,可显著提高PE-LLD的抗紫外光老化性能,具有明显的协同效应。     

苯并三唑/纳米TiO_2改性PPS纤维的制备及性能

为了改善聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维的光稳定性能,将苯并三唑与纳米二氧化钛(Ti O2)按一定比例复配与PPS切片进行共混熔融纺丝,制得改性PPS纤维,研究了改性PPS纤维的可纺性及其性能。结果表明:苯并三唑/纳米Ti O2复配物的质量分数大于1.5%时,改性PPS纤维的可纺性变差;当复配物质量分数小于等于1.5%时,改性PPS纤维的表观形貌和可纺性满足工业生产要求;随着苯并三唑/纳米Ti O2的添加量增加,改性PPS纤维的断裂强度有所降低,断裂伸长率和热性能变化不大;当苯并三唑质量分数为1.5%,Ti O2为0时,PPS的结晶速率最大,改性PPS纤维的光稳定性能最好,光照前后的色度变化值为14.02。     

共混改性聚苯硫醚纤维光稳定性的研究

采用质量分数1.5%的光稳定剂苯并三唑、或纳米二氧化钛或二者复配体系与聚苯硫醚(PPS)共混熔融纺丝,制备了共混改性PPS纤维。研究了光稳定剂对共混改性PPS纤维热性能、力学性能及光稳定性能的影响。结果表明:苯并三唑、纳米二氧化钛的加入,对PPS纤维的热稳定性没有影响,对PPS结晶具有促进作用,能显著提高PPS纤维的力学性能,降低PPS纤维颜色变化程度,抑制发色基团的产生,其中苯并三唑含量越高,纤维颜色变化程度越小,纳米二氧化钛含量越高,纤维力学性能增加越大。     

固相改性有机蒙脱土/炭黑/NR复合材料的耐老化性能研究

试验研究固相改性有机蒙脱土(GMMT)/炭黑/NR复合材料的耐热氧、耐臭氧和耐紫外光老化性能。结果表明,与炭黑/NR复合材料相比,GMMT/炭黑/NR复合材料热氧、臭氧和紫外光老化前后的综合物理性能均较优;X射线衍射分析表明,老化前后GMMT/炭黑/NR复合材料的层间距变化不大,老化过程不影响GMMT在NR基体中的分散。     

聚对苯撑苯并噁唑纤维的抗紫外光老化研究进展

综述了近年来聚对苯撑苯并噁唑(PBO)纤维抗紫外光老化改性的最新研究进展,探讨了紫外光降解老化过程和对光老化机理的推测,指出完善PBO纤维的内部结构和添加抗紫外光老化剂均可改善PBO纤维的紫外光稳定性。介绍了几种抗紫外光老化改性的方法,并讨论了它们各自的优缺点。目前抗紫外光老化研究主要集中在如何提高PBO纤维基体和抗紫外光老化剂之间的相容性。     

表面构建聚多巴胺制备抗紫外线PBO纤维

基于聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO)纤维分子链中噁唑五元环不稳定,紫外光辐射下噁唑环发生开环,大分子发生断裂,导致力学性能急剧下降的问题,通过PBO纤维表面涂覆聚多巴胺(PDA)分子链的方法,合成了耐紫外PBOPDA改性纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、广角X射线散射等分析手段研究了表面涂覆对PBO纤维表观形貌、超分子结构、微纳结构及抗紫外老化性能影响。结果表明：经过288 h紫外光辐射,PBO纤维分子链中产生酰胺基团,结晶峰的位置较老化前相对向右移动,结晶区的微小晶体发生相对滑移,结晶度、晶面取向度降低,结晶区出现解取向,原纤间微孔的直径、长度增大,纤维表面出现多条平行排列细长条纹,纤维力学强度急剧下降;而改性PBO-PDA纤维氮气氛围下热分解温度为693.6℃,仍具有良好的热分解稳定性,经紫外老化288 h后的PBO-PDA纤维具有较好抗紫外线能力,表层PDA分子链可有效阻隔紫外光对内部PBO纤维的破坏,纤维结晶度改变较小,纤维内部微孔直径长度增大幅度较小,分子结构没有额外基团产生,拉伸强度仍为1.55 GPa,拉伸强度保留率为37.26%。     

光屏蔽剂对聚甲醛耐老化性能的影响

采用炭黑和纳米级氧化锌两种光屏蔽剂对共聚甲醛进行耐老化改性,对比了改性前后聚甲醛耐紫外光、耐热氧及耐热水老化性能的变化。结果表明,紫外光老化对聚甲醛性能影响最显著,两种光屏蔽剂均能减缓聚甲醛的光降解过程。炭黑的光屏蔽效果优于氧化锌,但会加速聚甲醛热氧降解。聚甲醛试样表面层相对分子质量的变化规律基本上与试样断裂伸长率、冲击强度以及色差变化规律保持一致。     

聚醚醚酮纤维的结构与性能

采用熔融纺丝法制得聚醚醚酮(PEEK)纤维,研究了纤维的结构与性能。结果表明:PEEK纤维纵向表面比较光滑,附着少量凝胶粒子,纤维断面近似圆形,内部致密无空洞;PEEK纤维经过热拉伸定型处理后,纤维结晶度和取向度提高,纤维聚集态结构更加完善稳定;其断裂强度大于3.5 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为30%,干热收缩率为2%;PEEK纤维在300℃下连续使用7 d后,纤维的强度保留率大于70%;紫外光辐照6d后,其强度保留率为56.45%;PEEK纤维对化学溶剂具有很好的耐腐蚀性能。     

聚苯硫醚砜纤维和聚芳砜纤维的制备及其性能研究

以2.0 dtex、51mm的聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维为原料,以双氧水为氧化剂、冰乙酸为催化剂,对PPS纤维进行氧化改性处理,通过改变氧化反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件,制备聚苯硫醚砜(PPSO)纤维和聚芳砜(PASO)纤维,并对改性纤维的结构形貌及性能进行表征。结果表明:在双氧水:蒸馏水:冰乙酸质量比为50:25:25、氧化反应时间为5 h的条件下,当氧化反应温度为25～60℃时得到PPSO纤维,当氧化反应温度升高至80℃时得到PASO纤维;氧化改性过程中,伴随着硫(S)原子流失和聚芳烃的生成,改性纤维中出现大量氧(O)元素,证明PPS纤维被成功氧化改性;氧化处理对纤维的表面形貌影响不大,但纤维力学性能降低;经硝酸溶液浸泡处理后,PPS纤维强度保持率为79.8%,而PASO纤维强度保持率提高到112.2%, PPSO纤维强度保持率高达138.1%,说明氧化改性后的PPS纤维抗氧化能力明显提高。     

聚苯硫醚填充改性的研究进展

针对聚苯硫醚（PPS）韧性较差、价格高等缺点,介绍几种常用填料如玻璃纤维、碳纤维、氧化锌、芳纶、纳米材料等对PPS改性的研究进展,讨论了填料对PPS微观结构、力学性能及加工性能的影响,并指出国内在此研究领域中存在的一些不足。     

纤维增强CFP/PPS复合材料的制备与性能表征

以碳纤维(CF)和碳纤维粉末(CFP)为导电基体,制备出导电聚苯硫醚(PPS)复合材料。研究了复合材料的形貌、导电及力学性能。结果表明,CFP能很好地分散在PPS复合材料内部,复合材料的表面电阻可达到103Ω。同纯PPS复合材料相比,导电性能增加了四个数量级;一定范围内的CFP可以提高PPS复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度;CFP含量过多时,复合材料内部因发生团聚而力学性能下降。     

Crystallization behavior of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and PPS/carbon fiber composites: Effect of cure

Summary The effect of cure on the crystallization rates of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and PPS/carbon fiber composites has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallization rate of PPS increased with increasing degree of cure. The carbon fiber acted as a nucleating agent to enhance the crystallization rate of PPS. The fully cured PPS seemed to be saturated with nucleating sites formed through the cure reaction. Therefore, the presence of carbon fibers gave little effect on the crystallization rate of the fully cured PPS.     

纳米炭黑添加剂对纤维素/NMMO纺丝原液流变行为及其纤维结构性能的影响

研究了纳米炭黑添加剂对纤维素/NMMO·H2O溶液流变行为及Lyocell纤维结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明:添加了纳米炭黑的纤维素/NMMO·H2O溶液属典型的切力变稀型流体。纳米炭黑的加入使溶液的流动活化能有所增大,并且少量纳米炭黑的加入使体系的黏度有明显的降低,但随着炭黑含量的进一步增加,溶液黏度又逐渐增大。添加了适量纳米炭黑的Lyocell纤维的结构致密,其强度和模量虽略有降低,但结晶结构和热稳定性不变,由此制得的碳纤维不仅得率可有效提高,且强度和模量大大改善。     

反应共混改性纳米二氧化硅/炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶的结构与性能

采用动态反应共混法制备了含硫的硅烷偶联剂双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]-四硫化物(Si-69)和双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]-二硫化物(Si-75)改性纳米SiO2/炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)硫化胶,分析了胶料的微观结构,研究了胶料的物理机械性能和动态力学性能等。结果表明,纳米填料在胶料中呈现较理想的分散状态;当纳米SiO2与炭黑填料的总量为70份时,随改性纳米SiO2用量的增加,SSBR硫化胶的邵尔A硬度、扯断伸长率、永久变形、撕裂强度下降,拉伸强度变化不大,300%定伸应力显著提高,生热明显下降,其中Si-75改性纳米SiO2/炭黑填充的SSBR综合性能更优;纳米填料在橡胶基体中的分散性好,胶料的动态生热低。     

Crystallization of fiber-reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) composites. I. Experimental studies of crystallization rates and morphology

The isothermal crystallization from the melt of unreinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and of model carbon, aramid, and glass-fiber-reinforced PPS composites was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. Crystallization was studied as a function of temperature, and the fiber contents in the composites were varied over a wide range. The results indicate that the influence of fibers on PPS crystallization is not only fiber specific, but also strongly dependent on the surface treatment (size). In general, fiber-reinforced systems crystallized faster than unreinforced (PPS), and the degree of crystallinity was less under comparable crystallization conditions. It was also observed that the rate of crystallization was enhanced in those systems which exhibited transcrystallinity in thin PPS film/single fiber composites as compared to those systems which did not exhibit transcrystallinity. Furthermore, the degree of crystallinity showed a nonlinear crystallization temperature dependence for those systems that exhibited transcrystallinity.     

Nano‐carbon black filled Lyocell fiber as a precursor for carbon fiber

In this work, Lyocell fibers filled with various amounts of carbon black were prepared. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results showed that carbon black filled Lyocell fibers still had a cellulose II crystal structure and kept the characteristic peak of carbon black at the same time. The results of mechanical properties showed a slight reduction in the carbon black filled Lyocell fiber. Moreover, the heat stabilities of the carbon black filled Lyocell fibers showed no obvious change. The residue of carbon black filled Lyocell fiber at 1000°C was higher than that of Lyocell fiber, implying higher carbon yield could be obtained for the carbon black filled Lyocell precursor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments showed that the surface and the cross section of carbon black filled Lyocell fiber were smooth and round, which are consistent with the carbon fiber precursor. The WAXD pattern of carbon black filled Lyocell‐based carbon fiber was different from that of Lyocell‐based carbon fiber. The addition of carbon black transfers the diffraction peak of carbon fiber while keeping the characteristic structure of carbon black. The results of mechanical properties of carbon fibers show that, if an appropriate amount of carbon black was chosen, carbon fiber with better properties than Lyocell‐based carbon fiber could be obtained by using the carbon black filled Lyocell fibers as the precursor. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 65–74, 2006     

硅微粉改性PI/PPS/GF复合材料的制备及性能

采用双螺杆挤出机挤出工艺,制备了硅微粉改性聚酰亚胺(PI)/聚苯硫醚(PPS)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料。研究了PPS用量和硅微粉用量对PI/PPS/GF复合材料力学性能、动态力学性能、线膨胀系数和热性能的影响。复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度、悬臂梁无缺口冲击强度和初始储能模量随PPS用量增加而逐渐降低,线膨胀系数和熔体质量流动速率随之增加;材料力学性能随硅微粉用量增加先增加后减小,线膨胀系数和熔体质量流动速率随之增加而明显降低。差示扫描量热仪(DSC)数据分析表明,PPS材料的加入使复合材料在230~240℃出现了结晶峰,硅微粉使初始结晶温度变高;复合材料的热稳定性能随着熔融硅微粉用量增加而增加。     

Reinforcement of natural rubber with nylon 6 short fibers

The properties of natural rubber vulcanizates reinforced with nylon 6 short fibers were studied. It was found that the stress of vulcanizates decreased with initial fiber loading, followed by an increase with increasing the amount of fiber. The effect of reinforcing carbon black HAF on the physicomechanical properties was studied in the presence and absence of hydrated silica.